Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), whose etiology is influenced by genetic and clinical risk factors, considerably impacts women's quality of life. However, the genetic underpinnings in non-European populations and comprehensive risk models integrating genetic and clinical factors remain underexplored. This study constructed the first polygenic risk score (PRS) for POP in the Chinese population by utilizing 20 disease-associated variants from the largest existing genome-wide association study. We analyzed a discovery cohort of 576 cases and 623 controls and a validation cohort of 264 cases and 200 controls. Results showed that the case group exhibited a significantly higher PRS than the control group. Moreover, the odds ratio of the top 10% risk group was 2.6 times higher than that of the bottom 10%. A high PRS was significantly correlated with POP occurrence in women older than 50 years old and in those with one or no childbirths. As far as we know, the integrated prediction model, which combined PRS and clinical risk factors, demonstrated better predictive accuracy than other existing PRS models. This combined risk assessment model serves as a robust tool for POP risk prediction and stratification, thereby offering insights into individualized preventive measures and treatment strategies in future clinical practice.
Humans ; Female ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment/methods* ; China/epidemiology* ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Adult ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genetic Risk Score ; East Asian People

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of the vascularised semi-split fibular flap with lateral approach in ankle fusion.Methods:A total of 54 patients who underwent ankle fusion through the lateral menstrual approach by the Department of Trauma and Micro Orthopaedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2015 to December 2020 was retrospectively analysed. Of the 54 patients, 27 patients who underwent ankle fusion with a semi-split fibular flap carrying blood supply were assigned to the fibular flap group, while other 27 patients who had ankle fusion with lateral plate were assigned to the plate group. The ankle fusions for both groups were performed by the same surgical team. The clinical efficacy of the 2 groups was evaluated by the success rate of bone fusion, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery(AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score System, and the Visual analog score(VAS). All the patients entered the postoperative follow-up at outpatient clinic.Results:The follow-up lasted for 12-24 months, with an average of 15 months. At 6 months after surgery, 24 patients in the fibular flap group achieved osseous union with 88.9% in the success rate of bone fusion. While 17 patients in the plate group achieved osseous union, with the success rate of bone fusion at 63.0%. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups( P<0.05). At 1 year after surgery, all 27 patients in the fibular flap group achieved bony union, with a 100% of the success rate of bone fusion, while 23 patients in the plate group achieved bony union at a 85.2% success rate of bone fusion, with 4 patients failed to heal. The difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). The AOFAS scores of the fibular flap group were 41.3±12.0, 65.6±5.6, and 79.1±7.0 before operation, at 6 months after operation and 1 year after operation, respectively, while the scores for the plate group at the same time were 40.8±11.3, 64.5±4.1 and 69.3±7.2. There was no significant difference in the scores between the groups before surgery and at 6 months after the operation ( P>0.05). The scores at 1 year after surgery in the fibular flap group was significantly higher than the plate group, and there was a statistically significant difference( P<0.05). The preoperative VAS score in the fibular flap group was 7.6±1.3, while it was 7.5±1.1 in the plate group. There was no significant difference between the groups in VAS score( P>0.05). However, the VAS score at 1 year after surgery was found at 1.8±0.9 in the plate group, and 1.9±0.8 in the fibular flap group and the difference between groups was statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:The surgical procedure of semi-split fibular flap through the lateral approach has lower complications and higher success rate in ankle fusion in comparison with those of the fusion with lateral plate. Thus, further clinical investigations can be considered.

Objective To investigate the surgical outcomes of one-stage repair of the ankle fracture combined with grade Ⅲ injury to the lateral ligament.Methods From April 2015 to December 2017,23 patients with ankle fracture and lateral ligament injury were treated at Department of Traumatic Reconstruction Surgery/Foot and Ankle Surgery,Zhongnan Hospital.There were 15 males and 8 females,aged from 18 to 65 years (average,37.8 years).After intraoperative treatment of their fractures,22 ruptures of the ligamentous insertion were repaired with suture anchor and one rupture of the middle ligament with Internal Brace.Routine postoperative X-rays,physical examination and Sefton grading system were used to evaluate the stability of the ankle joint and the subtalar joint.The Karlsson-Peterson and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were used to evaluate the function and pain of the ankle.Results The follow-up for this cohort ranged from 12 to 24 months (average,13.9 months).The bone union time ranged from 6 to 24 weeks,averaging 10.1 weeks.There was no chronic instability of lateral ankle or subtalar joint in all the cases.Two cases developed osteochondral lesion of the medial talus which was treated with micro-fracture surgery one year after injury;one case suffered subtalar arthritis which was treated by subtalar arthrodesis 14 months after injury.Their Karlsson-Peterson scores averaged 84.6 points and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores 93.7 points with 19 excellent and 4 good cases.The Sefton grading system gave 9 cases of grade Ⅰ and 14 ones of grade Ⅱ.Conclusion One-stage repair of the ankle fracture combined with grade Ⅲ injury to the lateral ligament can lead to the stability of the ankle joint and the subtalar joint and improved function of the ankle.

Objective To compare internal fixation with hallow compression screws combined vascularized bone graft(observation group) with only three hallow compression screws(control group) in young patients' Garden III and IV femoral neck fractures. Methods The patients with femoral neck fracture were treated from January, 2004 to December, 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 417 displaced femoral neck fractures in young and mid-dle-aged patients were long term followed-up. One hundred and thirty-seven patients were underwent open reduction and internal fixation with 3 hallow compression screws combined with a greater trochanter bone graft supported by the profound branch of medial circumflex femoral artery;280 patients were treated by closed reduction with 3 hallow com-pression screws. Results Patients had been followed-up for 5-12 years. At the last follow-up point, the Harris score of flap in observation group(93.68±5.12) were higher than that in control group(92.53±6.12), while it was no sta-tistical difference(P>0.05). It was 0.7％of nonunion incidence rate in the observation group, and incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head was 6.6％, and incidence of femoral neck shortening was 8.8％. In the control group, inci-dence of avascular necrosis of femoral head was 14.6％, nonunion incidence rate was 4.6％, and incidence of femoral neck shortening was 22.5％. The differences between two groups was statistically significance( P<0.05). Conclusion The open reduction and internal fixation which is hallow compression screws in combination with a greater trochanter bone graft supported by the profound branch of medial circumflex femoral artery is an optimal treatment for young adults with Garden III and IV femoral neck fractures.

Objective To investigate the clinical effectivity of the muscular flap transposition and induced membrane technique in the emergency treatment for the limb salvage of Gustilo type Ⅲ B/C open fracture of lower leg. Methods From July, 2015 to December, 2017, 10 cases of Gustilo type Ⅲ B/C fracture of lower leg with bone defects were performed limb salvage surgery. Induced membrane technique was used to fill the bone defects in the emergency room.The gastrocnemius and/or soleus muscular flaps were transposed to cover the bone cement or ex-posed bone simultaneously in emergence treatment. After the wound healed completely, traditional bone grafting was used to repair the bone defects. There were 4 cases of Gustilo type Ⅲ B and 6 cases of Gustilo type Ⅲ C. The aver-age length of bone defect was (5.25±1.70) cm ranging from 3.0 cm to 11.0 cm. The gastrocnemius medial head flaps were performed in 5 cases, the combined application with the gastrocnemius medial head flaps and the medial hemimuscular flaps of soleus were performed in 2 cases, and medial hemimuscular flaps of soleus were transposed in 3 cases. Results The wounds in 6 cases were healed at one stage, but 2 cases healed by dressing because the exudate after skin grafting.In 1 case, the cross-leg flap was used to cover the exposed bone cement due to the necro-sis of soleus flap. The other 1 was performed the transposition of the lateral gastrocnemius flaps because the exposure of bone cement after the necrosis of the upper and lateral muscles in lower leg. In the second-stage, the bone defects were reconstructed by traditional bone grafting. The average healed time of bone was 7.2 months ranging from 5 months to 9 months. At the last followed-up time, all patients recovered their function of weight-bearing. The Paley's score of the adjacent joints: excellent in 8 cases and good in 2 cases. Conclusion The combination with induced membrane technique and local muscular flap transposition in emergency surgery is an effective method to limb salvage for the Gustilo type Ⅲ B/C open fracture of lower leg.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of three-stage Masquelet technique in the treatment of infective bone defects of foot and ankle.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted on the clinical data of 19 patients with infective bone defects of foot and ankle admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2014 to October 2017.There were 15 males and four females,aged 18-68 years [(39.6 ± 12.3)years].Among the patients,16 patients were infected with bacteria and three patients were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The infection involved humeral end,talus and surrounding joints in 14 patients,internal hemorrhoids in two patients,midfoot and interphalangeal joints in one patient,and humerus and metatarsophalangeal joints in two.The operation included three stages:the first stage was thorough debridement,supplemented with negative pressure closed drainage (VSD) and continuous washing to clarify the pathogenic bacteria;the second stage was to fill the bone defect with targeted antibiotic bone cement to prevent or treat infection;in the third stage,after filling the antibiotic bone cement for 3 months with no sign of local wound infection,the bone cement was taken out,and the bone reconstruction operation was performed by means of internal fixation and bone grafting.The flap survival and wound healing were observed,and the time of fracture healing was recorded.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) were used to evaluate the improvement of the function of the foot and ankle before operation and at the last follow-up,and the bone healing was evaluated according to the radiographic union scale in tibial (RUST) fractures.Results The patients were followed up for 9-12 months [(11.1 ±1.0) months].Two patients with soft tissue defects caused by preoperative infection and necrosis received posterior tibial artery perforator flap and anterolateral thigh flap repair in the second stage,and the flaps all survived.The postoperative bone healing time was 3 7 months [(3.5 ± 1.4)months].Nineteen patients underwent three-stage surgery,and the ankle and foot wound or sinus tract were all healed,with no infection recurrence during follow-up.At the last follow-up,the AOFAS score was improved significantly from preoperative (36.3 s-12.1) points to (71.4 ± 5.7) points (P ＜ 0.05).The VAS was decreased significantly from preoperative (5.3 ± 1.2) points to (1.4 ± 0.9) points (P ＜ 0.05).The RUST bone healing score at the last follow-up was 8-12 points [(10.2 ± 1.1) points].Conclusion In treating the infective bone defects of foot and ankle,the three-stage Masquelet technique can effectively control infection,facilitate wound healing,promote bone union,and improve foot and ankle function.

Objective: To investigate the value of bedside echocardiography in diagnosis and risk assessment of in-hospital death of patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods: The clinical data of 229 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection diagnosed by CT angiography in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University between January 2009 and January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into survival group(191 cases)and non-survival group(38 cases)according to presence or absence of in-hospital death. The bedside echocardiography features were analyzed, and influence factors of in-hospital death were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: (1) Compared with the survival group, the non-survival group had lower surgery rate (60.52%(23/38) vs. 85.34%(163/191), P<0.01). Age, gender and Debakey classification were similar between survival group and death group (all P>0.05). (2) The bedside echocardiography results showed that prevalence of aortic valve involvement(65.79%(25/38) vs.34.03%(65/191), P<0.01) and severe aortic regurgitation (44.74%(17/38) vs. 14.14%(27/191), P<0.01) were significantly higher in non-survival group than in survival group. The non-survival group had larger aortic root diameter than the survival group ((55.5±6.4)mm vs. (42.3±7.8)mm, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in pericardial effusion, expansion of aortic sinus, and left ventricular ejection fraction between survival group and non-survival group (all P>0.05). (3) The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aortic valve involvement(OR=3.275, 95%CI 1.290-8.313, P<0.05), aortic root diameter(OR=1.202, 95%CI 1.134-1.275, P<0.01), and surgery (OR=0.224, 95%CI 0.079-0.629, P<0.01) were independent risk factors for in-hospital death in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. Conclusions Bedside echocardiography has significant diagnostic value for Stanford type A aortic dissection. Aortic valve involvement, enlargement of aortic root diameter and without surgery are independent risk factors for patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of laparoscope combined with choledochoscopic lithotomy for cholangiolithiasis.MethodsClinical data of 172 patients with cholangiolithiasis treated in the Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province between January 2009 and June 2014 were retrospectively studied. Among the 172 patients, 65 were males and 107 were females with the average age of (44±7) years old. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval had been received. According to the different surgical procedures, the patients were divided into the laparoscope combined with choledochoscopic lithotomy group (minimally invasive group,n=85) and the traditional open lithotomy group (traditional group,n=87). The patients in the minimally invasive group underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration + choledochoscopic lithotomy, while the patients in the traditional group underwent open common bileduct exploration + T-tube drainage. The perioperative conditions, postoperative complications and surgical curative effect of the two groups were compared. The data of the two groups were compared usingt test , Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test.Results The intraoperative blood loss of the minimally invasive group was (76±20) ml, which was significantly lower than (206±87) ml of the traditional group (t=-13.42,P<0.05). The postoperative evacuation time, defecation time and time of recovery to semi-liquid diet were respectively (2.4±1.0), (4.2±2.1) and (4.5±1.0) d, which were signiifcantly shorter than (3.5±1.5), (5.3±1.4) and (4.9±1.5) d of the traditional group (t=-5.645,-4.051,-2.053;P<0.05). The postoperative length of hospital stay of the minimally invasive group was (7.3±2.5) d, which was signiifcantly shorter than (9.5±2.7) d of the traditional group (t=-5.542,P<0.05). The incidence of incision fat liquefaction or poor healing of the minimally invasive group was 1% (1/85), which was significantly lower than 8% (7/87) of the traditional group (χ2=4.575,P<0.05). The cure rate of the minimally invasive group and the traditional group was both 91% and no signiifcant difference was observed (χ2=0.002,P>0.05). ConclusionsLaparoscope combined with choledochoscopic lithotomy for cholangiolithiasis has the same efifcacy with open lithotomy and has the advantages of high safety, quick postoperative recovery and short length of hospital stay.

Objective To investigate the choice of methods and time on the treatment of Gustilo type Ⅲ B and type ⅢC open tibia fractures by bone fixation and tissue flap repairing.Methods The clinic data of 136 cases of Gustilo Ⅲ B and Ⅲ C open tibia fractures were retrospectively studied.There were 102 males and 34 females,with average age of 34 years(range 14 to 68 years).Ninety-eight cases were classified as Gustilo type Ⅲ B and 38 cases were type Ⅲ C in degree.In all cases,one hundred and thirteen were treated with onestage external fixation,ninteen cases were treated with secondary bone fixation.Sixty-seven cases of all wounds were repaired by one-stage vascular pedicle skin flap.Seven wounds were repaired by one-stage free flaps with vascular anastomosis.Sixty-two cases were secondary repaired by different flaps after defect tissue under VSD (vacuum-sealing-drainage) treatment by 1 to several weeks,which contains 9 free skin graft,eleven muscle flaps based on posterior tibial artery perforator,thirteen flaps based on fibial artery perforator,fourteen gastrocnemius falps and 15 cross-leg flaps.Results Wound of all cases were healed wholly.Primary union occurred in 121 cases,twelve,cases healed after bone grafting for segmental bone defect.Three cases with delayed union healed after reoperation for infection that caused osteomyelitis and sinus tract.The period of bone healing was form 5 to 12 months.Conclusion The treatment of Gustilo Ⅲ B and Ⅲ C open tibia fractures by onestage or secondary bone fixation and tissue flap repairing get their advantages and disadvantages,but one-stage bone fixation and tissue flap repairing was better where appropriate.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of NGF on apoptosis of HSC in vitro and explore the possible mechanism.MethodsHSC was incubated with different concentrations of NGF.HSC apoptosis was identified by FCM.The expressions of apoptosis-regulating proteins Caspase-3,p53 and Bcl-2 of HSC after apoptosis induced by NGF were examined by immunohistochemical staining.Expressions of NGF and p75NTR were detected by immunofluorescence.ResultsApoptosis index of HSC was higher than that of control group [(22.36±9.51)％ vs (5.88±1.36)％] after treated with NGF (100 ng/ml) (P＜0.05).After incubating with 100 ng/ml NGF for 24 h,the positive expression rates of p53 and Caspase-3 of HSC increased significantly than those of control group [(78.41±4.00)％ vs (34.96±3.84)％,(39.26±1.57)％ vs (9.27±1.01)％,P ＜0.05].The positive expression rate of Bcl-2 protein of HSC significantly decreased compared with that of control group (18.12±1.38)％ vs (91.53±2.98)％ (P＜0.05).When HSC was stimulated with 100 ng/ml NGF for 24 h,the average optical density of NGF increased significantly than control group (6.53±1.40 vs 1.77±0.17) (P＜0.05),while the expression of p75NTR was not significantly changed (3.52±0.36 vs 4.24±0.38) (P＞0.05).ConclusionsThe mechanism of NGF to induce HSC apoptosis may be associated with the up-regulating expression of Caspase3,P53 and down-regulating expression of Bcl-2 on HSC.NGF could be used as an initiating factor and effect factor to increase the expression of NGF on HSC,but it had no significant effect on p75NTR expression.