Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: To report a case in which vision improvement was achieved following surgery for anterior displacement of the eyeball resulting from self-mutilation in a patient with schizophrenia.Case summary: A 37-year-old female patient with schizophrenia was admitted following an attempt at self-mutilation, which led to anterior displacement of her right eyeball. Initial evaluation revealed that reduction was not feasible and visual acuity was finger count at 20 cm in the right eye. Orbital computed tomography indicated 26-mm anterior displacement of the eyeball from the center of the cornea to the interzygomatic line along with a small retrobulbar hemorrhage and edema in the superior rectus muscle. Surgical intervention, consisting of lateral canthotomy, cantholysis, and tarsorrhaphy, was performed for correction. The surgical site was reconstructed 6 days after surgery. A fundus examination conducted 1 month later revealed no abnormalities and best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/20. Conclusions Globe subluxation due to self-mutilation is a very rare and urgent condition in both ophthalmic and psychiatric contexts that requires immediate surgical intervention. This case demonstrates that immediate anatomical reduction when there is no direct suspicion of optic nerve damage can be beneficial for the recovery of visual acuity and may lead to a favorable prognosis.

Purpose: To determine subjective symptoms and medical history of patients with intermittent exotropia in a large study population. Methods: The Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS) is a nationwide, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted by the Korean Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus including 5,385 patients with intermittent exotropia. Subjective symptoms and medical history of patients with intermittent exotropia were extracted by a comprehensive survey based on a self-administered questionnaire according to the study protocol of the KIEMS. Results: The mean age of symptom onset was 5.5 years. The most common symptom reported in patients with intermittent exotropia was photophobia (52.1%), followed by diplopia at near fixation (7.3%) and distance fixation (6.2%). Preterm birth was found in 8.8%, and 4.1% had perinatal complications. A family history of strabismus was present in 14.9%, and 5.5% of patients had a family member who underwent strabismus surgery. Conclusions The KIEMS is one of the largest clinical studies on intermittent exotropia. Intermittent exotropia frequently caused photophobia and diplopia, and patients with a family history was not uncommon.

Objective: To compare the clinical and radiological features of various etiologies of chronic diffuse lacrimal gland enlargement. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 91 consecutive patients who underwent surgical biopsy for chronic diffuse lacrimal gland enlargement and were diagnosed with non-specific dacryoadenitis (DA) (n = 42), immunoglobulin G4-related dacryoadenitis (IgG4-RD) (n = 33), and lymphoma (n = 16). Data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, and CT imaging findings (n = 73) and MRI (n = 43) were collected. The following radiologic features of lacrimal gland enlargement were evaluated: size, unilaterality, wedge sign, angle with the orbital wall, heterogeneity, signal intensity, degree of enhancement, patterns of dynamic contrast-enhanced, and apparent diffusion coefficient value. Radiological features outside the lacrimal glands, such as extra-lacrimal orbital involvement and extra-orbital head and neck involvement, were also evaluated. The clinical and radiological findings were compared among the three diseases. Results: Compared to the DA and IgG4-RD groups, the lymphoma group was significantly older (mean 59.9 vs. 46.0 and 49.4 years, respectively; p = 0.001) and had a higher frequency of unilateral involvement (62.5% vs. 31.0% and 15.2%, respectively;p = 0.004). Compared to the IgG4-RD and lymphoma groups, the DA group had significantly smaller lacrimal glands (2.3 vs. 2.8 and 3.3 cm, respectively; p < 0.001) and a lower proportion of cases with a wedge sign (54.8% vs. 84.8% and 87.5%, respectively; p = 0.005). The IgG4-RD group showed more frequent involvement of the extra-orbital head and neck structures, including the infraorbital nerve (36.4%), paranasal sinus (72.7%), and salivary gland (58.6%) compared to the DA and lymphoma groups (4.8%–28.6%) (all p < 0.005). Conclusion Patient age, unilaterality, lacrimal gland size, wedge sign, and extra-orbital head and neck involvement differed significantly different between lymphoma, DA, and IgG4-RD. Our results will be useful for the differential diagnosis and proper management of chronic lacrimal gland enlargement.

Purpose: To report a rare case of slow progression of carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Case summary: A 66-year-old man presented with conjunctival injection and proptosis in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.8 and 0.5 in the right and left eye, respectively, and conjunctival vessel enlargement and subconjunctival hemorrhage were observed in the right eye on slit lamp examination. Due to suspicion of CCF, computed tomography, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography were performed. These analyses showed no vascular abnormalities associated with arteriovenous shunt, so the patient was followed up closely. About 1 month later, his conjunctival vessel engorgement became severe and CRVO derived from venous stasis by CCF occurred, so transfemoral cerebral angiography was performed and a diagnosis of CCF was made. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection was performed for CRVO, and best corrected visual acuity improved to 1.0 in the right eye. Conclusions Slowly progressing CCF can be accompanied with rare intraocular disease, such as CRVO, so appropriate diagnosis through detailed evaluation is important for treatment.

PURPOSE: To report a case of non-glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect associated with paravascular inner retinal defect (PIRD) in a patient with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old male who was diagnosed with ERM in his right eye and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in his left eye visited our clinic. His intraocular pressure was 14 mmHg in both eyes while using topical hypotensive medications in both eyes. His right eye showed no glaucomatous change of the optic disc head, and also no glaucomatous visual field defect on standard automated perimetry. Red-free fundus photography and swept-source optical coherence tomography showed an ERM and wedge-shaped RNFL defect starting from the PIRD, not the optic disc head. He was diagnosed with non-glaucomatous RNFL defect in the right eye and was told to stop using topical hypotensive medication for the right eye. After 2 years of discontinuing the medication, the IOP was within the normal range, the RNFL defect showed no progression, and the visual field remained stationary.CONCLUSIONS: A non-glaucomatous RNFL defect can develop in association with PIRD in patients with idiopathic ERM. Examinations for PIRD as well as evaluation of the optic disc head are therefore necessary in patients with ERM and RNFL defect.
Aged ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Glaucoma ; Head ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Photography ; Reference Values ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To report a patient with a pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) who underwent Descemet's membrane stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) with manual preparation of the donor corneal graft.CASE SUMMARY: A 61-year-old female presented with visual disturbance in her right eye. Five months prior, she was treated with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens exchange surgery of the right eye, and a very severe corneal edema was revealed by slit-lamp examination. We diagnosed PBK and planned DSEK with manual preparation of a donor corneal graft because of the non-availability of a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser. After making the corneal graft using an artificial anterior chamber, crescent knife and cornea dissector, the keratoplasty proceeded using the graft. Three months after surgery, her graft was well-maintained on the right eye. The patient's visual acuity was 0.3, and the corneal endothelial cell count was 1,844/mm².CONCLUSIONS: Manual preparation of the donor corneal graft for DSEK is suitable as a second choice treatment method when the availability of surgical devices is limited.
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Corneal Edema ; Corneal Transplantation ; Descemet Membrane ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Visual Acuity