Objective:To construct a scientific and systematic indicator system for the ideological and political construction of medical professional courses in military medical universities, and to provide a reference for the teaching management department of military medical universities to guide and manage the ideological and political construction of courses, as well as for medical professional course instructors to carry out the ideological and political teaching of courses.Methods:On the basis of literature research and case studies, a framework of the indicator system was established for the ideological and political construction of medical professional courses in military medical universities, and six experts in the field of military medical education were invited for pre-consultation. A preliminary draft of the indicator system was formed after discussion within the research group. A total of 25 experts, who had intermediate or above professional titles and long-term experience in military medical education, teaching and management, military academy education management, and military ideological and political education in military academies, were invited to conduct two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and a statistical analysis was performed for the consultation results to determine the indicator system for the ideological and political construction of medical professional courses in military medical universities. The percentage weight method and the product method were used to calculate the weight coefficient of each indicator and combined weight coefficient.Results:In the two rounds of expert consultation, the expert positivity coefficient was 100%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.883, and the Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.254 and 0.268, respectively ( P<0.05). Finally, an indicator system was established for the ideological and political construction of medical professional courses in military medical universities, which consisted of 5 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators, and 31 tertiary indicators. The 5 primary indicators were the teaching objectives, teaching team, teaching resources, teaching implementation, and teaching effect of curriculum ideology and politics, with a weight coefficient of 0.210, 0.202, 0.197, 0.202, and 0.189, respectively. Conclusions:The indicator system constructed in this study is scientific, reliable, systematic, and comprehensive and has a certain guiding significance for the ideological and political construction of medical professional courses in military medical universities.

In order to provide basic information for the utilization and development of famous classical formulas containing Bletillae Rhizoma， this article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， harvesting and processing of Bletillae Rhizoma by reviewing the ancient materia medica， prescription books， medical books and modern literature. The research results showed that Baiji（白及） was the main name， some scholars took Baiji（白芨） as its main name， and there were many other names such as Baiji（白给）， Baigen（白根）， Baiji（白苙）. The mainstream source of Bletillae Rhizoma was the tubers of Bletilla striata， and drying， large， white， solid， root-free and skin removed completely were the good quality standards. With the promotion of wild to cultivated medicinal materials， there were certain differences between their traits， and the quality evaluation indexes should be adjusted accordingly. The origin of records in the past dynasties was widely distributed， with Guizhou and Sichuan having high production and good quality in modern times. The harvesting period is mostly in spring and autumn， and harvested in autumn was better. The processing and processing technology is relatively simple， and it was used fresh or powdered in past dynasties， while it is mainly sliced for raw use in modern times. Based on the results， it is suggested that the tubers of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae should be used in the famous classical formulas， and it should be uniformly written as Baiji（白及）. And if the original formula indicates the requirement of processing， it should be operated according to the requirement， if the requirement of processing is not indicated， it can be used in raw form as medicine.

The ideological and political construction of medical courses reveals the educational essence of "truth, goodness, and beauty" in medicine. Scientificity and humanity are the embodiment of "seeking truth" and "advocating goodness" in medicine, and the unity of their content and form reaches the highest level of "advocating beauty". Studying the ideological and political construction of medical courses plays an important role in implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, and carrying out the Healthy China initiative. In terms of teaching objectives, the goals of ideological and political education in medical courses should not only include the goals of basic literacy goals, such as political literacy, cultural literacy, legal literacy, and moral cultivation, but also include professional literacy goals, such as medical humanistic cultivation. Thus, a "five in one" model of ideological and political education in medical courses will be established. In the practical path, it is suggested to explore from five aspects that changing the educational concept and strengthening the educational awareness, establishing teaching objectives and clarifying education direction, digging deeply into the ideological and political elements and clearing teaching content, innovating teaching methods and improving teaching effectiveness, and constructing evaluation indicators and evaluating teaching effectiveness scientifically.

Objective:To explore the research hotspot and development trend of ideological and political education of medical courses , analyze the existing problem, and provide a reference for the future development of ideological and political education of medical courses.Methods:The CNKI database was searched for the literature on ideological and political education of medical courses included from 2017 to 2021. Excel and CiteSpace were used for visual analysis of the publication time, publication quantity, main authors, research institutions, keywords, and mutated words of 1 257 articles included in the study.Results:In recent five years, the number of articles on ideological and political education of medical courses was on the rise; Zhao Wenxing, Liu Ruiting, and Yang Hongmei published a relatively large number of papers, while Heze Medical College, Fujian Health College, and Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences published a relatively large number of papers. Keywords with high frequency included "teaching reform, "biochemistry", and "ideological and political education". The keywords with strong mediating centrality included "practical teaching", "ideological and political course", "medical English", and "humanistic quality". The keywords with high mutation intensity included ideological and political education, ideological and political curriculum, and professional quality.Conclusion:The ideological and political education is currently a hotspot of medical education. The current research topics include teaching reform and teaching practice. Clarifying the logic of curriculum ideological and political evaluation and gradually building the evaluation system and mechanism of curriculum ideological and political evaluation will be a hot research topic in the future.

Objective : To investigate the role of early inhibition of Toll⁃like receptor 4 (TLR4) in regulating hippampal neuroimmune responseto adolescent ratsafter neonatal hypoxic⁃ischemic brain damage(HIBD) . Methods: Postnatal day 7 rats were randomized into controlgroup , hypoxic ischemia (HI) group , and HI + TAK⁃242( the specific inhibitor of TLR4)(TAK⁃242) group. The expression of TLR4 in rat hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry at 3 days after HI. Immunofluorescence were used to determine the number of Iba⁃1 + , GFAP + , CD161 + , MPO + and CD3 + cells in the hippocampus at 21 days after HI. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ICAM⁃1 and C3a expression in the hippocampal CA1 region ; and Western blot was used to detect tumor necrosis factor interleukin IL⁃1β , TNF⁃α and IL⁃10 expression. Results : Compared with control group , significantly raised TLR4 expression was observed in the left hippocampal CA1 , CA3 and DG regions(P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05) , while the expression in the TAK⁃242 group lowered compared to the HI group (P < 0. 05) . The number of GFAP + cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in the TAK⁃242 group of neonatal rats decreased compared to which in the HI group at 21 days after HI(P < 0. 05) , but the number of CD3 + T lymphocytes in the hippocampal CA1 area of new born rats in the HI group increased compared to which in the Control group (P < 0. 05) , but the difference between TAK⁃242 and the Control group was not statistically significant. The number of Iba⁃1 + cells , MPO + cells , CD161 + cells , the expression of ICAM⁃1 and C3a in hippocampal CA1 region , and the expression of TNF⁃α , IL⁃1β and IL⁃10 in hippocampus of rats were not different among groups at 21 days after HIBD. Conclusion Early inhibition of TLR4 may ameliorate adolescent neuroimmune disorders by reducing the increase of hippocampal astrocytesafter neonatal HIBD.

Objective:To explore the application effect and learning experience of the medical MOOCs teaching design model based on live streaming platform constructed by the research group in its previous research.Methods:The preparation of the design patterns from the teaching, teaching activities and teaching evaluation of the three dimensions based on the questionnaire, and 368 junior undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine in Batch 2018 of Army Medical University who had applied the online teaching of medical MOOC instructional design mode based on live broadcast platform were selected as the survey objects. And learners' satisfaction and learning experience with this teaching model was analyzed. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test. Results:In the study, 74.2% (273/368) of the learners believed that the teaching design model of medical MOOCs based on live streaming platform had good effect and was helpful to themselves; 60.6% (223/368) of the learners had a high degree of satisfaction, with good teaching effect feedback. In terms of the mastery of MOOCs knowledge content, the final English score of the experimental group (429.03±35.86) was better than that of the control group (401.87±25.85), with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The teaching design model of medical MOOCs based on live streaming platform is applicable, and helpful to improve online learning experience, solve the problem of insufficient interaction in MOOCs learning, and provide practical basis and method reference for the innovative application of teaching model in medical colleges and universities in China.

ObjectiveTo reveal the pharmacological mechanisms of astragaloside Ⅳ（AS-Ⅳ）in treating diabetic retinopathy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking and to provide reference for new drug development and mechanism research. MethodPotential targets of AS-Ⅳ were obtained from SwissTargetPrediction and Targetnet. The targets of diabetic retinopathy were screened using GeneCards，Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM） and Therapeutic Target Database. The targets of AS-Ⅳ and diabetic retinopathy were intersected by Venny 2.1.0. STRING platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2 were used to construct protein-protein interaction（PPI） network and screen core targets， respectively. Then，Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Furthermore，the binding affinity of AS-Ⅳ to key target receptors was assessed by molecular docking with Autodock Vina， and the key target signaling transduction pathway was ResultA total of 56 intersected targets of AS-Ⅳ and diabetic retinopathy were found，and the top five key targets were obtained through PPI network analysis：protein kinase B（Akt）1，vascular endothelial growth factor A（VEGFA），epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR），Src and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3）. Molecular docking verified the strong binding affinity of AS-Ⅳ to the five key target receptors. In addition，in vitro tests have been confirmed that AS-Ⅳ attenuated high glucose-induced injury in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 by regulating Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β（GSK-3β）signaling pathways. ConclusionThere was a significant overlap in the targets of AS-Ⅳ and diabetic retinopathy. The key targets and pathways may reveal the main pharmacological mechanism of AS-Ⅳ in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective:To explore the learning experience of the medical massive open online course (MOOC) teaching design standard system constructed by the research group in the early stage.Methods:In this study, the questionnaire was adapted from four dimensions: academic analysis, curriculum content design, teaching process design, and teaching evaluation design, including 519 students majoring in clinical medicine of a university who had studied MOOC cases like "Ultra-early Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction" based on the system. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:The system had a high degree of recognition in all dimensions, with 64.5% of academic analysis, 57.6% of content design, 54.5% of teaching design process, and 59.3% of teaching evaluation design.Conclusion:The study has found that the medical MOOC teaching design system has good learning experience effect. According to the data feedback, the key teaching design points such as the core factors of learning experience analysis and the suitability of teaching content in the practical operation of teaching design has been explored, providing the practical basis and method reference for the design of medical MOOC teaching design.

Liver cirrhosis is common in clinical practice and is the common clinical outcome of various chronic liver diseases including chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Before the development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), anti-HCV therapy based on pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN.) and ribavirin (RBV) has a poor clinical effect due to the presence of liver cirrhosis, and decompensated liver cirrhosis itself is an absolute contraindication for PEG-IFN treatment. DAAs have gradually become the first-line drug for HCV infection, and many studies have shown that DAAs have good clinical effects and tolerability in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with HCV infection. On the one hand, DAAs have better clinical effect and safety than PEG-IFN/RBV in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis; on the other hand, patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis are tolerant to DAAs, and although they have a lower proportion of patients with sustained virologic response than normal patients, they can still benefit from DAAs from many aspects. This article reviews the latest research advances in DAAs in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis, in order to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To provide a basis for specific intervention by dynamic observation of the households'related health life behavior and the children fluorosis change trend caused by the coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Pu'an County.Methods Three villages were chosen using simple random sampling method in 2011-2013 for continuous monitoring.Every monitoring year in each monitoring village,according to the principle of every household survey,10 households were selected to survey related health life behavior;,and in the monitoring village all the children aged 8-12 years old were selected for Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis (WS/T 208-2001),and in each age group,10 urine samples (half male half female) were collected,the fluoride content was determined by the ion selective electrode method (WS/T 89-1996).Results In 2011-2013,the households stoves qualified rate,stoves correct usage rate and the corn or chili correct drying rate were all 100.00％ (30/30).The dental fluorosis incidences of 8-12 years old children were 63.60％ (332/522),25.44％ (173/680) and 14.29％ (80/560),respectively,decreased year by year (x2 =324.67,P ＜ 0.05).In 2011-2013,children urinary fluoride levels were 0.83,0.84 and 0.68 mg/L,respectively.The difference between years was statistically significant (x2 =26.89,P ＜ 0.05),and the level in 2013 was significantly lower than those of 2011 and 2012 (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion In 2011-2013,the residents in Pu'an have good health life behavior,and the condition of children's dental fluorosis is decreased year by year.