Objective To explore the anxiety status and influencing factors in school-age children with recurrent Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura(HSP).Methods A total of 158 school-age children with recurrent HSP were selected as the study subjects.The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED)was used to assess the anxiety status of the children.Based on the assessment results,the 158 children were divided into anxiety group and non-anxiety group.Univariate and multi-variate logistic regression analyses were employed to screen for the influencing factors of anxiety occur-rence.A logistic regression model was constructed,and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evalu-ate the model's goodness-of-fit.Results Among the 158 children,43 presented anxiety,with an anx-iety incidence rate of 27.22％(43/158).There were significant differences between the anxiety and non-anxiety groups in terms of age,neurotic personality traits,purpura location,the number of purpura recurrences,family care level,educational level of the primary caregiver,monthly per capita household income,and whether the primary caregiver had anxiety or depression(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥10 years(OR=7.192,95％CI,2.450 to 21.114,P＜0.001),neurotic personality traits(OR=5.202,95％CI,1.486 to 18.208,P=0.010),purpura located on the face(OR=5.648,95％CI,1.606 to 19.861,P=0.007),the number of purpura recurrences ≥2 times(OR=5.017,95％CI,1.753 to 14.361,P=0.003),a general family care level(OR=3.809,95％CI,1.153 to 12.579,P=0.028),the primary caregiver having an educational level below junior high school(OR=3.005,95％CI,1.051 to 8.592,P=0.040),the primary care-giver having anxiety(OR=6.484,95％CI,2.140 to 19.647,P=0.001),and the primary care-giver having depression(OR=9.327,95％CI,2.473 to 35.172,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for anxiety occurrence in school-age children with recurrent HSP.A logistic regression prediction model was constructed based on the above risk factors and their regression coefficients.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test results indicated a good model fit(x2=10.363,P=0.169).Conclu-sion Age,neurotic personality traits,purpura location,the number of purpura recurrences,family care level,educational level of the primary caregiver,and whether the primary caregiver has anxiety or depression are influencing factors for anxiety occurrence in school-age children with recurrent HSP.Medical personnel should pay attention to children with high-risk factors for anxiety and formu-late corresponding preventive measures based on the above factors to reduce the anxiety incidence rate in school-age children with recurrent HSP.

This paper analyzed the current situation and research hotspots of user information behavior in online health communities in China, a study of practical and theoretical significance for relevant scholars to learn the forefront of user behavior research in online health communities and better engage in related research. Thanks to literature review, this paper analyzed the research status of user information behavior in online health communities in China, and summarized the main research hotspots. Generally speaking, the research results of user behavior in online health communities in China were rich in volume, yet there remained a gap between China and foreign researches in the depth of research and the breadth of research objects.Future research should focus on making up for these deficiencies.

The link of hedgehog (Hh) signaling activation to human cancer and synthesis of a variety of Hh signaling inhibitors raise great expectation that inhibiting Hh signaling may be effective in human cancer treatment. Cyclopamine (Cyc), an alkaloid from the Veratrum plant, is a specific natural product inhibitor of the Hh pathway that acts by targeting smoothened (SMO) protein. However, its poor solubility, acid sensitivity, and weak potency relative to other Hh antagonists prevent the clinical development of Cyc as a therapeutic agent. Here, we report properties of cyclopamine tartrate salt (CycT) and its activities in Hh signaling-mediated cancer in vitro and in vivo. Unlike Cyc, CycT is water soluble (5-10 mg/mL). The median lethal dose (LD50) of CycT was 62.5 mg/kg body weight compared to 43.5 mg/kg for Cyc, and the plasma half-life (T1/2) of CycT was not significantly different from that of Cyc. We showed that CycT had a higher inhibitory activity for Hh signaling-dependent motor neuron differentiation than did Cyc (IC50 = 50 nmol/L for CycT vs. 300 nmol/L for Cyc). We also tested the antitumor effectiveness of these Hh inhibitors using two mouse models of basal cell carcinomas (K14cre:Ptch1(neo/neo) and K14cre:SmoM2(YFP)). After topical application of CycT or Cyc daily for 21 days, we found that all CycT-treated mice had tumor shrinkage and decreased expression of Hh target genes. Taken together, we found that CycT is an effective inhibitor of Hh signaling-mediated carcinogenesis.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Mice ; Motor Neurons ; cytology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; Smoothened Receptor ; Solubility ; Tartrates ; blood ; pharmacology ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Veratrum ; chemistry ; Veratrum Alkaloids ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology