Objective:To analyze the genetic mutation characteristics of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency among infants in Kunming.Methods:A total of 15 533 infants (7 994 males and 7 539 females) born in Kunming from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, with an age range of 2 to 44 days, were selected. G6PD enzyme activity and gene mutation types were detected using fluorescence quantitative analysis, multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA), and Sanger sequencing. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used for quantitative analysis of a newly identified variant family to determine the mutant allele proportion in family members. Meanwhile,the protein structure model and pathogenicity prediction of the novel variant were analyzed.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0. Specifically, chi-square tests were used for the detection rates of G6PD enzyme activity and gene mutations between different genders. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the comparison of enzyme activity among different mutation types.Results:Among 15 533 infants, 143 cases (129 males and 14 females) were tested positive for G6PD activity, with a detection rate of 0.92% (143/15 533). The difference in detection rates between males and females was statistically significant (χ 2=96.76, P<0.001). Out of 89 enzyme activity-positive cases (83 males and 6 females) underwent genetic testing, 77 (72 males and 5 females) were detected by MMCAand other 12 negative samples were underwent further Sanger sequencing, revealing mutations in 6 samples, all of which were males. Among the 83 individuals with gene mutations, 78 had heterozygous mutations, 1 had a homozygous mutation, and 4 had compound heterozygous mutations. A total of 12 mutation types were detected, with G6PD c.487G>A, c.1024C>T, c.1388G>A, and c.1376G>T being the most common, accounting for 74.70% (62/83) of all mutation types. The average G6PD enzyme activity of c.1376G>T was the lowest, and the differences were statistically significant compared to the average enzyme activity of the other three mutations ( P<0.05). One male infant with a newly identified G6PD c.242G>C mutation was detected, predicted to be pathogenic. ddPCR confirmed that the mother of the affected child was a c.242G>C mutant chimera, with a chimera proportion of 6.66%. Conclusions:In the Kunming region, the predominant G6PD deficiency gene mutation is c.487G>A, with the detection of a novel G6PD c.242G>C mutation. The application of ddPCR technology can assist in detecting the proportion of mutation chimeras.

OBJECTIVE: In order to solve the problem that the existing oxygen production technology cannot simultaneously produce pure oxygen, high-purity oxygen, ultra-pure oxygen, and the modular expansion of oxygen production capacity, a new type of electrochemical ceramic membrane oxygen production system was discussed and developed. METHODS: Through the design of the ceramic membrane stack, airflow distributor, heater, double spiral exchanger, thermal insulation sleeve, control panel, control box and auxiliary system in the electrochemical ceramic membrane oxygen generator, a modular oxygen production system is formed. RESULTS: The modular design can produce pure oxygen, high-purity oxygen and ultra-pure oxygen to meet various oxygen consumption needs. CONCLUSIONS The electrochemical ceramic membrane oxygen production system is a new type of oxygen production technology. The main components have no moving parts, no noise, and no pollution. It can produce pure oxygen, high-purity oxygen and ultra-pure oxygen on site, with small size, light weight, and module combination which is suitable for convenient expansion and installation of oxygen consumption.
Oxygen ; Ceramics ; Technology

Hepatectomy and liver transplantation are the most effective radical treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, but the high recurrence rate after surgery which seriously affects the prognosis of patients cannot be ignored. Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a risk factor for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no consensus or guideline recommendation locally or intermutually on postoperative adjuvant therapy of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with MVI. Appropriate selection of postoperative adjuvant therapy is worth more in-depth discussion. This article reviews recent and relevant studies on postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and MVI, including local anti-tumor therapy, systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and combination therapy, with the aim to provide better reference to clinicians in managing these patients with postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that act downstream of small Rho GTPases to regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. Two ROCK isoforms (ROCK1 and ROCK2) are expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. Although ROCK activity has been implicated in synapse formation, whether the distinct ROCK isoforms have different roles in synapse formation and function in vivo is not clear. Here, we used a genetic approach to address this long-standing question. Both Rock1 and Rock2 mice had impaired glutamatergic transmission, reduced spine density, and fewer excitatory synapses in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. In addition, both Rock1 and Rock2 mice showed deficits in long-term potentiation at hippocampal CA1 synapses and were impaired in spatial learning and memory based on the water maze and contextual fear conditioning tests. However, the spine morphology of CA1 pyramidal neurons was altered only in Rock2 but not Rock1 mice. In this study we compared the roles of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in synapse formation and function in vivo for the first time. Our results provide a better understanding of the functions of distinct ROCK isoforms in synapse formation and function.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of Zhu Lian's type Ⅰ excitation needling technique for postpartum urinary retention. Methods: A total of 60 cases with postpartum urinary retention were recruited and divided randomly into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine acupuncture, and stimulated with sparse and dense wave of electric acupuncture for 15 min after arrival of needling sensation, and then the needles were taken out. The observation group was treated with Zhu Lian's type Ⅰ excitation needling technique, by inserting the needles with the quick inserting method, swift and temporary lifting and thrusting technique for shallow insertion for 5 times, by an in-and-out technique, without retaining the needles. Results: The total effective rate was 96.7% in the observation group and 83.3% in the control group. The difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment, the first urination time was shorter in the observation group than that in the control group, with a statistical significance (P<0.01). After the treatment, the volume of residual urine after the first urination was less in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Zhu Lian's type Ⅰ excitation needling technique can effectively promote the voluntary urination and bladder emptying in patients with postpartum urinary retention, and it takes effect faster.

OBJECTIVETo generate a mouse model of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection by performing in vivo transduction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA.

METHODSNude mice were injected with HBV cccDNA at doses of 1.5, 1.0 or 0.5 mug/ml. A control group was generated by giving equal injection volumes of physiological saline. The serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) on post-injection days 1 and 3, weeks 1-6, 8 and 10 were assayed by reflection immunoassay. At post-injection week 10, all animals were sacrificed and liver tissues were collected. Copies of HBV DNA in serum and liver tissue were detected by real-time PCR. HBV antigens in liver tissue were detected of by immunohistochemistry. Pathological analysis of liver tissue carried out with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Linear correlation of data was determined by statistical analysis.

RESULTSHBsAg and HBeAg were detected in sera from all three groups of cccDNA-injected mice staring at post-injection day 1 and lasting through week 10. The levels of HBsAg over the 10-week period showed two patterns of increase-decrease;the lowest level was detected at week 4 and the highest level was detected at week 8. In contrast, the levels of HBeAg over the 10-week period showed three patterns of increase-decrease; the lower levels were detected at weeks 2 and 4 and the higher levels at weeks 3 and 6. HBV DNA copies in liver tissues showed a cccDNA dose-dependent descending trend over the 10-week study period (1.5 mug/ml:1.14E+07 ± 6.51E+06 copies/g, 1.0 mug/ml:9.81E+06 ± 9.32E+06 copies/g, and 0.5 mug/ml:3.72E+06 ± 2.35E+06 copies/g; Pearson's r =0.979). HBV DNA copies in sera showed the pattern of 1.0 mug/ml cccDNA more than 1.5 mug/ml cccDNA more than 0.5 mug/ml cccDNA, and in general were higher than those detected in the liver tissues. Liver tissues from all cccDNA-injected mice showed positive immunohistochemistry staining for both HBsAg and HBeAg. HE staining showed that the liver tissues of all cccDNA-injected mice had severe fatty and vacuolar degeneration and less obvious structure of liver lobules (compared to the liver tissues from control mice).

CONCLUSIONThe CHB mouse model successfully established in this study by in vivo transduction of HBV cccDNA may represent a useful tool to study the pathogenic mechanisms and potential antiviral treatments of human CHB.

Animals ; DNA, Circular ; administration & dosage ; DNA, Viral ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Transduction, Genetic ; Virus Replication

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical characteristics and short-term survival of patients with splenomegaly and acute-on-chronic liver failure related to chronic HBV infection.

METHODSElectronic medical records of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure were collected to analyze the clinical parameters and 4-week survival of patients with or without splenomegaly.

RESULTSOf the 149 patients enrolled, the overall 28-day mortality rate was 48.3%, which was lower in patients with enlarged spleen than those without (34.2% vs 54.1%, P=0.034). Compared with patients without splenomegaly, patients with splenomegaly had lower platelet counts (P=0.001), lower ALT levels (P=0.005) and lower PT-INR (P=0.010). Although the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy was comparable between patients with or without splenomegaly, severe conditions were more frequent in those without splenomegaly. Hepatic encephalopathy grades, serum creatinine levels, neutrophil percentages over 70%, PT-INR and splenomegaly were independent factors associated with the 28-day survival, and this novel model was superior to model of end-stage of liver disease in predicting the 4-week survival (P=0.017).

CONCLUSIONPatients with splenomegaly that evolves into acute-on-chronic liver failure have unique clinical characteristics and further clinical observations are warranted.

Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Chronic Disease ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Splenomegaly ; mortality ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to analyze the trend in the publication of systematic reviews on hip fractures through a bibliometric approach.

METHODSLiterature including systematic reviews or meta-analyses on hip fractures was searched from the ISI Web of Science citation database. The search results were analyzed in terms of geographical authorship and frequency of citation by country, institution, author, and periodical distribution.

RESULTSA total of 654 published systematic reviews from 1995 to 2013 in 48 countries or regions were retrieved. The United States (171) was the predominant country in terms of the number of total publications, followed by the United Kingdom (149), Canada (120), Australia (76), and China (54). The number of systematic reviews significantly increased during the last 6 years, especially in China. The production ranking changed in 2012, at which time the United States and China were the leaders in the yearly production of systematic reviews on hip fractures. The amount of literature (27 publications) from China contributed almost one-quarter of the total literature (109 publications) in 2012. However, the average number of citations of each article from China was still low (6.70), while the highest number of citations of each article was from Sweden (193.36). The references were published in 239 different journals, with 15 journals contributing to 41.3% of the systematic reviews on hip fractures. The two journals that contributed the most were Osteoporosis International (10.6%) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7.6%). The predominant institution in terms of the number of publications was McMaster University (36) in Canada.

CONCLUSIONSThe best evidence in the field of hip fractures has attracted increasing attention. Systematic reviews on hip fractures from China have been increasingly more frequent during the past 6 years, particularly in 2012.

Bibliometrics ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Publications

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have confirmed that anterior approach and posterior approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy were effective, but there is stil no conclusion in which one is better.
OBJECTIVE:To systematical y assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of anterior approach versus posterior approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
METHODS:The databases such as The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2013), PubMed (from 1966 to March 2013), OVID (from 1950 to March 2013), EMbase (from 1966 to March 2013), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (from 1978 to March 2013), WanFang Database (from 1998 to March 2013), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (from 1999 to March 2013) were electronical y searched and five relevant journals were searched by hand to col ect the randomized control ed trials or non-randomized control ed trials about the clinical effectiveness and safety of anterior approach versus posterior approach for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then the meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan5.2 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 11 control ed trials involving 814 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that, compared with posterior approach, postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were better (P<0.000 01), improvement rate of neurological function was higher (P=0.000 3), the incidence of C5 root palsy was lower (P=0.007), but operation time was longer (P<0.000 01), amount of intraoperative bleedin g was larger (P=0.000 7), incidence of adjacent segments degeneration was higher (P=0.01), incidence of postoperative complications was higher (P<0.000 01) and the rate of secondary surgical procedures was higher (P=0.003) after anterior approach. Additional y, there were no differences between the two groups in the cervical range of motion (P=0.56). For quantity limitation and low methodological quality of included studies, this conclusion stil needs to be further proved by performing more high-quality and large-scale randomized control ed trials.

BACKGROUND:The surgical method for the treatment of unstable distal radius fracture mainly includes plate internal fixation and external fixator, but both of these two methods have the advantages and disadvantages. Which treatment is more conducive to the rehabilitation of patients, there is stil controversy.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of internal fixation and external fixator for the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures.
METHODS:The relative databases and literatures were searched with the computer and hand to col ect the randomized control ed trials of internal fixation versus external fixator for the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures. After extraction literature data and quality evaluation, RevMan 5.2 software was used for system evaluation. The grip strength, disabilities of arm, shoulder&hand score, complications rates, infection rates, deformity rates and ulnar variance rates were compared between two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 9 literatures, involving total y 524 patients were included, 286 patients in the internal fixation group and 238 patients in the external fixator group. There was no significant difference in grip strength between internal fixation group and the external fixator group. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the internal fixation group was better than the external fixator group in the aspects of disabilities of arm, shoulder&hand score, complications rate, infection rate, deformity rate and ulnar variance rate at 3 months and 1 year after treatment. The results indicate that the plate internal fixation is better than external fixator in the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures, but the large sample, double-blind, and high quality randomized control ed trials are stil needed to identify the results.