Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a common primary malignant tumor.In recent years,the role of ubiquitin-specific proteases(USPs)in HCC has attracted widespread attention.USPs are a class of key deubiquitinating enzymes that affect a variety of biological processes by regulating the ubiquitination status of proteins.Studies have shown that USPs participate in the regulation of cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and invasion by deubiquitinating various tumor-related proteins.In addition,the abnormal expression of USPs is closely associated with the prognosis of HCC patients and may thus be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.This article reviews the research advances in USPs in HCC and explores their key roles in the development,progression,and metastasis of HCC.A deep understanding of the mechanism of action of USPs in HCC not only helps to reveal the pathogenesis of HCC,but also provides a scientific basis for developing new diagnostic tools and treatment strategies.Future research should further explore the regulatory effect of USPs in HCC,in order to provide more effective means for the clinical treatment of HCC.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of degenerative scoliosis.Methods:The clinical studies of OLIF in the treatment of degenerative scoliosis published up to May 2024 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Cobb's angle of coronal convexity, pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were extracted to compare the changes of the indexes before and after surgery. The methodological index for non-randomised studies (MINORS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Stata 18.0 statistical software was used for the meta-analysis. When the heterogeneity between groups was small, the fixed-effect model was used for analysis, and when the heterogeneity between groups was large, the random-effect model was used for analysis.Results:A total of 152 patients from 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis, including 3 in Chinese and 4 in English, with MINORS scores ranging from 17 to 22. Meta-analysis showed that OLIF for treating degenerative scoliosis was effective in reducing postoperative VAS score [ SMD=-4.74, 95% CI(-5.26, -4.21), P<0.001], ODI [ SMD=-6.21, 95% CI(-8.02, -4.41), P<0.001], coronal plane scoliosis Cobb angle[ SMD=-2.50, 95% CI(-3.22, -1.78), P<0.001], PT [ SMD=-0.73, 95% CI(-1.14, -0.33), P<0.001], and SVA [ SMD=-1.01, 95% CI(-1.75, -0.28), P=0.007], and significantly improved postoperative LL [ SMD=1.16, 95% CI(0.65, 1.68), P<0.001]. Conclusion:OLIF for treating degenerative scoliosis can effectively relieve pain, improve spinal function, and correct coronal facet scoliosis deformity.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a refractory disease of the digestive system characterized by diverse etiologies， complex pathogenesis， a prolonged course， and frequent relapses. In recent years， the incidence of UC has been increasing annually， severely impairing patients' quality of life， posing a risk of malignant transformation that may threaten patients' lives， and resulting in a substantial medical burden. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound formulas， with their advantages of multi-component and multi-target actions， have become a new therapeutic option for UC. The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is a core component of innate immunity， and its aberrant activation is closely associated with the onset and progression of UC， involving multiple processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress， and exhibiting crosstalk with pathways including nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and thioredoxin-interacting protein （TXNIP）. At present， NLRP3 has become one of the most intensely studied hotspots in UC-related research. Although increasing studies have focused on the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by TCM compound formulas for UC treatment， challenges remain due to the complex pathogenesis of UC and the compositional diversity of TCM， hindering the realization of precision therapy. In this context， by reviewing literature from the past decade， this paper summarizes the activation process of NLRP3 and its relationship with UC， and elucidates the roles and mechanisms by which TCM compound formulas regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and related signaling pathways， with a view to providing a reference for further research into the pathogenesis of UC， TCM treatment strategies， and their mechanisms of action.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a refractory disease of the digestive system characterized by diverse etiologies， complex pathogenesis， a prolonged course， and frequent relapses. In recent years， the incidence of UC has been increasing annually， severely impairing patients' quality of life， posing a risk of malignant transformation that may threaten patients' lives， and resulting in a substantial medical burden. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound formulas， with their advantages of multi-component and multi-target actions， have become a new therapeutic option for UC. The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is a core component of innate immunity， and its aberrant activation is closely associated with the onset and progression of UC， involving multiple processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress， and exhibiting crosstalk with pathways including nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and thioredoxin-interacting protein （TXNIP）. At present， NLRP3 has become one of the most intensely studied hotspots in UC-related research. Although increasing studies have focused on the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by TCM compound formulas for UC treatment， challenges remain due to the complex pathogenesis of UC and the compositional diversity of TCM， hindering the realization of precision therapy. In this context， by reviewing literature from the past decade， this paper summarizes the activation process of NLRP3 and its relationship with UC， and elucidates the roles and mechanisms by which TCM compound formulas regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and related signaling pathways， with a view to providing a reference for further research into the pathogenesis of UC， TCM treatment strategies， and their mechanisms of action.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a common primary malignant tumor. In recent years， the role of ubiquitin-specific proteases （USPs） in HCC has attracted widespread attention. USPs are a class of key deubiquitinating enzymes that affect a variety of biological processes by regulating the ubiquitination status of proteins. Studies have shown that USPs participate in the regulation of cell proliferation， apoptosis， migration， and invasion by deubiquitinating various tumor-related proteins. In addition， the abnormal expression of USPs is closely associated with the prognosis of HCC patients and may thus be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This article reviews the research advances in USPs in HCC and explores their key roles in the development， progression， and metastasis of HCC. A deep understanding of the mechanism of action of USPs in HCC not only helps to reveal the pathogenesis of HCC， but also provides a scientific basis for developing new diagnostic tools and treatment strategies. Future research should further explore the regulatory effect of USPs in HCC， in order to provide more effective means for the clinical treatment of HCC.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of degenerative scoliosis.Methods:The clinical studies of OLIF in the treatment of degenerative scoliosis published up to May 2024 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Cobb's angle of coronal convexity, pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were extracted to compare the changes of the indexes before and after surgery. The methodological index for non-randomised studies (MINORS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Stata 18.0 statistical software was used for the meta-analysis. When the heterogeneity between groups was small, the fixed-effect model was used for analysis, and when the heterogeneity between groups was large, the random-effect model was used for analysis.Results:A total of 152 patients from 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis, including 3 in Chinese and 4 in English, with MINORS scores ranging from 17 to 22. Meta-analysis showed that OLIF for treating degenerative scoliosis was effective in reducing postoperative VAS score [ SMD=-4.74, 95% CI(-5.26, -4.21), P<0.001], ODI [ SMD=-6.21, 95% CI(-8.02, -4.41), P<0.001], coronal plane scoliosis Cobb angle[ SMD=-2.50, 95% CI(-3.22, -1.78), P<0.001], PT [ SMD=-0.73, 95% CI(-1.14, -0.33), P<0.001], and SVA [ SMD=-1.01, 95% CI(-1.75, -0.28), P=0.007], and significantly improved postoperative LL [ SMD=1.16, 95% CI(0.65, 1.68), P<0.001]. Conclusion:OLIF for treating degenerative scoliosis can effectively relieve pain, improve spinal function, and correct coronal facet scoliosis deformity.

Liver cancer has high prevalence and mortality rates around the world， and its development and progression are closely associated with the interaction between the tumor microenvironment and tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs）. TAMs play a significant role in immune suppression， immune escape， cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis， and drug resistance in liver cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with its unique therapeutic concepts and methods， has shown great potential in regulating TAMs and improving the prognosis of liver cancer. This article reviews the role and molecular mechanisms of TCM in regulating TAMs for the treatment of liver cancer， discusses the key role of TAMs in the progression of liver cancer， and analyzes the impact of Chinese medicinal components on the recruitment， polarization， and activity of TAMs and the expression of related factors based on TCM theory. Studies have shown that TCM can regulate the polarization state of TAMs， promote the formation of M1-type antitumor macrophages， and inhibit the activity of M2-type tumor macrophages， thereby playing a role in inhibiting the proliferation of liver cancer cells， promoting apoptosis， inhibiting angiogenesis， and enhancing immune response. In addition， this article also summarizes the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of TCM monomers， compound prescriptions， and novel preparations in the treatment of liver cancer， such as inhibiting the secretion of cytokines by TAMs， regulating signaling pathways， and affecting metabolic pathways， in order to provide a scientific basis for the application of TCM in liver cancer treatment and offer new ideas for immunotherapy for liver cancer.

Endometriosis(Endometriosis,EMs)is a disease caused by abnormal colonization of the endometrial stroma or glands to sites other than the coated mucosa of the uterine cavity.Phospho-lipid inositol 3 kinase(phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3K)/protein kinase B(protein kinase B,Akt)sig-naling pathway is involved in the process of focal blood vessel formation,cell autophagic apoptosis,migration and invasion,and is one of the classic pathways regulating the pathological characteris-tics of EMs.The characteristics of multi-compo-nent,multi-target and multi-pathway of TCM have significant advantages in the treatment of EMs.Some TCM active components and TCM com-pounds can interfere with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,thus inhibiting the treatment of endome-triotic tissues,reducing pain and alleviating fibrotic lesions.By explaining the connection between the key targets of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and EMs,this paper summarizes and summarizes the re-search status of EMs by regulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway in home and abroad,aiming to provide a new perspective and idea for the use of traditional Chinese medicine and compound to treat EMs.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) in the treatment of cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament.Methods:Clinical studies on ACAF treatment for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, Chinese Medical Journal Full-Text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, cervical lordosis Cobb angle, and postoperative complications were extracted, and the included studies were analyzed by meta-analysis. The fixed-effects model was used for analysis when heterogeneity between groups was small, and the random-effects model was used when heterogeneity between groups was large. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the retrospective studies.Results:A total of 7 studies involving 539 patients were included in the meta-analysis, including 280 patients in the ACAF group and 259 patients in the traditional decompression and internal fixation group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the operation time of the ACAF group was longer than that of the traditional decompression and internal fixation group [ WMD=29.60, 95% CI(9.60, 49.60), P<0.001] and the intraoperative blood loss was less than that of the traditional decompression and internal fixation group [ WMD=-25.80, 95% CI(-32.11, -19.48), P<0.001]. The cervical JOA score [ WMD=0.82, 95% CI(0.35, 1.29), P<0.001] and Cobb angle of lordosis [ WMD=7.91, 95% CI(6.02, 9.80), P<0.001] in the traditional decompression and internal fixation group were higher than those in the traditional decompression and internal fixation group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the ACAF group was lower than that in the traditional decompression and internal fixation group [ OR=0.23, 95% CI(0.13, 0.38), P<0.001]. Conclusion:ACAF for the treatment of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament ossification showed less intraoperative bleeding, better postoperative cervical spine function and imaging indexes than traditional decompression and internal fixation, and a lower postoperative complication rate.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) in the treatment of cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament.Methods:Clinical studies on ACAF treatment for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, Chinese Medical Journal Full-Text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, cervical lordosis Cobb angle, and postoperative complications were extracted, and the included studies were analyzed by meta-analysis. The fixed-effects model was used for analysis when heterogeneity between groups was small, and the random-effects model was used when heterogeneity between groups was large. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the retrospective studies.Results:A total of 7 studies involving 539 patients were included in the meta-analysis, including 280 patients in the ACAF group and 259 patients in the traditional decompression and internal fixation group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the operation time of the ACAF group was longer than that of the traditional decompression and internal fixation group [ WMD=29.60, 95% CI(9.60, 49.60), P<0.001] and the intraoperative blood loss was less than that of the traditional decompression and internal fixation group [ WMD=-25.80, 95% CI(-32.11, -19.48), P<0.001]. The cervical JOA score [ WMD=0.82, 95% CI(0.35, 1.29), P<0.001] and Cobb angle of lordosis [ WMD=7.91, 95% CI(6.02, 9.80), P<0.001] in the traditional decompression and internal fixation group were higher than those in the traditional decompression and internal fixation group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the ACAF group was lower than that in the traditional decompression and internal fixation group [ OR=0.23, 95% CI(0.13, 0.38), P<0.001]. Conclusion:ACAF for the treatment of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament ossification showed less intraoperative bleeding, better postoperative cervical spine function and imaging indexes than traditional decompression and internal fixation, and a lower postoperative complication rate.