Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a salvage treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies. However, the clinical variables impacting outcomes in these patients remain unclear. We analyzed 58 patients who underwent allo-SCT for lymphoid malignancies, including B-cell lymphoma (BCL, n = 20), Hodgkin’s disease (n = 3), multiple myeloma (n = 9), natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL, n = 4), and TCL (n = 22).The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 27.4 months, while the median overall survival (OS) was 30.6 months.In univariate analysis, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and complete remission status post-transplantation were associated with improved PFS and OS. However, only post-transplant response remained significant for both sur‑ vival outcomes in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, HLA matching was associated with a significantly improved PFS in patients with BCL and NK/TCL, but with better OS only in those with BCL. Complete remission after transplantation was associated with better PFS and OS in patients with BCL, NK/TCL, and TCL. Our results indicate that post-transplant response is an important prognostic indicator in allo-SCT for lymphoid malignancies and may guide clinical decisions and additional treatment.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a salvage treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies. However, the clinical variables impacting outcomes in these patients remain unclear. We analyzed 58 patients who underwent allo-SCT for lymphoid malignancies, including B-cell lymphoma (BCL, n = 20), Hodgkin’s disease (n = 3), multiple myeloma (n = 9), natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL, n = 4), and TCL (n = 22).The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 27.4 months, while the median overall survival (OS) was 30.6 months.In univariate analysis, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and complete remission status post-transplantation were associated with improved PFS and OS. However, only post-transplant response remained significant for both sur‑ vival outcomes in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, HLA matching was associated with a significantly improved PFS in patients with BCL and NK/TCL, but with better OS only in those with BCL. Complete remission after transplantation was associated with better PFS and OS in patients with BCL, NK/TCL, and TCL. Our results indicate that post-transplant response is an important prognostic indicator in allo-SCT for lymphoid malignancies and may guide clinical decisions and additional treatment.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a salvage treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies. However, the clinical variables impacting outcomes in these patients remain unclear. We analyzed 58 patients who underwent allo-SCT for lymphoid malignancies, including B-cell lymphoma (BCL, n = 20), Hodgkin’s disease (n = 3), multiple myeloma (n = 9), natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL, n = 4), and TCL (n = 22).The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 27.4 months, while the median overall survival (OS) was 30.6 months.In univariate analysis, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and complete remission status post-transplantation were associated with improved PFS and OS. However, only post-transplant response remained significant for both sur‑ vival outcomes in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, HLA matching was associated with a significantly improved PFS in patients with BCL and NK/TCL, but with better OS only in those with BCL. Complete remission after transplantation was associated with better PFS and OS in patients with BCL, NK/TCL, and TCL. Our results indicate that post-transplant response is an important prognostic indicator in allo-SCT for lymphoid malignancies and may guide clinical decisions and additional treatment.

Purpose: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a curative option for acute leukemia. While an adequate ­CD34 + cell dose is essential for engraftment, the optimal upper threshold in haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (haplo-PBSCT) remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 81 patients with acute leukemia who underwent haplo-PBSCT with reducedintensity conditioning between 2010 and 2020. Patients were stratified by ­CD34 +cell dose (< 8 × ­106/kg vs. ≥ 8 × ­106 / kg). Clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), non-relapse mortality (NRM), graft failure, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) incidence, were compared. Results: A higher ­CD34+ cell dose was associated with inferior OS (p = 0.022) and increased NRM (p = 0.002), despite similar rates of graft failure and acute GVHD. Chronic GVHD was more frequent in the higher dose group, though the difference was not statistically significant. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed a high ­CD34 +cell dose as an independent predictor of poor OS (HR 2.054, p= 0.031). Conclusion These findings suggest that excessively high doses may adversely affect survival by increasing trans‑ plant-related toxicity. Graft cell dose should be carefully balanced to optimize outcomes in haplo-PBSCT.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a major complication in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Effective CMV prevention and management are essential for improving transplant outcomes. Preventive strategies include antiviral prophylaxis and preemptive treatments (PET). Letermovir, a terminase complex inhibitor, has become the standard of care for primary prophylaxis in CMV-seropositive recipients because of its efficacy and favorable safety profile. PET involves regular monitoring of CMV DNAemia via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and initiation of antiviral therapy, most commonly ganciclovir or valganciclovir, upon detection of early viral reactivation. Refractory or resistant CMV infections present a significant therapeutic challenge and often require switching to a different antiviral class while awaiting genotypic resistance testing. Maribavir, a UL97 kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated superior efficacy and improved tolerability compared to conventional therapies in the phase 3 SOLSTICE trial, making it a promising therapy for refractory or resistant CMV.Optimal CMV management requires a risk-adapted, individualized approach that integrates prophylaxis, early detection, and timely intervention to reduce CMV-related complications.

Background: Patients with hematologic malignancies exhibit persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity over long periods after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. However, the frequency of, risk factors for, and prognosis of prolonged COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in lymphoma patients and identified the associated factors and impact of prolonged COVID-19 on mortality. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 583 lymphoma patients was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients receiving lymphoma treatment who were quarantined after obtaining a diagnosis of COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test from August 2021 to September 2022 were examined. Results: Overall, 115 patients (19.7%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among 77 patients with clinical data, 24 had prolonged COVID-19. Patients in the prolonged COVID-19 group showed higher rates of receiving rituximab maintenance therapy following bendamustine and rituximab (BR) treatment for follicular lymphoma. This group did not show significant differences in clinical presentation within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis; however, it showed higher rates of re-admission due to COVID-19 pneumonia compared with the non-prolonged COVID-19 group. BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy is one of the risk factors for persistent PCR positivity, delayed or persistent pneumonia, and COVID-19 related admission after quarantine period. Prolonged COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality. Conclusion Prolonged COVID-19 was more frequent in lymphoma patients who received BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy and associated with unfavorable longterm outcomes and higher 1-year mortality.

Objectives: We investigated the impact of an advanced “Nutrition Education Program” on patients with Diabetes mellitus, type 2 from public health centers enrolled in a primary health care-based chronic disease management project. This 12-week dietary management program was developed by the Korea Health Promotion and Development Institute. We assessed if this program improved glycemic control and other health indicators through dietary and nutritional improvements. Methods: Seventeen patients with Diabetes mellitus type 2 were enrolled in the “Nutrition Education Program.” These patients were referred to public health centers for lifestyle management based on physician assessments at local clinics that were participating in a pilot project on primary health care-based chronic disease management. The participants attended the program comprising face-to-face basic, in-depth, and practical training sessions at the health center during the third, fifth, and seventh weeks, respectively. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, blood biochemical characteristics, nutritional knowledge, and self-efficacy evaluation were performed before and after the program. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 28.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 62 years, and most participants were female (14, 82.4%). No significant changes in patients’ anthropometric measurements or body composition were observed after the training. However, significant reductions were observed in the blood biochemical characteristics, including glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels. Additionally, patients’ nutritional knowledge and self-efficacy scores increased significantly. Conclusions The “Nutrition Education Program” helped in improving glycemic control and other health indicators in patients with Diabetes mellitus type 2. Further research is required to objectively confirm the long-term and sustained effects of the program in a controlled study. Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0010010

Cellular immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells has revolutionized the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. This review addresses the need for CAR expression in our endogenous T-cells to kill tumor cells with a focus on the basic principles of T-cell receptor recognition of major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes.We review the factors associated with CAR T-cell outcomes and recent efforts to employ CAR T-cells in earlier lines of therapy. We also discuss the value of bispecific T-cell engagers as off-the-shelf products with better toxicity profiles. Finally, natural killer cells are discussed as an important cellular immunotherapy platform with the potential to broaden immunotherapeutic applications beyond lymphoid malignancies.

Objective: Criminal proceedings of medical accidents are increasing gradually, and convictions are also on the rise. This study examined the precedents to determine how to prevent medical lawsuits from the perspective of criminal law. Methods: This study collected the criminal precedents of emergency treatment from January 2012 to December 2021. The emergency care in the Integrated Search and Access Service for Judgement was searched online. Results: In 2,371 cases, 22 precedents of professional negligence resulting in death or injury were extracted. These 22 cases were analyzed to understand the legal perspective of the judgment. Of those 22 cases, there were convictions in 10 cases of criminal precedents of emergency treatment and 12 acquittals within the last 10 years. There were four cases where the accused were guilty in the first trial but acquitted in the second. On the other hand, there was one case in which the accused was acquitted in the first trial but convicted in the second. Conclusion Having basic legal knowledge and concepts to prevent medical accidents is helpful. In an inevitable medical accident, it is necessary to actively deal with it from the beginning to prevent significant damage. In addition, it is important to review recent medical trials and to update procedures where possible.

Purpose: Event-free survival at 24 months (EFS24) is known to be a surrogate marker for overall survival (OS) for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We examined the role of EFS24 in PTCL compared to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and then assessed the clinical predictive factors of achieving EFS24. Materials and Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed PTCL treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy were included. Subsequent OS was defined as the time elapsed from 24 months after diagnosis until death from any cause in those who achieved EFS24. Results: Overall, 153 patients were evaluated, and 51 patients (33.3%) achieved EFS24. Patients who achieved EFS24 showed superior OS compared to patients who did not (p < 0.001). EFS24 could stratify the subsequent OS although it did not reach to that of the general population. After matching the PTCL group to the DLBCL group based on the international prognostic index, the subsequent OS in patients who achieved EFS24 was similar between the two groups (p=0.094). Advanced stage was a significant factor to predict the failing EFS24 by multivariable analysis (p < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with PTCL who achieve EFS24 could have a favorable subsequent OS. Since advanced disease stage is a predictor of EFS24 failure, future efforts should focus on developing novel therapeutic strategies for PTCL patients presenting with advanced disease.