ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the material basis of the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of action of Bushen Tongdu prescription （BSTDP）. MethodsThe chemical components of BSTDP and its blood-absorbed components in vivo were systematically identified by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-LIT-Orbitrap-MS）. Network pharmacology was employed to screen blood-absorbed bioactive components and potential targets of this formula. A protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of core targets was constructed to conduct enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was further utilized to verify the binding affinity between key components and targets. The inflammatory model was established and verified in vivo by using a transgenic zebrafish Tg （mpx： GFP）. At three days post-fertilization （3 dpf）， larvae of zebrafish were randomly assigned to blank group， model group， positive drug dexamethasone acetate group （75 μmol·L^-1）， and BSTDP groups with low， medium， and high doses （500， 1 000， and 2 000 mg·L^-1）. The distribution and quantity of neutrophils in the yolk sac region were observed under a fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression levels of key genes in the toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） signaling pathway and inflammatory factors including interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsA total of 120 chemical components were identified in BSTDP， among which 26 original components were confirmed by using serum pharmacochemical methods. A total of 227 common targets linking rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and the blood-absorbed components were screened by network pharmacology. It is suggested that pseudobrucine， vomicine， sinapine， rehmannioside， cinnamyl alcohol glycoside， and methylephedrine exert anti-inflammatory effects by acting on core targets including protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， TLR4， mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 （MAPK14）， and phosphatidylinositol-4，5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α （PIK3CA）， thereby modulating multiple signaling pathways such as TLR4 and NF-κB. In vivo verification in zebrafish demonstrates that the maximum tolerable concentration of Bushen Tongdu Formula is 2 000 mg·L^-1. Compared to those in the blank group， zebrafish in the model group showed a significantly higher number of neutrophils in the yolk sac region （P<0.01） and rising mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01）. Compared to that in the model group， the number of neutrophils was significantly reduced in BSTDP groups with medium and high doses， as well as the dexamethasone acetate group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the low dose group. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThis paper identifies the material basis of the efficacy of BSTDP， demonstrating that the formula can exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results provide scientific experimental evidence for its further clinical application.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the material basis of the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of action of Bushen Tongdu prescription （BSTDP）. MethodsThe chemical components of BSTDP and its blood-absorbed components in vivo were systematically identified by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-LIT-Orbitrap-MS）. Network pharmacology was employed to screen blood-absorbed bioactive components and potential targets of this formula. A protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of core targets was constructed to conduct enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was further utilized to verify the binding affinity between key components and targets. The inflammatory model was established and verified in vivo by using a transgenic zebrafish Tg （mpx： GFP）. At three days post-fertilization （3 dpf）， larvae of zebrafish were randomly assigned to blank group， model group， positive drug dexamethasone acetate group （75 μmol·L^-1）， and BSTDP groups with low， medium， and high doses （500， 1 000， and 2 000 mg·L^-1）. The distribution and quantity of neutrophils in the yolk sac region were observed under a fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression levels of key genes in the toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） signaling pathway and inflammatory factors including interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsA total of 120 chemical components were identified in BSTDP， among which 26 original components were confirmed by using serum pharmacochemical methods. A total of 227 common targets linking rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and the blood-absorbed components were screened by network pharmacology. It is suggested that pseudobrucine， vomicine， sinapine， rehmannioside， cinnamyl alcohol glycoside， and methylephedrine exert anti-inflammatory effects by acting on core targets including protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， TLR4， mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 （MAPK14）， and phosphatidylinositol-4，5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α （PIK3CA）， thereby modulating multiple signaling pathways such as TLR4 and NF-κB. In vivo verification in zebrafish demonstrates that the maximum tolerable concentration of Bushen Tongdu Formula is 2 000 mg·L^-1. Compared to those in the blank group， zebrafish in the model group showed a significantly higher number of neutrophils in the yolk sac region （P<0.01） and rising mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β （P<0.01）. Compared to that in the model group， the number of neutrophils was significantly reduced in BSTDP groups with medium and high doses， as well as the dexamethasone acetate group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the low dose group. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThis paper identifies the material basis of the efficacy of BSTDP， demonstrating that the formula can exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results provide scientific experimental evidence for its further clinical application.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Mingshi prescription regulates the retinal melanopsin-dopamine （Opn4-DA） axis in myopic mice to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress in the retina and sclera， thereby delaying axial elongation associated with myopia. MethodsSixty 4-week-old male SPF-grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a form-deprived myopia group （FDM group）， an intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells ablation group （ipRGCs group）， a Mingshi Prescription group （MSF group， 5.2 g·kg^-1）， and an ipRGCs + MSF group （5.2 g·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， all other groups underwent FDM modeling. Additionally， the ipRGCs and ipRGCs + MSF groups received retinal ipRGC ablation. Three weeks after modeling， the MSF and ipRGCs + MSF groups were administered Mingshi prescription via continuous gavage for six weeks. After refraction and axial length were measured in all mice， eyeballs were collected along with retinal and scleral tissues. Pathological and morphological changes in the retina， choroid， and sclera were observed using periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining. Western blot was employed to detect the relative protein expression levels of dopamine D1 receptor （DRD1）， C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP）， and glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78） in the retina， and CHOP and GRP78 in the sclera. Real-time PCR was used to detect the relative mRNA expression of Opn4， CHOP， and GRP78 in the retina， and CHOP and GRP78 in the sclera. Immunofluorescence staining （IF） was performed to detect the expression of Opn4 and DRD1 in retinal tissues. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the FDM group showed a significant myopic shift in refraction （P<0.05） and a significant increase in axial length （P<0.05）. The retinal layers were thinner， the number of ganglion cells was reduced， and collagen fibers in the sclera were loosely arranged with evident gaps. Opn4 and DRD1 protein and mRNA expression in the retina were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while CHOP and GRP78 protein and mRNA expression in both retinal and scleral tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the FDM group， the ipRGCs group exhibited further increases in myopic refraction and axial length （P<0.05）， more pronounced thinning and looseness in the retinal， choroidal， and scleral layers， lower expression of Opn4 and DRD1 protein and mRNA in the retina （P<0.05）， and higher expression of CHOP and GRP78 protein and mRNA in the retina and sclera （P<0.05）. Compared with the FDM group， the MSF group showed significantly reduced refractive error and axial length （P<0.05）， with improved cellular number， arrangement， and thickness in ocular tissues， increased Opn4 and DRD1 protein and mRNA expression in the retina （P<0.05）， and reduced CHOP and GRP78 protein and mRNA expression in both retina and sclera （P<0.05）. Similarly， the ipRGCs + MSF group showed significant improvements in terms of the above items compared with the ipRGCs group （P<0.05）. ConclusionMingshi Prescription delays myopic axial elongation and refractive progression by regulating the Opn4-DA axis in the retina of myopic mice， thereby inhibiting ER stress in the retina and sclera. This intervention promotes Qi and blood nourishment of the eyes， softens the fascia， and restores ocular rhythm.

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma is an important pathohistologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Invasive non-mucinous pulmonary adenocarcinomas (INMA) tend to have a poor prognosis due to their significant heterogeneity and diverse histologic components. Establishing a histologic grading system for INMA is crucial for evaluating its malignancy. In 2021, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) proposed that a new histological grading system could better stratify the prognosis of INMA patients. The aim of this study was to establish a visualized nomogram model to predict INMA IASLC grading preoperatively by means of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), fractal dimension (FD), clinical features and conventional CT parameters. METHODS: A total of 112 patients with INMA who underwent preoperative DECT were retrospectively enrolled from March 2021 to January 2025. Patients were categorized into low-intermediate grade and high grade groups based on IASLC grading. The clinical characteristics and conventional CT parameters, including baseline features, biochemical markers, and serum tumor markers, were collected. DECT-derived parameters, including iodine concentration (IC), effective atomic number (eff-Z), and normalized IC (NIC), were collected and determined as NIC ratio (NICr) and fractal dimension (FD). Univariate analysis was employed to compare differences in conventional characteristics and DECT parameters between the two groups. Variables demonstrating statistical significance were subsequently incorporated into a multivariate Logistic regression analysis. A nomogram model integrating clinical data, conventional CT parameters, and DECT parameters was developed to identify independent predictors for IASLC grading of INMA. The discriminatory performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified smoking history [odds ratio (OR)=2.848, P=0.041], lobulation sign (OR=2.163, P=0.004), air bronchogram (OR=7.833, P=0.005), eff-Z in arterial phase (OR=4.266, P<0.001), and IC in arterial phase (OR=1.290, P=0.012) as independent and significant predictors for IASLC grading of INMA. The nomogram model constructed based on these indicators demonstrated optimal predictive performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.804 (95%CI: 0.725-0.883), with specificity and sensitivity of 85.3% and 65.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram model based on clinical features, imaging features and spectral CT parameters have a large potential for application in the preoperative noninvasive assessment of INMA IASLC grading.
Humans ; Nomograms ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology* ; Neoplasm Grading ; Adult

Microplastics(MPs)have attracted growing attention worldwide as an increasingly prevalent environmental pollutant.In addition,chicken meat is currently the most widely consumed kind of poultry in the global market.Consumer demand for chicken is on the rise both at home and abroad.As a result,the safety of chicken raising has also received significant attention.The lungs play an essential role in the physiological activities of chickens,and they are also the most vulnerable organs.Lung injury is difficult to repair after the accumulation of contaminants,and the mortality rate is high,which brings huge economic losses to farmers.The research on the toxicity of MPs has mainly focused on the marine ecosystem,while the mechanisms of toxicity and lung damage in chickens have been poorly studied.Thus,this study explored the effects of exposure to polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)at various concentrations for 42 d on chicken lungs.PS-MPs could cause lung pathologies and ultrastructural abnormalities,such as endoplasmic reticulum(ER)swelling,inflammatory cell infiltration,chromatin agglutination,and plasma membrane rupture.Simultaneously,PS-MPs increased the expression of genes related to the heat shock protein family(Hsp60,Hsp70,and Hsp90),ER stress signaling(activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),ATF4,protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase(PERK),and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α(eIF2α)),pyroptosis-related genes(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase 1(Caspase1),and gasdermin-D(GSDMD)),and the inflammatory signaling pathway(nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)).The above results showed that PS-MP exposure could result in lung stress,ER stress,pyroptosis,and inflammation in broilers.Our findings provide new scientific clues for further research on the mechanisms of physical health and toxicology regarding MPs.

Objective:To analyze the accuracy of digital orthognathic surgery by evaluating the effects of brackets, dentition status and registration method on the accuracy of registration of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) dentition and laser scanning dental casts.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the data of patients who underwent digitally designed maxillary and mandibular surgeries from December 2017 to December 2019 in the Department of Orthognathic Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital. The CBCT and laser scanning dental mold data of the patients were imported into Mimics 20.0 software to build three-dimensional reconstructed dentition. Global registration and local registration of STL registration were used to register non-occlusal, occlusal CBCT dentition and laser scanning dental molds, which could be divided into four groups. Group 1: non-occlusal dentition using local registration, group 2: non-occlusal dentition using global registration, group 3: occlusal dentition using local registration, group 4: occlusal dentition using global registration. Each group included three subgroups, subgroup A used 3.0 mm distance parameters for registration once, subgroup B used 3.0 and 1.5 mm distance parameters for registration twice, and subgroup C used 3.0, 1.5 and 0.3 mm distance parameters for registration three times. With the assistance of the distance analysis function of Geomagic Studio software, the root mean square of the distance between the two images was obtained. The comparison of normal power data between subgroups was performed by analysis of variance, and the multiple comparisons among subgroups were performed by LSD- t test. After testing the normality and homogeneity of variance of the data, a general linear model was established to test the influence of bracket, dentition state and registration method on the accuracy of registration by multi-factor analysis of variance. Results:A total of 24 patients were enrolled, 7 males and 17 females, aged 19-30 years, 12 of which had orthodontic metal brackets and 12 had no brackets. (1) The local registration of each group is the best in subgroup A, and the global registration is the best in subgroup C. (2) The effects of bracket, dentition status and registration method on the registration result were statistically significant( P<0.05). The interaction among them was not significant ( P>0.05), but the interaction between bracket and dentition state, bracket and registration method, dentition status and registration method was significant ( P<0.05). Through simple effect analysis, it was found that in occlusal dentition registration/bracket registration, the simple single effect of registration method on registration accuracy did not exist ( P>0.05), while that of non-occlusal dentition registration/non-bracket registration had a simple single effect on registration accuracy ( P<0.05). Conclusions:If you use local registration, you only need to match the parameters of 3.0 mm once; if you use global registration, you need to register three times according to the parameters of 3.0, 1.5 and 0.3 mm. Bracket, dentition status, registration methods can all affect the accuracy of registration of CBCT dentition and laser scanning dental mold.

Objective:To analyze the accuracy of digital orthognathic surgery by evaluating the effects of brackets, dentition status and registration method on the accuracy of registration of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) dentition and laser scanning dental casts.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the data of patients who underwent digitally designed maxillary and mandibular surgeries from December 2017 to December 2019 in the Department of Orthognathic Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital. The CBCT and laser scanning dental mold data of the patients were imported into Mimics 20.0 software to build three-dimensional reconstructed dentition. Global registration and local registration of STL registration were used to register non-occlusal, occlusal CBCT dentition and laser scanning dental molds, which could be divided into four groups. Group 1: non-occlusal dentition using local registration, group 2: non-occlusal dentition using global registration, group 3: occlusal dentition using local registration, group 4: occlusal dentition using global registration. Each group included three subgroups, subgroup A used 3.0 mm distance parameters for registration once, subgroup B used 3.0 and 1.5 mm distance parameters for registration twice, and subgroup C used 3.0, 1.5 and 0.3 mm distance parameters for registration three times. With the assistance of the distance analysis function of Geomagic Studio software, the root mean square of the distance between the two images was obtained. The comparison of normal power data between subgroups was performed by analysis of variance, and the multiple comparisons among subgroups were performed by LSD- t test. After testing the normality and homogeneity of variance of the data, a general linear model was established to test the influence of bracket, dentition state and registration method on the accuracy of registration by multi-factor analysis of variance. Results:A total of 24 patients were enrolled, 7 males and 17 females, aged 19-30 years, 12 of which had orthodontic metal brackets and 12 had no brackets. (1) The local registration of each group is the best in subgroup A, and the global registration is the best in subgroup C. (2) The effects of bracket, dentition status and registration method on the registration result were statistically significant( P<0.05). The interaction among them was not significant ( P>0.05), but the interaction between bracket and dentition state, bracket and registration method, dentition status and registration method was significant ( P<0.05). Through simple effect analysis, it was found that in occlusal dentition registration/bracket registration, the simple single effect of registration method on registration accuracy did not exist ( P>0.05), while that of non-occlusal dentition registration/non-bracket registration had a simple single effect on registration accuracy ( P<0.05). Conclusions:If you use local registration, you only need to match the parameters of 3.0 mm once; if you use global registration, you need to register three times according to the parameters of 3.0, 1.5 and 0.3 mm. Bracket, dentition status, registration methods can all affect the accuracy of registration of CBCT dentition and laser scanning dental mold.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of 2 dimension late Gadolinium enhancement MRI (LGE-MRI) technique for the evaluation of atrial myocardial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods Forty-nine cases of atrial fibrillation in our hospital from March 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected. The LGE-MR was acquired by the Siemens 3.0 T MR machine before the catheter ablation.The findings of LGE-MR were evaluated by two experienced doctors. The left atrium(LA)were manually segmented into 8 regions in axial view.All patients were classified into 4 stages based on the extent of enhancement, stage 0: absence of enhancement, stage Ⅰ: enhancement appeared in minimal two consecutive slices in single region,stageⅡ:enhancement in two regions,stageⅢ:enhancement in three or more regions. All electroanatomic maps were obtained after electrical conversion during catheter ablation. The Kappa test was used to assess the consistency of LGE-MRI left atrial myocardial fibrosis and CARTO system of the left atrial endocardial voltage reconstruction. Results Forty-nine cases of atrial fibrillation with LGE-MRI and CARTO were included. There were 17 cases of atrial fibrosis stage 0,10 cases of stageⅠ,11 cases of stageⅡ,11 cases of stageⅢaccording to LGE-MRI findings;There were 17 cases of atrial fibrosis stage 0,19 cases of stageⅠ,12 cases of stageⅡ,11 cases of stage Ⅲ with reference to CARTO findings. The diagnostic accuracy of the LGE-MRI atrial fibrosis was 81.6%(40/49),of which the correlation was good(Kappa= 0.751,P<0.001). Conclusions LGE-MRI can accurately assess the degree of left atrial myocardial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation,help to select the proper candidate and strategy in catheter ablation.

Stem cells are a group of self-renewal cells with the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages. Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more than 200 types of cell lineages belonging to endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. Corneal epithelial cells derive from epidermal ectoderm during embryonic development. When the ocular surface is severely damaged, corneal epithelium with proliferation potential is essential for its reconstruction. Recent studies are focused on differentiation of bioactive corneal epithelial cells. This review summarizes signaling pathways including Notch, Wnt, bone morphogenetc protein or fibroblast growth factor pathways that are involved in regu?lating the development of embryonic ectoderm and corneal epithelial cells revealed in previous studies.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations and distribution characteristics of dry eye patients with ocular discomfort symptoms in Jilin Province, and to analyze the relationship between the risk factors associated with dry eye and its severity. Methods:The secondary or tertiary hospitals in Jilin Province were randomly selected and used as screening bases from July 2014 to August 2015.1 173 people initiative to the hospital for eye examinations after publicity were selected.Questionnaire was used to collect the subjective symptoms of dry eye.The breakup time(BUT) of tear film, corneal fluorescein staining, meibomian gland and tear secretion were examined and the detection rate and risk factors of dry eye of the dry eye patients with different clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results: A total of 1 122 people was actually surveyed, 896 individuals were diagnosed as dry eye, and the prevalence rate was 79.8%. The prevalence rate of the females was higher than of the males(χ2 =4.070,P<0.05).The prevalence of dry eye between different ages was statistically significant(χ2 =61.547,P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that the age ≥40 years (40-49 years,OR =6.313,95% CI: 3.498-11.393;50-59 years,OR =6.919,95% CI: 3.876-12.351;60-69 years,OR =5.175,95% CI: 2.650-10.104;over 70 years,OR =9.508,95% CI: 3.608-25.061), moderate grade of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD) (OR =2.123,95% CI: 1.186-3.803), and the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OR =2.186,95% CI: 1.098-4.353) and eye surgery (OR =3.692,95% CI: 1.204-11.323) were the risk factors for dry eye. While the occupation of farmer was a protective factor for dry eye (OR =0.351, 95% CI: 0.135-0.917).Conclusion:Age, occupation, MGD grade, rheumatoid arthritis and eye surgery history affect the occurrence of dry eye to a certain extent. So enough attention and appropriate health guidance should be given to reduce the incidence of dry eye.