Objective To investigate the correlation between the anterior ethmoidal artery(AEA)and anatomical variations of the anterior cranial base,and to analyze the predictive factors for AEA suspension.Methods Sinus CT imaging data of 159 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus sur-gery(ESS)were retrospectively analyzed.Mimics 21.0 software was utilized for three-dimensional reconstruction,measuring parameters of AEA and anterior cranial base anatomy and performing classi-fication.Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to evaluate the correlations among vari-ous anatomical parameters and their classifications.Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to screen for independentpredictive factors of AEA suspension.Results The rates of AEA suspension differed significantly across different Keros classifications(P＜0.001),with an increase rate as the Keros classification level increased(P＜0.001).The transverse diameter,height and vol-ume of supraorbital ethmoid cells(SOEC),olfactory fossa depth,lateral lamella of the cribriform plate(LLCP)length and frontal sinus pneumatization classification grade were positively correlated with the distance from AEA to the cranial base(P＜0.05).Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of SOEC(OR=4.178,95％CI,2.517 to 6.935,P＜0.001),in-creased olfactory fossa depth(OR=1.433,95％CI,1.197 to 1.715,P＜0.001),and higher frontal sinus pneumatization classification grade(OR=1.621,95％CI,1.121 to 2.345,P=0.01)were independent predictive factors for AEA suspension.Conclusion Detailed preoperative CT imaging assessment,especially the analysis of SOEC,olfactory fossa depth and frontal sinus pneumatization classification,aids in accurately assessing the anatomical position of AEA,thereby effectively reduc-ing the risk of AEA injury,and improving the safety and success rate of surgery.

Objective To explore the feasibility of prototype of flexible ultrasound array transducer for measuring intravascular diameter and blood flow velocity.Methods A prototype of flexible ultrasonic array transducer composed of a surface mount flexible ultrasonic array transducer(referred to as the transducer)and acquisition system was designed and fabricated.Doppler body model and vascular simulation control system was used to simulate human blood.Mindray M7 color multi-functional ultrasound diagnostic instrument(abbreviated as M7)and the prototype were adopted to detect pulse wave excitation mode,spectral morphology,echo signal time interval,blood flow velocity,etc.Taken the results of M7 as standards,the effectiveness of the prototype was evaluated.Then the inner diameter and flow velocity of left common carotid artery,left brachial artery and left radial artery of 20 healthy controls(HC)were measured respectively using M7 and the prototype,and the consistency of measurement results were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of the prototype.The safety of the prototype was evaluated according to subjectively scoring the comfort level of HC applying the transducer and whether there was skin discomfort,injury,etc.after removing the transducer.Results The collected blood flow spectrum of the above vascular simulation control system acquire with the prototype were clear,and the spectral morphology,flow velocity,as well as echo signal time interval were basically consistent with those of M7.The consistency of the inner diameter of left common carotid artery,left brachial artery and left radial artery measured by the prototype and M7 in 20 HC were all very strong(ICC=0.919-0.992),while of flow velocities were moderate or very strong(ICC=0.524-0.831).The subjective score of comfort level of application of transducer was 3(2,3),and no skin discomfort occurred.Conclusion Flexible ultrasound array transducer technology could be used to measure intravascular diameter and blood flow velocity.

Objective To explore the feasibility of prototype of flexible ultrasound array transducer for measuring intravascular diameter and blood flow velocity.Methods A prototype of flexible ultrasonic array transducer composed of a surface mount flexible ultrasonic array transducer(referred to as the transducer)and acquisition system was designed and fabricated.Doppler body model and vascular simulation control system was used to simulate human blood.Mindray M7 color multi-functional ultrasound diagnostic instrument(abbreviated as M7)and the prototype were adopted to detect pulse wave excitation mode,spectral morphology,echo signal time interval,blood flow velocity,etc.Taken the results of M7 as standards,the effectiveness of the prototype was evaluated.Then the inner diameter and flow velocity of left common carotid artery,left brachial artery and left radial artery of 20 healthy controls(HC)were measured respectively using M7 and the prototype,and the consistency of measurement results were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of the prototype.The safety of the prototype was evaluated according to subjectively scoring the comfort level of HC applying the transducer and whether there was skin discomfort,injury,etc.after removing the transducer.Results The collected blood flow spectrum of the above vascular simulation control system acquire with the prototype were clear,and the spectral morphology,flow velocity,as well as echo signal time interval were basically consistent with those of M7.The consistency of the inner diameter of left common carotid artery,left brachial artery and left radial artery measured by the prototype and M7 in 20 HC were all very strong(ICC=0.919-0.992),while of flow velocities were moderate or very strong(ICC=0.524-0.831).The subjective score of comfort level of application of transducer was 3(2,3),and no skin discomfort occurred.Conclusion Flexible ultrasound array transducer technology could be used to measure intravascular diameter and blood flow velocity.

"State-target medicine" is a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） diagnosis and treatment theoretical system proposed by Academician Tong Xiaolin based on the current development of modern medicine. The active stage of gastric ulcer， as a precancerous state of gastric cancer， has a great impact on people's health. Prof. ZHOU Xuewen， a master of TCM， innovatively put forward the theory of "toxicity-heat" etiology for the active stage of gastric ulcer， which plays an important guiding role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The article took the theoretical system of "state-target medicine" as the framework to explain the rationale， method， formula， and medicine of Prof. ZHOU Xuewen， who applied the Xiaoyong Kuidekang based on the "toxicity-heat" theory to treat the gastric ulcer in the active stage. The Chinese medical name of gastric ulcer， "gastric carbuncle"， was established， and it was believed that gastric ulcer is born due to "toxicity" and is based on "toxicity and heat". In the course of the disease， "toxicity"， "heat"， "deficiency"， and "stasis" coexisted， and its pathogenesis was divided into three phases， namely， toxicity-heat accumulation phase， toxicity-heat affecting the health phase， and weakened body resistance and strengthened toxicity phase. According to the positioning of gastric ulcer as an "internal carbuncle"， Prof. ZHOU Xuewen proposed the treatment of gastric ulcer in the active stage with "carbuncle theory" and introduced the surgical methods of "elimination"， "support"， and "tonifying" into the treatment of gastric ulcer in the active stage. Prof. ZHOU Xuewen took "clearing heat and removing toxins， eliminating carbuncle and generating muscle" as the basic treatment of the disease. For different stages of the disease， Prof. ZHOU Xuewen emphasized the use of the methods of clearing heat and removing toxins， supporting rot and muscle growth， and strengthening the spleen and harmonizing the stomach and created the representative formula for the treatment of gastric ulcer in the active stage with "carbuncle theory"， namely "Xiaoyong Kuidekang"， which could regulate state and targets.

The pathogenesis of urolithiasis is not yet clear， and there are obvious limitations in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis by either Chinese or western medicine. The microscopic pathological changes of the kidney from anatomical perspective have a certain internal connection with viewpoint of “kidney storing insufficiency， and kidney deficiency as the root” in the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） zang-fu （脏腑） theory. Accordingly， the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine based on “shen-kidney” theory has been proposed. It is believed that the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis can be divided into two stages， that is expelling stones and preventing stones. In terms of preventing stones from kideny， it is recommended to focus on the early pathological changes of the kidney； for preventing stones from shen， it is advised to prevent and treat urolithiasis from kidney deficiency. The treatment should be time-based and stage by stage. Adhering to the principle of “prevention before disease occurs， prevention is more important than treatment” aims to advance the intervention targets for the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis. Emphasizing on the simultaneous treatment of kidney disease and urolithiasis， it is critical to put focus on the development of calcium-containing crystalline nephropathy in the early stage of stone formation， as well as the fundamental pathogenesis of kidney deficiency in TCM. Shen-kidney theory aims to further promote the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis， which may provide certain reference for solving the current dilemma of urolithiasis prevention and treatment.

BACKGROUND:Heterotopic ossification is a dynamic growth process.Diverse heterotopic ossification subtypes have diverse etiologies or induction factors,but they exhibit a similar clinical process in the intermediate and later phases of the disease.Acquired heterotopic ossification produced by trauma and other circumstances has a high incidence. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the molecular biological mechanisms linked to the occurrence and progression of acquired heterotopic ossification in recent years. METHODS:The keywords"molecular biology,heterotopic ossification,mechanisms"were searched in CNKI,Wanfang,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases for articles published from January 2016 to August 2022.Supplementary searches were conducted based on the obtained articles.After the collected literature was screened,131 articles were finally included and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The occurrence and development of acquired heterotopic ossification is a dynamic process with certain concealment,making diagnosis and treatment of the disease difficult.(2)By reviewing relevant literature,it was found that acquired heterotopic ossification involves signaling pathways such as bone morphogenetic protein,transforming growth factor-β,Hedgehog,Wnt,and mTOR,as well as core factors such as Runx-2,vascular endothelial growth factor,hypoxia-inducing factor,fibroblast growth factor,and Sox9.The core mechanism may be the interaction between different signaling pathways,affecting the body's osteoblast precursor cells,osteoblast microenvironment,and related cytokines,thereby affecting the body's bone metabolism and leading to the occurrence of acquired heterotopic ossification.(3)In the future,it is possible to take the heterotopic ossification-related single-cell osteogenic homeostasis as the research direction,take the osteoblast precursor cells-osteogenic microenvironment-signaling pathways and cytokines as the research elements,explore the characteristics of each element under different temporal and spatial conditions,compare the similarities and differences of the osteogenic homeostasis of different types and individuals,observe the regulatory mechanism of the molecular signaling network of heterotopic ossification from a holistic perspective.It is beneficial to the exploration of new methods for the future clinical prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossification.(4)Meanwhile,the treatment methods represented by traditional Chinese medicine and targeted therapy have become research hotspots in recent years.How to link traditional Chinese medicine with the osteogenic homeostasis in the body and combine it with targeted therapy is also one of the future research directions.(5)At present,the research on acquired heterotopic ossification is still limited to basic experimental research and the clinical prevention and treatment methods still have defects such as uncertain efficacy and obvious side effects.The safety and effectiveness of relevant targeted prevention and treatment drugs in clinical application still need to be verified.Future research should focus on clinical prevention and treatment based on basic experimental research combined with the mechanism of occurrence and development.

The aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome as an essential component of the innate system is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human inflammatory diseases. Studies have confirmed its association with digestive system diseases such as ulcerative colitis， Crohn's disease， and acute pancreatitis， suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in the initiation and progression of these diseases. Based on the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the pathways that mediate the inflammatory response， this article introduced the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pathogenesis of multiple digestive system diseases and the Chinese and western medical therapies. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated definite effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated digestive system diseases. Some single Chinese medicines or TCM prescriptions can treat digestive system diseases by activating or inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inflammasome can receive a variety of endogenous and exogenous stimulatory signals， which can initiate， activate， and mediate inflammatory responses. The inflammasome formation and downstream inflammatory cytokines are involved in not only the inflammatory responses but also the development and progression of multiple digestive system diseases. Therefore， the NLRP3 inflammasome can serve as an ideal target for disease treatment. The future rediscovery and in-depth studies of multiple inflammasomes will shed new light on the treatment of multiple digestive system diseases.

Objective:To explore the prevalence of gout and related factors in community population, thereby provide evidence for comprehensive prevention and control of gout in community.Methods:A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to survey the permanent residents of 20 to 75 years old in the 3 selected streets (towns), univariate analysis was performed using logistic regression by SPSS statistical software.Results:The prevalences of hyperuricemia and gout were 9.82% and 5.75% respectively(male 18.88% and 7.94%, female 3.79% and 4.29%)in Jiading Shanghai. The positive rate of family history was 17.13%, and the relationship between family history and gout was significant( OR=3.140, 95% CI 2.365-4.169, P<0.01). Age( OR=1.034, 95% CI 1.021-1.047), body mass index ( OR=1.102, 95% CI 1.074-1.131), waist-hip ratio ( OR=4.876, 95% CI 1.153-20.622), sleep quality ( OR=1.310, 95% CI 1.159-1.480), other animal meat ( OR=1.117, 95% CI 1.007-1.240), fresh water fish ( OR=1.138, 95% CI 1.005-1.288), and processed meat ( OR=1.145, 95% CI 1.033-1.270) were closely related to gout ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Sex, alcohol drinking, marine fish, and soybean milk/soymilk were related to gout ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), but showed a protective effect ( OR<1.000). Conclusion:Reducing uric acid production through less consumption of purine-rich food such as animal meat as well as processed meat and weight control would be helpful in preventing gout.

Objective:To discuss the variation rule of renal mobility measured by ultrasound and to establish the normality range of renal mobility of the pilot candidates.Methods:Kidney length, direct and indirect mobility of randomly selected 338 pilot candidates were measured. Intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the repeatability of the kidney length measured by conventional ultrasound method and body surface projection method. The direct and indirect renal mobility was compared between the two methods and analyzed to establish the normality range of renal mobility.Results:①The ICC of right kidney length and left kidney length in decubitus and erect positions measured by conventional ultrasound and body surface projection were 0.759, 0.779, 0.725 and 0.754 ( P<0.01). ②The upper bound of the reference ranges of unilateral 90%, 95% and 99% of direct renal mobility was 2.00 cm, 3.00 cm and 4.12 cm in the right kidney and 2.32 cm, 2.70 cm and 3.56 cm in the left kidney, respectively. The upper bound of the reference ranges of unilateral 90%, 95% and 99% of indirect renal mobility was 5.00 cm, 5.50 cm and 7.31 cm in the right kidney and 5.40 cm, 5.71 cm and 6.69 cm in the left kidney, respectively. ③The regression equations of indirect and direct renal mobility were y=0.912 x+2.908 for the left kidney and y=0.956 x+2.726 for the right kidney. Conclusions:There are regular rules between direct and indirect renal mobility measured by ultrasound, and the normality range of renal mobility can be referenced in the medical selection of pilot candidates.

Objective:To discuss the variation rule of renal mobility measured by ultrasound and to establish the normality range of renal mobility of the pilot candidates.Methods:Kidney length, direct and indirect mobility of randomly selected 338 pilot candidates were measured. Intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the repeatability of the kidney length measured by conventional ultrasound method and body surface projection method. The direct and indirect renal mobility was compared between the two methods and analyzed to establish the normality range of renal mobility.Results:①The ICC of right kidney length and left kidney length in decubitus and erect positions measured by conventional ultrasound and body surface projection were 0.759, 0.779, 0.725 and 0.754 ( P<0.01). ②The upper bound of the reference ranges of unilateral 90%, 95% and 99% of direct renal mobility was 2.00 cm, 3.00 cm and 4.12 cm in the right kidney and 2.32 cm, 2.70 cm and 3.56 cm in the left kidney, respectively. The upper bound of the reference ranges of unilateral 90%, 95% and 99% of indirect renal mobility was 5.00 cm, 5.50 cm and 7.31 cm in the right kidney and 5.40 cm, 5.71 cm and 6.69 cm in the left kidney, respectively. ③The regression equations of indirect and direct renal mobility were y=0.912 x+2.908 for the left kidney and y=0.956 x+2.726 for the right kidney. Conclusions:There are regular rules between direct and indirect renal mobility measured by ultrasound, and the normality range of renal mobility can be referenced in the medical selection of pilot candidates.