ObjectiveTo analyze the processing mechanism underlying the enhanced effect of invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea of soil-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR） by analyzing the changes of microstructure， chemical composition and anti-ulcerative colitis（UC） activity before and after soil stir-frying. MethodsThe microstructure and elemental composition of AMR before and after soil stir-frying were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy（SEM-EDS）， to investigate the differences in microstructure and the underlying causes. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） coupled with UNIFI 1.9.2 natural product analysis platform were used to analyze and identify the chemical constituents in raw and soil-fried products， and multivariate statistical methods including principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to explore the differences and sources of chemical constituents between them. A dextran sulfate sodium（DSS）-induced UC mouse model was established. The method of disease activity index（DAI） was used to evaluate the severity of intestinal inflammation. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissue， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors， Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to analyze the expressions of key genes and proteins involved in the intestinal mucosal barrier. The 16S rRNA sequencing was used to evaluate the diversity of intestinal flora， headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS） was used to explore the levels of short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） in feces. Base on the above findings， this paper investigated the effects of raw and soil-fried AMR on the biological， chemical， mechanical and immune barriers of model animals， and the differences in pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms from the perspective of regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier in UC mice. ResultsSEM observation revealed numerous hearth soil particles on the surface of soil-fried AMR， accompanied by bubble-like bulges. At the same time， there were many cracks and folds on the surface of the hearth soil. EDS analysis revealed that the contents of Si， Al， Mg and Ca in soil-fried AMR were significantly higher than those of raw products， and these elements constituted the primary components of hearth soil. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with database comparison was used to identify the chemical constituents of raw and soil-fried AMR. In positive ion mode， a total of 132 components were identified， primarily comprising three categories of terpenoids， polyphenols and amino acids. In negative ion mode， a total of 40 components were identified， primarily polyphenolic and glycoside compounds. Among them， the contents of sesquiterpenes and polyphenolic acids were changed significantly before and after processing. Soil-fried AMR could reduce the DAI score of UC mice， alleviate the shortening of colon length， reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin（IL）-17， IL-18， γ-interferon（IFN-γ） and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α in serum， increase the levels of anti-inflammatory factors such as secretory immunoglobulin A（sIgA）， IL-10， IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） in serum， increase the expressions of key genes and proteins of intestinal mucosal barrier such as tight junction protein-1（ZO-1）， Occludin， Claudin-1 and mucin 2（MUC2） in colonic mucosa， and improve the disorders of intestinal flora diversity and the levels of SCFAs（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The raw and stir-fried products of AMR also exhibited the aforementioned effects， but they were weaker than the soil-fried products. Additionally， the auxiliary material hearth soil also had a certain pharmacodynamic effect. ConclusionSoil-fried AMR can enhance the protective effect on intestinal mucosal barrier in UC mice. These changes or heating-induced alterations in the microscopic structure and chemical composition of AMR may be attributed to the dual effects of adsorption of hearth soil.

ObjectiveTo analyze the processing mechanism underlying the enhanced effect of invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea of soil-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR） by analyzing the changes of microstructure， chemical composition and anti-ulcerative colitis（UC） activity before and after soil stir-frying. MethodsThe microstructure and elemental composition of AMR before and after soil stir-frying were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy（SEM-EDS）， to investigate the differences in microstructure and the underlying causes. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） coupled with UNIFI 1.9.2 natural product analysis platform were used to analyze and identify the chemical constituents in raw and soil-fried products， and multivariate statistical methods including principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to explore the differences and sources of chemical constituents between them. A dextran sulfate sodium（DSS）-induced UC mouse model was established. The method of disease activity index（DAI） was used to evaluate the severity of intestinal inflammation. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissue， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors， Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to analyze the expressions of key genes and proteins involved in the intestinal mucosal barrier. The 16S rRNA sequencing was used to evaluate the diversity of intestinal flora， headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-GC-MS） was used to explore the levels of short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） in feces. Base on the above findings， this paper investigated the effects of raw and soil-fried AMR on the biological， chemical， mechanical and immune barriers of model animals， and the differences in pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms from the perspective of regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier in UC mice. ResultsSEM observation revealed numerous hearth soil particles on the surface of soil-fried AMR， accompanied by bubble-like bulges. At the same time， there were many cracks and folds on the surface of the hearth soil. EDS analysis revealed that the contents of Si， Al， Mg and Ca in soil-fried AMR were significantly higher than those of raw products， and these elements constituted the primary components of hearth soil. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with database comparison was used to identify the chemical constituents of raw and soil-fried AMR. In positive ion mode， a total of 132 components were identified， primarily comprising three categories of terpenoids， polyphenols and amino acids. In negative ion mode， a total of 40 components were identified， primarily polyphenolic and glycoside compounds. Among them， the contents of sesquiterpenes and polyphenolic acids were changed significantly before and after processing. Soil-fried AMR could reduce the DAI score of UC mice， alleviate the shortening of colon length， reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin（IL）-17， IL-18， γ-interferon（IFN-γ） and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α in serum， increase the levels of anti-inflammatory factors such as secretory immunoglobulin A（sIgA）， IL-10， IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） in serum， increase the expressions of key genes and proteins of intestinal mucosal barrier such as tight junction protein-1（ZO-1）， Occludin， Claudin-1 and mucin 2（MUC2） in colonic mucosa， and improve the disorders of intestinal flora diversity and the levels of SCFAs（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The raw and stir-fried products of AMR also exhibited the aforementioned effects， but they were weaker than the soil-fried products. Additionally， the auxiliary material hearth soil also had a certain pharmacodynamic effect. ConclusionSoil-fried AMR can enhance the protective effect on intestinal mucosal barrier in UC mice. These changes or heating-induced alterations in the microscopic structure and chemical composition of AMR may be attributed to the dual effects of adsorption of hearth soil.

ObjectiveBy observing the effect of Qianyang Yuyin granules on the phenotype of renal tubule epithelial cells， the intervention of Qianyang Yuyin granule on renal interstitial fibrosis was investigated. MethodThe renal tubular epithelial cells （HK-2） were treated with different concentrations of transforming growth factor （TGF）-β₁ （5， 10， 15， 20， 25 μg·L^-1） for 24 hours， and cell morphology and growth state were observed with an inverted phase contrast microscope. The 20 μg·L^-1 was selected as the most appropriate concentration of TGF-β₁ according to Western blot results for subsequent experiments. HK-2 cells were divided into six groups： blank group， TGF-β₁ group （concentration of 20 μg·L^-1）， low， medium， and high dose Qianyang Yuyin granule groups （concentration of 0.5， 1， 2 g·L^-1）， and valsartan group （1 × 10^-5 mol·L^-1）. The cell activity was measured by cell proliferation and cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）. The cell migration ability was detected by scratch test. The Transwell method was used to detect the invasiveness of cells. Western blot was used to detect levels of fibronectin （FN）， E-cadherin， α-smooth muscle activator （α-SMA）， Vimentin， collagen type Ⅰ（Col Ⅰ）， collagen type Ⅳ（Col Ⅳ）， and other related proteins. ResultTGF-β₁ stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） in renal tubular epithelial cells was time- and concentration-dependent. Compared with the blank group， higher concentration in the TGF-β₁ group indicates longer intervention time and more obvious long spindle change of cells， and the migration and invasion ability of the cells was significantly enhanced. The protein expression level of FN， α-SMA， Vimentin， Col Ⅰ， and Col Ⅳ increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the expression level of E-cadherin protein decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the TGF-β₁ group， Qianyang Yuyin granule groups could maintain normal cell morphology， and the migration and invasion ability of the cells was inhibited. The protein expression level of FN， α-SMA， Vimentin， Col Ⅰ， and Col Ⅳ decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of E-cadherin protein was significantly restored （P<0.05）. ConclusionQianyang Yuyin granule can reverse TGF-β₁-induced interstitial transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells by reducing the phenotypic expression of mesenchymal cells and increasing the phenotypic expression of epithelial cells.

Cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH) is a manifestation of decompensated liver cirrhosis, with ascites, portal collateral circulation formation, hypersplenism and splenomegaly as the typical clinical symptoms. In recent years, the incidence of CPH has been increasing year by year, and the treatment of CPH has gradually become a hot issue in medical research. In order to further explore the diagnosis and treatment scheme of CPH. We briefly describe the pathophysiological mechanism and diagnosis of CPH, and the current situation of CPH treatment and the new progress of internal and external treatment were reviewed.

Objective:To explore the safety and therapeutic effect of probiotics combined with ornithine aspartate on patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by hepatic encephalopathy.Methods:72 patients with hepatic encephalopathy hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology from January 2017 to December 2021 were randomly. According to the principle of comparability between groups in terms of gender and age, the group was divided into an observation group (36 cases) and a control group (36 cases) using a random number table method. The control group was treated with ornithine aspartate, while the case group was treated with probiotics combined with ornithine aspartate. The curative effect of the two groups of patients and the changes of serum inflammatory factors, intestinal flora and intestinal mucosal barrier function were observed.Results:The total effective rate of the case group was higher than that of the control group [97.22%(35/36) vs 83.33%(30/36)], The difference between groups is statistically significant (χ 2=2.53, P=0.112). After treatment, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), blood ammonia, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the two groups-α (TNF-α)、C-reactive protein (CRP), enterobacter, enterococcus content, endotoxin, D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase, and digital connection test (NCT) time were lower than before treatment [(-130.89±31.67) U/L vs (-98.64±43.41) U/L,(-137.81±31.92) U/L vs (-79.58±45.42) U/L, (-57.13±21.07) μmol/L vs (-45.92±18.11) μmol/L,(-164.06±19.30) μmol/L vs (-148.98±12.97) μmol/L, (-5.35±2.30) ng/L vs (2.18±2.77) ng/L,(-5.51±2.07) μmol/L vs (-3.72±1.50) ng/L, (-12.60±3.65) ng/L比(-7.97±5.86) ng/L, (-45.95±20.34) mg/L vs (-21.14±19.09) mg/L, (-2.70±1.53) vs (-1.31±2.47), (-2.50±1.26) vs (-1.39±1.97),(-0.32±0.09) EU/ml vs (-0.19±0.09) EU/ml, (-47.58±18.52) nmol/L vs (-32.31±22.21) nmol/L,(-3.44±1.06) U/ml vs (-1.86±1.30) U/ml, (-31.75±10.09) s vs (-14.58±10.10) s] and the scores of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, and digital sign test (DST) were higher than before treatment [(2.77±1.76) vs (1.13±2.06), (3.23±1.61) vs (1.06±2.31), (32.58±5.72) vs (16.33±6.16)]. After treatment, ALT, AST, TBIL, blood ammonia, IL-6, IL-8, TNF in the case group-α, CRP, Enterobacter, Enterococcus content, endotoxin, D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase, NCT time were lower than those in the control group, and bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, DST scores were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences(t-values of 3.60, 6.29, 2.42, 3.89, 5.28, 4.21, 4.03, 5.34, 2.87, 2.86, 6.11, 3.17, 5.63, 7.21, 3.61, 4.64 and 11.59. P-values of 0.001, <0.001, 0.018, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, 0.005, 0.006, <0.001, 0.002, <0.001, <0.001, 0.001, <0.001, and <0.001). Conclusions:Micro-ecological preparation combined with ornithine aspartate has a significant therapeutic effect on patients with hepatic encephalopathy, which can significantly improve liver function and cognitive function of patients, reduce blood ammonia level, inhibit inflammatory reaction, improve intestinal flora and intestinal mucosal barrier function, with good safety, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the effects of Rougan Huaxian Granules combined with nucleoside antiviral drugs on liver and kidney function, portal hemodynamics, vascular activity, antiviral indexes and aspartate transaminase-platelet ratio index in patients with hepatitis B decompensated cirrhosis.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 150 patients with hepatitis B decompensated cirrhosis who were hospitalized in Tangshan Infectious Disease Institute and Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from June 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by computer random random number method, with 75 cases in each group. The control group was given routine liver protection and antiviral treatment; the observation group was given Rougan Huaxian granules on the basis of the control group treatment. Observe the changes of liver and kidney function, portal vein system hemodynamics, vascular activity, antiviral index and aspartate transaminase-platelet ratio index in the two groups. Independent sample T test was used to compare the measurement data between the two groups, paired T test was used for comparison between the same groups before and after treatment, and χ2 test was used for counting data. Results:There were no significant differences in gender, age, course of cirrhosis, Child grade of liver function and baseline data of indexes before treatment between 2 groups (ALL P>0.05). After treatment, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen, creatinine,diameter of portal vein (Dpv), diameter of splenic vein (Dsv), endothelin-1, nitric oxide, glucagon (GLA), APRI,were all lower than before treatment. Comparison between groups, observation group ALT (51.60±15.97) U/L, AST (62.65±26.28) U/L, urea nitrogen (10.25±1.65) mmol/L, creatinine (78.54±14.09) μmol/L, Dpv (10.20±1.10) mm, Dsv (8.08±0.68) mm, endothelin-1 (31.93±6.35) ng/L, nitric oxide (41.38±8.06) μg/L, GLA (69.54±12.14) mg/L, APRI (3.14±1.35), were significantly lower than those of control group ((97.49±30.87) U/L, (96.03±25.63) U/L, (17.49±2.55) mmol/L, (116.43±22.77) μmol/L, (13.42±1.26) mm, (10.44±0.83) mm, (44.34+11.88) ng/L, (63.47±15.50) μg/L, (107.11+25.29) mg/L, (5.91±1.93)), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were respectively 11.43, 7.87, 20.64, 12.26, 16.62, 18.99, 7.98, 10.96, 11.60, 10.23, all P<0.05). After treatment, albumin, portal vein velocity (Vpv), and velocity of splenic vein blood flow (Vsv) were all higher in the two groups than before treatment. However, there was no significant difference in Vsv of the control group before and after treatment ( t=0.51, P=0.613). Comparison between groups, albumin (39.42±7.35) g/L, Vpv ((25.72±4.06) cm/s), Vsv ((24.22±6.15) cm/s) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (34.66±7.95) g/L, (19.38±3.46) cm/s, (19.54±5.88) cm/s ( t values were 3.81, 10.28, 4.76, all P<0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate (96.00%(72/75) vs. 86.67%(65/75), χ2=4.13, P=0.042), HBV DNA negative conversion rate (76.00%(57/75) vs. 58.67%(44/75), χ2=5.12, P=0.024), HBeAg negative conversion rate (50.67%(38/75) vs. 30.67%(23/75), χ2=6.22, P=0.013) and serum HBeAg/HBeAb conversion (28.00%(21/75) vs. 13.33%(10/75), χ2=4.92, P=0.027) in observation group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). HBsAg negative rate (8.00%(6/75) vs. 5.33%(4/75), χ2=0.43, P=0.513) was higher than that of control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Rougan Huaxian Granules combined with nucleoside antiviral drugs has significant effect on patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis of hepatitis B, improve liver and kidney function, liver fibrosis and hemodynamics of the portal vein system, increase vascular activity function, and reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load, HBV replication, aspartate transaminase-platelet ratio index, APRI, Toll-like receptor (TLR-4) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels and improves the body′s immune status.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in a rat model of AR after PM2.5 exposure.Methods:Sixty healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (NC group), PM2.5 unexposed AR group (AR group), PM2.5 exposed AR group (ARE group), UA intervention AR group (AR+UA group), and UA intervention PM2.5 exposed AR group (ARE+UA group), with 12 rats in each group. AR model was performed by a basal sensitization with intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and followed by nasal instillation. PM2.5 exposure was carried out by inhalation exposure system at a concentration of 200 μg/m 3 for 3 h/d for 30 days. UA intervention group was given UA intragastric administration at 20 mg/(kg·d). AR symptoms including sneezing, nasal scratching and nasal secretion of rats in each group were observed. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in nasal mucosa were tested. The pathological changes of nasal mucosa were observed by HE staining. The levels of OVA-sIgE, IL-6 and IL-17 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein microarray was used to measure the expression of multiple inflammation cell factors in nasal mucosa. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0. Results:After UA intervention, the frequency of nasal sneezing, scratching and nasal secretion in ARE+UA group were lower than those of ARE group ( P<0.05). Pathological examination of nasal mucosa showed that ARE+UA group had less inflammatory granulocyte infiltration and less pathological damage to the epithelial layer than ARE group. The activities of SOD in nasal mucosa of ARE+UA group were higher than those of ARE group ((50.10±3.09) U/mg vs (20.13±1.30) U/mg, F value was 597.54, P<0.01). The contents of MDA in nasal mucosa of ARE+UA group were lower than those of ARE group ((57.78±12.36) nmol/g vs (124.12±9.40) nmol/g, F value was 115.51, P<0.01). The expression levels of OVA-sIgE, IL-6 and IL-17 proteins were lower in the ARE+UA group than those in ARE group ((11.61±0.27) ng/ml vs (20.30±0.67) ng/ml, (47.59±15.49) pg/ml vs (98.83±10.98) pg/ml, (623.30±8.75) pg/ml vs (913.32±9.06) pg/ml, F value was 283.42, 80.45, 683.73, respectively, all P<0.01). After UA intervention, protein microarray analysis showed that the expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, chemokine CXCL7, IL-1α, IL-1β, MMP-8 and MCP-1 in ARE+UA group was decreased compared with ARE group while IFN-γ and IL-10 increased (all P<0.01). Conclusion:UA can reduce the aggravated AR symptoms and pathological damage of nasal mucosa, inhibit oxidative stress and release of inflammatory factors after PM2.5 exposure, and thus plays a protective role in the pathological damage of AR induced by PM2.5 exposure.

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the determination of 8 glycosides（astragaloside Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ and calycosin glucopyranoside ，2′-hydroxy-3′，4′-dimethoxy-isoflavan-glucoside and 9，10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan-glucoside） and 4 aglycones（calycosin，formononetin，7，2′-dihydroxy-3′，4′-dimethoxy-isoflavan and 3-hydroxy-9，10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan） in Astragalus membranaceus ，and to investigate the effects of different processing temperatures on the contents of above 12 components. METHODS ：The contents of 12 components in A. membranaceus and samples processed under different temperatures（120，140，160，180，200 ℃）were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The determination was performed on ACQUITY UPLC HSS T 3 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1 mol/L formic acid water solution -0.1 mol/L formic acid acetonitrile solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavel ength was 260 nm，and sample size was 2 μL. Electrospray ion source（ESI）was used under positive ion mode （ESI+）. The mass scanning range was mass ratio （m/z）of 50-1 500，with capillary voltage of 2 000 V and ion source temperature of 100 ℃. The desolvation temperature was 400 ℃；flow rate of atomizing gas （N2） was 40 L/h，and that of desolvation was 800 L/h；collision energy （CE）was 20-30 V；data acquisition rate was 0.5 s/scan. RESULTS：The linear range of astragaloside Ⅰ，astragaloside Ⅱ，astragaloside Ⅲ，astragaloside Ⅳ，calycosin-glucopyranoside， calycosin，ononin，formononetin，2′-hydroxy-3′，4′-dimethoxy-isoflavan-glucoside，7，2′-dihydroxy-3′，4′-dimethoxy-isoflavan，9， 10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan-glucoside and 3-hydroxy-9，10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan were 0.001 16-0.232 0，0.000 276-0.055 2， 0.000 22-0.044 0，0.000 225-0.045 0，0.000 734-0.587 0，0.001 17-0.234 0，0.000 742- 0.148 0，0.001 30-0.260，0.003 98-0.795 0， 0.000 476-0.476 0，0.001 89-0.378 0，0.000 336-0.336 0 μg（all R2≥0.999 2），respectively. The limits of detection were 6.2×10－6， 4.8×10－6，3.8×10－6，3.4×10－6，5.8×10－6，4.8×10－6，4.2×10－6，3.2×10－6，5.8×10－6，2.6×10－6，4.2×10－6，6.4×10－6 μg，respectively. The limits of quantitation were 12.6×10－6，16.2×10－6，14.4×10－6，14.8×10－6，18.8×10－6，16.4×10－6，15.4×10－6，10.8×10－6，20.2×10－6， 12.4×10－6，14.6×10－6，23.4×10－6 μg，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repetition tests were all lower than 3.0％（n＝6）. The average recoveries were 99.1％，100.2％，98.7％，101.9％，98.6％，102.1％，99.2％，100.3％，98.7％， 99.2％，99.3％ and 100.8％，with the RSDs of 1.9％，2.2％，2.4％，1.8％，2.1％，1.7％，2.3％，1.9％，2.4％，1.8％，2.2％ and 1.9％（n＝6），respectively. The results showed that the contents of astragaloside Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased gradually with the increase of processing temperature ；the content of astragaloside Ⅳ increased gradually with the increase of temperature. The content of flavonoid glycosides ，such as calycosin glucopyranoside ，ononin，2′-hydroxy-3′，4′-dimethoxy-isoflavan-glucoside and 9， 10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan-glucoside decreased with the increase of temperature ；the corresponding aglycone components as flavonoid glycosides ，formononetin，3-hydroxy-9，10-dimethoxy- pterocarpan increased firstly and then decreased with the increase ； the content of 7，2′-dihydroxy-3′，4′- dimethoxy-isoflavan decreased with the increase of temperature. CONCLUSIONS ：Established UPLC-MS/MS method can be used for determination of 12 components in A. membranaceus . After processed under different temperature，the contents of glycosides decreased in general ，while the contents of aglycones increased in general.

Objective:To explore the relationship among CDH23 gene variation and the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) .Methods:The nested case-control study was performed and this study followed a cohort of 6297 noise-exposed workers in a steel factory of Henan province in China from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015. In July 2019, subjects whose average hearing threshold were more than 40 dB in high frequency were defined as the case group, and subjects whose average hearing threshold were less than 35 dB in high frequency and less than 25 dB in speech frequency were defined as the control group. A nested case-control study which included 572 subjects was carried out, in which subjects consisted of 286 cases and 286 controls. 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CDH23 were selected and genotyped, then we analyzed the association among SNPs in CDH23, haplotypes in CDH23 and NIHL risk. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the main effects of SNPs and the interactions between CNE and SNPs adjusting cumulative noise exposure (CNE) , smoking, drinking, physical exercise and hypertension. Moreover, the association between haplotypes in CDH23 and NIHL risk were also analyzed. We ananlyzed the relationship amongst different SNP groups and NIHL risk using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method.Results:The results suggested that significant associations were observed for rs3802711, rs3752751, rs3752752, rs11592462, rs10762480, rs3747867 for NIHL overall and/or various CNE strata by adjusting CNE, smoking, drinking, physical exercise and blood pressure. For rs3802711, workers exposure to noise carrying the AA/GA genotype of rs3802711 increased risk of NIHL than those carrying GG genotype ( OR=3.121; 95% CI:1.054-9.239, P=0.035) in overall; In the stratified analysis of CNE (>97 dB (A) ·year at rs3802711 locus, workers exposure to noise carrying GA genotype ( OR=2.056; 95% CI:1.226~3.448, P=0.006) and GA+AA/GA genotype ( OR=2.221; 95% CI:1.340~3.681, P=0.002) increased NIHL risk. For rs11592462, workers exposure to noise carrying the GG genotype of rs11592462 increased risk of NIHL than those carrying CC genotype in overall ( OR=3.951; 95% CI:1.104-14.137, P=0.04) ; workers exposure to noise carrying the GG genotype of rs11592462 increased risk of NIHL than those carrying CG+CC genotype in overall ( OR=4.06; 95% CI:1.145-14.391, P=0.03) . After adjusting CNE, smoking, drinking, physical exercise and blood pressure, the haplotypes of CDH23 rs1227049, rs10999947, rs3752752, rs3752751, rs10762480, rs3802711, rs11592462, rs10466026, rs4747194, rs4747195 were not associated with the risk of NIHL. GMDR analysis showed no association between SNP combination and NIHL risk after adjusting CNE, smoking, drinking, physical exercise and blood pressure. Conclusion:Gene polymorphisms in CDH23 might associate significantly with the risk of NIHL.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the association between gene in the potassium recycling pathway 4 (KCNQ4) polymorphisms and the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) , and analysis the effect of cumulative noise exposure (CNE) and noise exposure duration on this association.Methods:A nested case-control study with 1∶1 matched was used based on the cohort of noise exposure in a steel factory. A total of 286 cases were selected as the group of hearing loss and 286 controls were chosen according to the matching standards of same gender, same type of work, age difference ≤ 5 years, noise exposure duration ≤ 2 years. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs4660468, rs4660470, rs34287852 in KCNQ4 were genotyped by SNPscan TM method. The codominant, dominant and recessive models were established to study KCNQ4 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to NIHL by single-factor conditional logistic regression analysis. The COX regression analysis was used to analyze the risk of developing NIHL in individuals with different genotypes along with the extending of noise exposure duration or CNE. Results:In the case of CNE≤96 dB (A) ·year, the risk of developing NIHL in individuals with TA genotype of rs4660470 was 2.197 times than individuals with TT genotypes (95% CI: 1.032~4.677) , and those with TA+AA and TT genotypes (HR=2.467, 95% CI: 1.025~5.934) With the increase of noise exposure duration, in rs4660470, individuals with TA genotype had a higher risk of suffering NIHL than those with TT genotype (HR=1.461, 95% CI: 1.061~2.011) , individuals with TA and/or AA genotype had a earlier risk of suffering NIHL than those with TT genotype. Conclusion:The mutant allele A of rs4660470 in KCNQ4 may be a risk factor for developing NIHL, CNE≤100 dB (A) ·year or the increase of noise exposure duration may further increase the risk of NIHL.