Objective: To investigate the radon concentration and occupational radon exposure doses in Hangzhou Metro Line 1 and Line 5, so as to provide a basis for assessing potential health risks of radon exposure and protecting the occupational health of metro workers. Methods: From March 2022 to March 2023, radon concentration monitoring was conducted at 53 stations on Hangzhou Metro Lines 1 and 5. Four sampling points were set up at each station: train control room, customer service center, security checkpoint area, and platform. Continuous monitoring was conducted for one year at the train control room, while continuous monitoring at the other sampling points lasted for one quarter. CR-39 cumulative radon detection cups were used to measure radon concentrations, while RAD7 radon detectors were used to measure instantaneous radon concentrations. The annual effective dose to workers from radon and its progeny was estimated. Radon concentrations across different lines, sampling points, and seasons were analyzed. Results: The median radon concentration was 26.8 (interquartile range, 11.2) Bq/m3 in Line 1, and the median instantaneous radon concentration was 4.7 (interquartile range, 8.5) Bq/m3. In Line 5, the radon concentration was (26.1±6.1) Bq/m3, and the median instantaneous radon concentration was 4.7 (interquartile range, 7.4) Bq/m3. No significant differences were found between the two lines in either radon or instantaneous radon concentrations (both P>0.05). The control rooms in both lines showed relatively high radon levels, with a median of 42.5 (interquartile ranges, 24.3) Bq/m3 in Line 1 and a median of 26.8 (interquartile ranges, 6.1) Bq/m3 in Line 5. In the Line 1 control room, the median radon concentrations across four quarters were 37.7 (interquartile range, 27.5), 42.5 (interquartile range, 24.4), 46.8 (interquartile range, 26.0), and 34.9 (interquartile range, 29.0) Bq/m3, respectively. No significant seasonal variation was observed (P>0.05). In the Line 5 control room, the values were 24.8±6.7, 26.6 (5.9), 33.8±7.9, and 22.8 (8.7) Bq/m3, respectively. A significant seasonal difference was found (P<0.05), with the third quarter showing higher radon levels than the first and fourth quarters (both P<0.05). The annual effective doses to workers from radon and its progeny were relatively high in the Line 1 control room (0.305 2 mSv) and the Line 5 platform (0.255 9 mSv). Conclusions The radon concentrations in Hangzhou Metro Lines 1 and 5 were within the low-dose radiation range and met the national standard limits. No significant health risks were identified. However, attention should be paid to radon levels in control rooms and during the third quarter. Enhanced monitoring and ventilation management are recommended.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of nuclear medicine practices, determine the number of nuclear medicine staff, conduct internal exposure monitoring and dose estimation for nuclear mecidine staff engaged in 131I treatment in Zhejiang province. Methods:A survey was conducted over all the 22 hospitals involved in 131I treatment in the province. The 131I activity in thyroid of 96 stafff in 131I treatment workplaces were measured by means of direct method. At the same time, the effective doses from internal exposure were estimated and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results:131I activity in thyroids was found to be above the detection limit for 49 staff (51.04%) in nineteen hospitals. The maximum value of 131I activity was 629.18 Bq. There was no statistically significant difference in 131I detection rate in thyroid of 131I treatment staff between different positions, different genders and different levels of hospitals ( P>0.05). Comparisons of 131I activity of thyroid of nuclear medicine staff for theatment of thyroid cancers had shown that the highest was for nurses, followed by technicians and doctors, and the lowest was for cleaning staff ( H=6.39, P<0.05). The estimated committed effective dose to the nuclear medicine staff ranged from 0.05 to 2.37 mSv, with those below 1 mSv accounting for 93.88% of the total. Logistic regression analysis showed that nursing position was the risk factor contributing to the committed effective dose ( OR=2.805, 95% CI 1.076-7.314). Conclusions:In Zhejiang province, the committed effective dose to thyroid of nuclear medicine staff from 131I internal exposure was not in excess of the dose limit. However, the staff performing iodine therapy still need to strengthen protection against internal exposure and take scientific and effective protective measures to reduce the risk of health hazards from internal exposure.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of nuclear medicine practices, determine the number of nuclear medicine staff, conduct internal exposure monitoring and dose estimation for nuclear mecidine staff engaged in 131I treatment in Zhejiang province. Methods:A survey was conducted over all the 22 hospitals involved in 131I treatment in the province. The 131I activity in thyroid of 96 stafff in 131I treatment workplaces were measured by means of direct method. At the same time, the effective doses from internal exposure were estimated and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results:131I activity in thyroids was found to be above the detection limit for 49 staff (51.04%) in nineteen hospitals. The maximum value of 131I activity was 629.18 Bq. There was no statistically significant difference in 131I detection rate in thyroid of 131I treatment staff between different positions, different genders and different levels of hospitals ( P>0.05). Comparisons of 131I activity of thyroid of nuclear medicine staff for theatment of thyroid cancers had shown that the highest was for nurses, followed by technicians and doctors, and the lowest was for cleaning staff ( H=6.39, P<0.05). The estimated committed effective dose to the nuclear medicine staff ranged from 0.05 to 2.37 mSv, with those below 1 mSv accounting for 93.88% of the total. Logistic regression analysis showed that nursing position was the risk factor contributing to the committed effective dose ( OR=2.805, 95% CI 1.076-7.314). Conclusions:In Zhejiang province, the committed effective dose to thyroid of nuclear medicine staff from 131I internal exposure was not in excess of the dose limit. However, the staff performing iodine therapy still need to strengthen protection against internal exposure and take scientific and effective protective measures to reduce the risk of health hazards from internal exposure.

Background Excessive radon exposure is considered the second risk factor for lung cancer. Since the opening of the subway in a city of Zhejiang Province, the exposure level of radioactive gas radon in subway stations and its impact on occupational health have become one of the important issues of public concern. Objective To monitor the radon concentration of subways in a city in Zhejiang Province and explore the effect of radon exposure on chromosome aberration and micronuclei in the working population. Methods A total of 55 vehicle control rooms of 55 stations affiliated to two different subway lines in a city were measured for one year; the 110 ticket offices and 55 security checkpoints from the same 55 stations were measured from 16 March to 14 June. The radon concentrations were compared by job types, subway lines, and seasons referring to Measurement methods for determination of radon in environmental air (HJ 1212-2021). Peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosome aberration and micronucleus analyses were conducted in 165 subway workers from monitoring sites for three different job types, then the influencing factors were analyzed. The detection methods were adopted from the standards of Test and assessment of chromosomal aberrations on occupational health examinations for radiation workers (GBZ/T 248-2014) and Standard for the method of micronucleus detection in lymphocytes on occupational health examination for radiation workers and exposure dose estimation (GBZ/T 328-2023). Results The radon concentration range of the target subways in Zhejiang Province was 10-320 Bq·m⁻³, all lower than the national limit (≤400 Bq·m⁻³). The differences in radon radioactivity levels among different lines, job types, and time segments were statistically significant (P<0.05). The rates of chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation among the 165 subjects were 0.224% and 0.024%, respectively. There were significant differences in the rates of chromosome aberration and micronuclei among different jobs (vehicle control room, ticket office, security checkpoint) (P<0.05), but the abnormal rates were lower than the limits of the corresponding national standard. No significant correlation was found between jobs and chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei (P>0.05). Chromosome aberration and micronuclei varied by age, subway station seniority, and smoking (P<0.05). No effect of the above factors on chromosome aberration and micronuclei was observed by logistic regression (P>0.05). Conclusion The radon concentration in the target subway system is at a normal level. The rates of chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation vary by jobs, but both are lower than the corresponding national limits. Therefore, radon exposure has not yet caused outstanding health impact on the subway workers.

Objective To investigate the current situation of occupational health of radiation workers in Zhejiang Province, China, and to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of standards and management systems for occupational health examinations of radiation workers. Methods Data of occupational health examination cases were collected from occupational health examination institutions, including basic information, type of physical examination (pre-job, on-job, off-job), and health examination results. The differences in occupational health examination results among different groups were analyzed, and the factors influencing occupational health of radiation workers were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results A total of 5668 cases were collected, with 86% of the participants being male and 14% being female. Compared with the pre-job group, the on-job group showed an increased abnormal rate of triiodothyronine and the off-job group demonstrated an increased abnormal rate of leukocyte count (P < 0.05). Compared with the industrial group, the nuclear fuel group showed decreased abnormal rates of thyroid structure and thyroxine and an increased abnormal rate of triiodothyronine, and the medical group demonstrated an increased abnormal rate of thyroid structure (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of thyroid structure and white blood cell count increased with the increase of working age (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of white blood cell count, thyroid structure, triiodothyronine, and thyroid stimulating hormone were higher in female radiation workers than in male radiation workers (P < 0.05). Sex (female), radiation work history, and age were the risk factors affecting the occupational health of radiation workers (P < 0.05). Conclusion The occupational health status of radiological workers in Zhejiang Province needs to be further improved, and the occupational health management of radiological workers should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the current situation of occupational health of radiation workers in Zhejiang Province, China, and to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of standards and management systems for occupational health examinations of radiation workers. Methods Data of occupational health examination cases were collected from occupational health examination institutions, including basic information, type of physical examination (pre-job, on-job, off-job), and health examination results. The differences in occupational health examination results among different groups were analyzed, and the factors influencing occupational health of radiation workers were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results A total of 5668 cases were collected, with 86% of the participants being male and 14% being female. Compared with the pre-job group, the on-job group showed an increased abnormal rate of triiodothyronine and the off-job group demonstrated an increased abnormal rate of leukocyte count (P < 0.05). Compared with the industrial group, the nuclear fuel group showed decreased abnormal rates of thyroid structure and thyroxine and an increased abnormal rate of triiodothyronine, and the medical group demonstrated an increased abnormal rate of thyroid structure (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of thyroid structure and white blood cell count increased with the increase of working age (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of white blood cell count, thyroid structure, triiodothyronine, and thyroid stimulating hormone were higher in female radiation workers than in male radiation workers (P < 0.05). Sex (female), radiation work history, and age were the risk factors affecting the occupational health of radiation workers (P < 0.05). Conclusion The occupational health status of radiological workers in Zhejiang Province needs to be further improved, and the occupational health management of radiological workers should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the operation status and service level of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province, China, and to provide a basis for administrative departments and quality management departments to develop policies. Methods The investigation data of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province were collected for descriptive analysis of the regional distribution, nature, and service qualification of the institutions. Results There were 27 radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province. These institutions were located in 11 cities, of which 85.18% were public institutions and 14.72% were private institutions. For the physical examination workload of radiation workers in Zhejiang Province in 2021, general hospitals accounted for 75.90%, private institutions accounted for 4.51%, and occupational prevention and treatment hospitals accounted for 19.59%. In the radiation occupational health inspection institutions, the stand-alone and online software installation rates were 33.33% and 37.04%, respectively. A total of 26 986 individuals (82.97%) underwent chromosome aberration examination. The examination rates of thyroid color Doppler ultrasound examination and eye lens examination were 41.24% and 82.97%, respectively. Pre-job, on-job, and off-job physical examination accounted for 25.81%, 70.52%, and 3.67%, respectively. For radiation workers who underwent on-job physical examination, diagnostic radiology workers accounted for the highest proportion of 34.90%. The excellent, qualified, and unqualified rates of 27 radiation occupational health inspection institutions were 7.41%, 88.89%, and 3.70%, respectively. Conclusion The network of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province is well-established and located mainly in general hospitals, occupational prevention and control institutions, and private institutions. To enhance the quality and proficiency of occupational health examinations, it is imperative to prioritize self-improvement and management, reinforce law enforcement supervision, actively engage in blind sample assessments, and advance the application of information technology and standardized services.

Objective To study the value of MP-DNA in the early diagnosis of pneumonia by analyzing the result of MP-DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and MP-IgM antibodies in serum.Methods 103 hospitalized children were detected for MP-DNA in BALF(positive:DNA copies ＞ 102/ml) and MP-IgM antibodies in serum.Results The MP-DNA positive in BALF and the MP-IgM positive in serum in children with pneumoina were significantly higher than those in children with foreign body in bronchus (x2 =13.00,4.11,all P ＜ 0.05).33.01％ of 103 children was MP-DNA positive,19.43％ of 103 children was MP-IgM positive.The MP-DNA positive in BALF was significantly higher than the MP-IgM positive in serum(x2 =4.92,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The samples of MP-DNA in BALF were collected more difficulty than the samples of MP-IgM in serum,but the detection of MP-DNA can avoid the false negative,which may be of value in the diagnosis and therapy of MPP.