Quercus acuta Thunb. (Q. acuta) is a subtropical, evergreen, broad-leaved tree with excellent carbonsequestration capacity and ecological adaptability. However, the phytochemical composition of fruits, particularly phenolic marker compounds, has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the biological activities of water and ethanol extracts of Q. acuta fruits were evaluated, and a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD)-based method for the quantification of marker compounds was established and validated. MTT assays showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5–20 μg/mL, and the water extract significantly inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. Gallic acid and ellagic acid in Q. acuta fruits were confirmed as marker compounds, and the validated method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.999), recovery, and precision (RSD < 2.0%). Quantitative analysis revealed that the water extract contained higher levels of phenolic compounds compared with the 70% and 100% ethanol extracts. These findings support the stability and biological efficacy of phenolic marker compounds in aqueous environments and suggest the potential industrial applications of Q. acuta fruit extracts.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the hemodynamic performance and the incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after aortic valve replacement (AVR) using bovine pericardial valves (Carpentier-Edwards Perimount Magana and Magna Ease). Methods: In total, 216 patients (mean age, 70.0±10.5 years) who underwent AVR using stented bovine pericardial valves and had follow-up echocardiography between 3 months and 2 years (mean, 12.0±6.6 months) after surgery were enrolled. The implanted valve sizes were 19, 21, 23, and 25 mm in 32, 56, 99, and 29 patients, respectively. Results: On follow-up echocardiography, the mean transvalvular pressure gradients for the 19-mm, 21-mm, 23-mm, and 25-mm valves were 13.3±4.4, 12.6±4.2, 10.5±3.9, and 10.2± 3.7 mm Hg, respectively. The effective orifice area (EOA) was 1.25±0.26, 1.54±0.31, 1.81±0.41, and 1.87±0.33 ㎠ , respectively. These values were smaller than those suggested by the manufacturer for the corresponding sizes. No patients had PPM, when based on the reference EOA. However, moderate (EOA index ≤0.85㎠ /㎡ ) and severe (EOA index ≤0.65 ㎠ /㎡ ) PPM was present in 56 patients (11.8%) and 9 patients (1.9%), respectively, when using the measured values. Conclusion Carpentier-Edwards Perimount Magna and Magna Ease bovine pericardial valves showed satisfactory hemodynamic performance with low rates of PPM, although the reference EOA could overestimate the true EOA for individual patients.