Objective:To construct a stable oral squamous cell carinoma(OSCC)cell line overexpressing miR-181a-5p,and to ob-serve the effects of miR-181a-5p on the biological behavior of the cells.Methods:miR-181a-5p lentivirus and the control virus vec-tor were respectively constructed and respectively transfected into OSCC CAL-27 cells.The stablely transfected cells(OE)and con-trol cells(NC)were screened out by purinomycin.The fluorescence of the cells was observed by laser confocal microscopy.The ex-pression of miR-181a-5p and Bcl-2 was detected by qRT-PCR and the expression of target protein Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot.The invasion,migration and proliferation ability of the cells were detected by cell scratch,Transwell assay and clonal formation assay.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the related genes of cell invasion and migration.Results:It was found that the expression level of miR-181a-5p in OE cells was significantly higher than that in NC and untransfected control cells(P＜0.01).The expression of Bcl-2 in OE cells was significantly decreased.The invasion,migration and proliferation of OE cells were decreased.In ad-dition,the expression levels of MMP2,MMP9,Vimentin and Ki67 in OE cells were decreased,while E-cadherin was increased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Overexpression of miR-181a-5p can significantly inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration OSCC cells.

Objective To investigate the lung protection effect of remazolam under lung protection ventilation strategy in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery.Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 60 patients aged 60 years or older who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery,including cholecystectomy,common bile duct choledocholithotomy,partial hepatectomy,and subtotal gastrectomy from October 2023 to October 2024.The patients were divided into 2 groups by random number table method:30 patients in the observation group received lung protective ventilation strategy and remazolam administration,and 30 patients in the control group received lung protective ventilation strategy and propofol administration.The inflammatory response indexes(TNF-α,IL-6,and hs-CRP),stress indexes(SOD,NE,and Cor),anesthesia quality(VAS score and Ramsay score),lung function(FVC,FEV1,and MVV％),blood gas indexes(pH,Lac,PaO2,and PaCO2),recovery quality(tracheal tube extubation time,respiratory recovery time,and awakening time),and pulmonary complications were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the serum levels of inflammatory markers of TNF-α,IL-6,and hs-CRP at 2,12,and 24 h postoperatively were all lower than those in the control group(all P=0.000).Regarding stress response indicators,the serum SOD levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at 2,12,and 24 h postoperatively,while the NE and Cor levels were lower(all P=0.000).The VAS scores at 24 h postoperatively,and the Ramsay scores at 2 and 24 h postoperatively in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(all P=0.000).In the observation group,the FVC,FEV1,and MVV％were all higher than those in the control group at 48 h postoperatively(P＜0.05).The PaO2 level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at 24 h postoperatively,and the Lac level was lower(P＜0.05).The respiratory recovery time and awakening time in the observation group were both shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in extubation time and pulmonary complications(P＞0.05).Conclusions The lung protection effect of remazolam under lung protection ventilation strategy is better than that of propofol in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery.The lung protective effects may be achieved by alleviating perioperative stress response,improving oxygenation function,effective sedation,and reducing inflammatory response.

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the analytical performance and clinical application value of an acridinium ester-based chemiluminescence assay for detecting heparin-binding protein (HBP), providing more accurate laboratory evidence for the early diagnosis of infections and sepsis. The analytical performance of the HBP detection kit based on acridinium ester chemiluminescence was verified in Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in January 2024 to June 2024, including limit of blank (LoB), accuracy, precision, linear range, anti-interference ability, and clinical diagnostic concordance. The potential of this assay in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of sepsis was assessed. HBP levels were measured in 97 patients with sepsis and 160 healthy controls, and intergroup differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that the LoB of the HBP detection kit based on acridinium ester chemiluminescence was 0.10 RLU, and low-concentration sample testing showed good discrimination. In the accuracy evaluation, the regression equation between the test reagent and the comparator was y=1.015 2 x-2.850 8 (R2=0.995 1). For precision, the CV in intra-assay was ≤3.51%, and the CV in inter-assay was ≤4.18%. Within the linear range of 0.42-493.46 ng/ml, the regression equation was y=0.996 9 x+3.066 0 (R2=0.999 1). In interference experiments, the relative deviation was <3%. Clinically, the median HBP concentration in the sepsis group (median: 121.1 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in the control group (median: 6.3 ng/ml, P<0.000 1), with a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.97% and specificity of 96.25%. Age stratification had no effect on HBP levels ( U=448 ,P=0.780 0). In conclusion,the acridinium ester-based chemiluminescence assay requires only about 10 minutes to complete the detection and deliver results, demonstrating acceptable sensitivity, precision, and anti-interference capability. Its wide linear range and rapid detection meet emergency testing needs. Clinical validation confirms HBP′s extremely high sensitivity and specificity for sepsis diagnosis, supporting its role as a key marker for early diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a treasure of the Chinese nation, plays a significant role in maintaining public health. In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed for the first time the establishment of a TCM registration and evaluation evidence system that integrates TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials (referred to as the "Three-in-One" System) to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. Subsequently, the National Medical Products Administration issued several guiding principles to advance the improvement and implementation of this system. Owing to the complexity of its implementation, there are still differing understandings within the TCM industry regarding the positioning of the "Three-in-One" Registration and Evaluation Evidence System, as well as the connotation and value orientation of the "personal experience." To address this, Academician WANG Qi, President of the TCM Association, China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare and TCM master, led a group of academicians, TCM masters, TCM pharmacology experts and clinical TCM experts to convene a "Seminar on Promoting the Implementation of the ′Three-in-One′ Registration and Evaluation Evidence System for Chinese Medicinals." Through extensive discussions, an expert consensus was formed, clarifying the different roles of the TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials within the system. It was further emphasized that the "personal experience" is the core of this system, and its data should be derived from clinical practice scenarios. In the future, the improvement of this system will require collaborative efforts across multiple fields to promote the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal industry.

The HDAs (a subfamily of histone deacetylases), a class of Zn²⁺-dependent histone deacetylases, are highly homologous to the reduced potassium dependency 3 (RPD3) in yeast. HDAs extensively regulate chromosome stability, gene transcription, and protein activity by catalyzing the removal of acetyl group from histone and non-histone lysine residues. HDA-mediated deacetylation is essential for plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. We review the research progress in HDAs regarding the discovery, structures, classification, deacetylation process, and roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. Furthermore, this paper prospects the future research on HDAs, aiming to provide theoretical support for the research on epigenetic regulation mediated by HDAs.
Histone Deacetylases/classification* ; Zinc/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological/physiology* ; Plants/genetics*

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-degradation process in eukaryotes. It not only plays a role in plant growth and development but also is involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants can initiate autophagy to degrade the surplus or damaged cytoplasmic materials and organelles, thus coping with abiotic and biotic stresses. The initiation of autophagy depends on autophagy-related genes (ATGs). The transcription factors can directly bind to the promoters of ATGs to activate autophagy and regulate their transcriptional levels and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, ATGs can directly or indirectly interact with plant hormones to regulate plant responses to stresses. When plants are exposed to salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiencies, and pathogen stress, ATGs are significantly induced, which enhances the autophagy activity to facilitate the degradation of the denatured and misfolded proteins, thereby enhancing plant tolerance to adversity stresses. This article summarizes the discovery, structures, and classification of plant ATGs, reviews the research progress in the mechanisms of ATGs in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, and prospects the future research directions. This review is expected to provide the genetic resources and a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of crops in responses to stress tolerance.
Autophagy/physiology* ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plants/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Genes, Plant ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Droughts

Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is one of the highly conserved Ca²⁺ non-dependent serine/threonine protein kinases, playing a crucial role in regulating the stress responses, growth, and development of plants. SnRK1 is a three-subunit complex, and it is involved in responding to the signaling transduction induced by low-energy/low-sugar conditions. SnRK1 responds biotic and abiotic stress conditions (such as salt, drought, low/high temperatures, and diseases) through phosphorylation of key metabolic enzymes and regulatory proteins, regulation of transcription, and interactions with other proteins. Furthermore, SnRK1 is not only involved in hormone signaling pathways mediated by abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), but also regulates plant autophagy by inhibiting the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR). In this review, we summarized the current results of research on the discovery, structure, and classification of plant SnRK1 and its roles in the stress responses, growth, and development of plants. Furthermore, this article proposes the directions of future research. This review provides good genetic resources and a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement and biological breeding for enhancing the stress tolerance of crops.
Stress, Physiological/physiology* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; Plant Development/genetics* ; Signal Transduction ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/physiology* ; Plants/metabolism* ; Arabidopsis Proteins/physiology* ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism*

Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are a group of Ser/Thr protein kinases, playing a crucial role in the growth, development, and stress responses of plants. CIPKs can undergo autophosphorylation or target the phosphorylation of other signaling factors in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, they are involved in the signaling pathways of plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), ethylene (ETH), and salicylic acid (SA) to regulate plant growth and development. Furthermore, CIPKs respond to stresses such as salinity, drought, cold, and heavy metals by forming complexes through specific interactions with CBLs. In this study, we summarized the discovery, structures, classification, regulatory mechanisms, and roles of CIPKs in plant responses to stresses and made an outlook on the future research directions. This review is expected to provide genetic resources and theoretical foundations for the genetic improvement and breeding of crops with stress tolerance.
Stress, Physiological/physiology* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Plants/metabolism*

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the analytical performance and clinical application value of an acridinium ester-based chemiluminescence assay for detecting heparin-binding protein (HBP), providing more accurate laboratory evidence for the early diagnosis of infections and sepsis. The analytical performance of the HBP detection kit based on acridinium ester chemiluminescence was verified in Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in January 2024 to June 2024, including limit of blank (LoB), accuracy, precision, linear range, anti-interference ability, and clinical diagnostic concordance. The potential of this assay in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of sepsis was assessed. HBP levels were measured in 97 patients with sepsis and 160 healthy controls, and intergroup differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that the LoB of the HBP detection kit based on acridinium ester chemiluminescence was 0.10 RLU, and low-concentration sample testing showed good discrimination. In the accuracy evaluation, the regression equation between the test reagent and the comparator was y=1.015 2 x-2.850 8 (R2=0.995 1). For precision, the CV in intra-assay was ≤3.51%, and the CV in inter-assay was ≤4.18%. Within the linear range of 0.42-493.46 ng/ml, the regression equation was y=0.996 9 x+3.066 0 (R2=0.999 1). In interference experiments, the relative deviation was <3%. Clinically, the median HBP concentration in the sepsis group (median: 121.1 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in the control group (median: 6.3 ng/ml, P<0.000 1), with a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.97% and specificity of 96.25%. Age stratification had no effect on HBP levels ( U=448 ,P=0.780 0). In conclusion,the acridinium ester-based chemiluminescence assay requires only about 10 minutes to complete the detection and deliver results, demonstrating acceptable sensitivity, precision, and anti-interference capability. Its wide linear range and rapid detection meet emergency testing needs. Clinical validation confirms HBP′s extremely high sensitivity and specificity for sepsis diagnosis, supporting its role as a key marker for early diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety profile of antaitasvir phosphate combined with yiqibuvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of various genotypes, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:394 cases with CHC from 22 centers were collected from October 2021 to April 2023. They were randomly assigned to receive either the experimental drugs (antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg) or placebo treatment in a 3∶1 ratio. The patients were administered drugs once a day for 12 consecutive weeks, and then followed up for 24 weeks after treatment cessation. All subjects were unblinded at the four-week follow-up following drug discontinuation, with the experimental drug group continuing to complete subsequent post-discontinuation follow-up. The placebo group was switched to receive the experimental drugs for a repeated 12-week treatment period and followed up for another 24 weeks after discontinuation of the drug (placebo delayed treatment phase).The sustained virologic response rate (SVR12) was observed for subjects in the double-blind phase and the placebo delayed-treatment phase at 12 weeks after treatment cessation.Virological resistance analysis was performed on subjects who failed treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The number and percentage of subjects who achieved "HCV RNA