AIM: To explore the results of fundus screening in 5 307 newborns and the related factors of fundus diseases.METHODS: A total of 5 307 newborns who underwent fundus screening in our ophthalmology department from January to December 2022 were selected. RetCam III system was used for fundus examination, and abnormal fundus conditions were recorded. The influencing factors of retinal hemorrhage in full-term infants and retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in preterm infants were analyzed.RESULTS: The incidence of ocular abnormalities in newborns was 27.17%, with the highest incidence of retinal hemorrhage(61.23%), followed by retinal exudation(22.95%), ROP and ROP like retinopathy(10.68%). The incidence of morning glory syndrome(0.21%), albino fundus(0.21%), and permanent fetal vasculature(PFV; 0.28%)was lower. The incidence of eye abnormalities in full-term infants was lower than that in preterm infants(26.30% vs 30.08%, P<0.05), and the incidence of retinal hemorrhage and exudation in full-term infants was higher than that in preterm infants(P<0.05). The incidence of ROP and ROP like retinopathy in preterm infants was higher than that in full-term infants(P<0.05). Natural delivery is a risk factor for retinal hemorrhage in full-term infants(P<0.05). Fetal age(32-34, 30-31 wk), birth weight(1 500-2 499, <1 500 g), milk powder feeding, and oxygen inhalation are risk factors for ROP in premature infants(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The incidence of eye abnormalities in newborns at our hospital is relatively high, and early detection of eye abnormalities in newborns can be achieved through fundus screening.