To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

Objective To investigate the effects of cucurbitacin B (CucB) on alleviating skin lesions and inflammation in psoriasis mice via the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Methods The expression of genes associated with the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in psoriatic lesions and non-lesional skin was analyzed, and hallmark gene set enrichment analysis was performed. The cytotoxicity of CucB on BMDMs was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. The expression levels of genes and proteins related to the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, along with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, were measured at different concentrations of CucB using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: normal group, model group, low-dose CucB group [0.1 mg/ (kg.d)], and high-dose CucB group [0.4 mg/ (kg.d)], with five mice per group. PASI scoring was performed to assess the severity of psoriasis after 6 days of treatment, and HE staining was conducted to observe pathological damage. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and their secretion were detected by qPCR and ELISA. Results Most cGAS-STING signaling-related genes were upregulated in lesional skin of psoriasis patients, and the hallmark gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the most significantly upregulated genes were primarily associated with immune response signaling pathways. CucB inhibited dsDNA-induced phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and STING proteins in both bone-marrow derived macrophages(BMDMs) and THP-1 cells. CucB also suppressed dsDNA-induced mRNA expression of IFNB1, TNF, IFIT1, CXCL10, ISG15, and reduced the secretion of cytokines such as IFN-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α in THP-1 cells. In the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, CucB treatment reduced psoriatic symptoms, alleviated skin lesions, and attenuated inflammation. ELISA and qPCR results showed that CucB significantly reduced serum secretion levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as the mRNA levels of IL23A, IL1B, IL6, TNF, and IFNB1. Conclusion CucB inhibits cytoplasmic DNA-induced activationc of the GAS-STING pathway. CucB significantly attenuates skin lesions and inflammation in IMQ-induced psoriatic mice, and the potential molecular mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway.
Animals ; Psoriasis/pathology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Mice ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Skin/metabolism* ; Triterpenes/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Male

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features,prognostic value and surgical treat-ment experience in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus.Methods:We collected relevant data of the patients with adrenocortical carcinoma who had undergone surgery in Peking University Third Hospital from 2018 to 2023.The patients were divided into venous tumor thrombus group and non-tumor thrombus group.The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the quantitative varia-bles.The chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the categorical variables.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival rate.Results:A total of 27 patients with adreno-cortical carcinoma were included,of whom 11 cases(40.7％)had venous tumor thrombus.In the pa-tients with venous tumor thrombus,8 patients were female and 3 were male.The median age was 49(36,58)years.The median body mass index was 26.0(24.1,30.4)kg/m2.Seven patients presented with symptoms at their initial visit.Six patients had a history of hypertension.Elevated levels of cortisol were observed in 2 cases.Three tumors were found on the left side,while 8 were found on the right side.Median tumor diameter was 9.4(6.5,12.5)cm.On the left,there was a case of tumor thrombus limit-ed to the central vein of the left adrenal gland without invasion into the left renal vein,and two cases of tumor thrombus growth extending into the inferior vena cava below the liver.One case of tumor thrombus on the right adrenal central vein did not invade the inferior vena cava.Four cases of tumor thrombus inva-ded the inferior vena cava below the liver and three cases extended to the posterior of the liver.Ten pa-tients were in European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors(ENSAT)stage Ⅲ and one was in ENSAT stage Ⅳ.Open surgery was performed in 6 cases,laparoscopic surgery alone in 4 cases and ro-bot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in 1 case.Two patients underwent ipsilateral kidney resection.Median operative time was 332(261,440)min.Median intraoperative bleeding was 900(700,2 200)mL.Median hospital stay was 9(5,10)days.Median survival time for the patients with tumor thrombus was 24.0 months and median time to recurrence was 7.0 months.The median survival and recurrence time of 16 patients without tumor thrombus were not reached.The patients with tumor thrombus had worse 3-year overall survival(OS)rate(40.9％vs.71.4％;Log-rank,P=0.038)and 2-year recurrence-free sur-vival(RFS)(9.1％vs.53.7％;Log-rank,P=0.015)rates compared with the patients with non-tumor thrombus.Conclusion:Patients with adrenocortical carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus have poor prognosis.Different adrenal tumor resections and venous tumor thrombus removal procedures based on different tumor thrombus locations are safe and effective in treating this disease.

Objective:To review and analyze the clinical diagnosis and treatment of renal Ewing's sar-coma with venous tumor embolus,to follow up the survival and prognosis of the patients,and to provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods:Clinical data(including general data,sur-gical data and postoperative pathological data)of patients diagnosed with renal Ewing's sarcoma with ve-nous tumor embolus in Peking University Third Hospital from June 2016 to June 2022 were collected,and the prognosis of the patients was followed up to analyze the influence of diagnosis and treatment process on the prognosis of the disease.Results:There were 6 patients,including 1 male and 5 females.There were 4 cases of left renal tumor and 2 cases of right renal tumor.The median age at diagnosis was 28 years(16-52 years).The imaging findings were all exogenous tumors with internal necrotic tissue and hemorrhage.The mean maximum tumor diameter was 12.6 cm,and the mean tumor thrombus length was 7.8 cm.Four patients underwent open surgery and 2 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery.The post-operative pathological results were renal Ewing sarcoma.Immunohistochemical results showed 3 cases of CD99(+),2 cases of FLI-1(+),and 1 case of CD99,FLI-1(-).3 patients received chemothera-py(cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine/ifosfamide,etoposide),1 case received chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy,and 2 cases received no adjuvant therapy.The mean overall survival(OS)of the 6 patients was 37 months,and the mean OS of the 4 patients(47 months)who received chemo-therapy was significantly higher than that of the 2 patients(16 months)who did not receive chemotherapy(P=0.031).Conclusion:Renal Ewing's sarcoma with venous tumor embolus is rare in clinic,and it is common in young female patients.The operation is difficult and the prognosis is poor.Surgical resection,adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the overall survival rate of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the postoperative renal function and oncologic outcomes of cystic renal cell carcinoma with partial nephrectomy,and to compared the single-center data on surgical out-comes with the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.Methods:This was a retrospective study that included the patients with cystic renal cell carcinoma who underwent partial ne-phrectomy in the Department of Urology,Peking University Third Hospital(PUTH)from 2010 to 2023.The clinical data and depicting baseline characteristics were collected.Renal dynamic imaging and the Chinese Coefficients for Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration(C-CKD-EPI)formulae were used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).The renal function curves over time were then plotted,and the patients were followed-up to record their survival status.Cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma in the SEER database between 2000 and 2020 were included,propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to balance the differences between SEER cohort and PUTH cohort,and the cancer-specific survival(CSS)curves for both groups were plotted and statistical differences were calcu-lated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:A total of 38 and 385 patients were included in the PUTH cohort and SEER cohort,respectively,and 31 and 72 patients were screened in each cohort after PSM.Of the baseline characteristics,only tumor size(P=0.042)was found to differ statistically between the two groups.There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts in terms of CSS after PSM(P=0.556).The median follow-up time in the SEER cohort was 112.5(65,152)months and a 10-year survival rate of 97.2％,while the PUTH cohort had a median follow-up of 57.0(20,1 172)months and a 10-year survival rate of 100.0％.There was no statistically significant difference between eGFR determined by preoperative renal dynamic imaging and the results of the C-CKD-EPI formulae based on creatinine estimation(P=0.073).There was a statistically significant difference in eGFR among the preoperative,short-term postoperative,and long-term postoperative(P＜0.001),which was characterized by the presence of a decline in renal function in the short-term postoperative period and the recovery of renal function in the long-term period.Conclusion:Partial nephrectomy for cystic renal cell carcinoma is safe and feasible with favorable renal function and oncologic outcomes.

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor. Vaccination with human papilloma virus （HPV） vaccine is of great significance to prevent condyloma acuminatum， HPV infection， and cervical cancer. This paper reviews the epidemic situation and risk factors of cervical cancer， the prevention strategies of cervical cancer， HPV types， HPV vaccine types and mechanisms of action， the safety and effectiveness of vaccines， men’s HPV vaccination， vaccination policies in various countries and so on， and further puts forward suggestions on HPV vaccination policies in China.

The prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is relatively poor. With the development of molecular biology, the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is undergoing a transformation from cytokine therapy to targeted molecular therapy or immunotherapy, and the prognosis has been improved. This study summarized and discussed the treatment progress of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of cytoreductive nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer with renal vein or inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.Methods:From February 2015 to May 2019, 56 cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus were analyzed retrospectively, including 44 male (78.6%) and 12 female (21.4%)cases, and the average age was (59.2±10.7)(22-82). The clinical presentations covered local symptoms in 26 cases (46.4%), systemic symptoms in 8 cases (14.3%), both local symptoms and systemic symptoms in 12 cases (21.4%), and asymptomatic in 10 cases (17.9%). Among them, renal tumors were located in 35 cases (62.5%) on the right and 21 cases (37.5%) on the left. The average tumor diameter was (10.1±3.8)(1.5-21.1) cm. Forty-five cases (80.4%) scored 2 points and 11 cases (19.6%) scored 3 points by the American Society of anesthesiologists(ASA). Preoperative hemoglobin was (118.2±23.1)(72-178) g/L, and albumin was (37.9±5.6)(23-50) g/L, total protein was (67.7±6.7)(43-81) g/L, serum creatinine was (111.3±119.6)(32-958) μmol/L. There were 16 cases of Mayo 0 (28.6%), 14 cases of Mayo Ⅰ(25.0%), 17 cases of Mayo Ⅱ(30.4%), 4 cases of Mayo Ⅲ(7.1%), and 5 cases of Mayo Ⅳ(8.9%). Fourteen cases (25.0%) were in the stage of cN 0 and 42 cases (75.0%) in the stage of cN 1. Five cases (8.9%) had simple bone metastasis, 16 cases (28.6%) had simple lung metastasis, 2 cases (3.6%) had simple adrenal metastasis, 6 cases (10.7%) had simple liver metastasis, and 27 cases (48.2%) had 2 or more multiple system metastasis. According to the location of the organ system, 91 metastatic lesions were found in 56 patients. Among them, 37 cases (40.7%) had lung metastasis, 18 cases (19.8%) had liver metastasis, 21 cases (23.1%) had bone metastasis and 15 cases (16.5%) had adrenal metastasis. All 56 patients belonged to IMDC prognosis score model medium risk group. The surgical treatment of Mayo grade 0 tumor thrombus was the same as that of routine radical nephrectomy. The tumor thrombus of Mayo grade Ⅰ was removed after IVC was partially blocked by Satinsky′s forceps. The Mayo Ⅱ tumor thrombus was removed, after blocking the distal vena cava, the contralateral renal vein and the proximal vena cava. Mayo grade Ⅲ tumor thrombus needed pringer's method to block the first porta hepatis. For grade Ⅳ tumor thrombus the diaphragm could be cut directly, or the thrombus could be removed by cardiopulmonary bypass. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 22 cases (39.3%) and open surgery in 30 cases (53.6%). Six cases (10.7%) underwent IVC wall resection because of tumor invasion. 32 cases (57.1%) underwent ipsilateral adrenalectomy because of tumor invasion or adrenal metastasis, and 23 cases (41.1%) underwent ipsilateral lymphadenectomy. In this study, there were 11 cases of solitary metastasis, 8 cases of which were operated on and 3 cases of which were not operated on. Forty-three patients were treated with sunitinib after palliative nephrectomy, 9 patients were treated with pazopanib, 3 patients were treated with acitinib, and 1 patient was treated with sorafenib. Results:The operations were successfully completed in 56 patients. Four cases (7.1%) changed from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery. The operation time was (326.8±114.9)(108-589) min. Intraoperative hemorrhage was (1 435.2±1 513.4)(20-6 000) ml, intraoperative red blood cells transfusion was (1 456.7±832.8)(400-3 600) ml in 30 cases, and intraoperative plasma transfusion was (700.0±473.6)(200-1 800) ml in 15 cases. The postoperative hospital stay was (10.6±4.6)(5-26) days. The serum creatinine one week after operation was (109.5±98.7) (47-772) μmol/L. There were 46 cases (82.1%) of renal clear cell carcinoma, 7 cases (12.5%) of papillary renal cell carcinoma and 3 cases (5.4%) of unclassified renal cell carcinoma. One case was WHO/ISUP 2016 nuclear grade 1 (1.8%), 20 cases(36.4%) was grade 2, 18 cases(32.7%)was grade 3, and 16 cases(29.1%)was grade 4. Early postoperative complications occurred in 22 cases (39.3%). Among them, 1 case of Clavien gradeⅠ was wound infection. There were 16 cases with Clavien gradeⅡ, including 5 cases who received blood transfusion due to anemia, 3 cases with chylous fistula, 4 cases with postoperative pulmonary infection, 2 cases with postoperative lower extremity venous thrombosis, 1 case with atrial fibrillation and 1 case with epididymitis. Clavien gradeⅢ a was found in 1 case with pneumothorax. Clavien gradeⅣ was found in 2 cases, including 1 case of acute cerebral infarction and 1 case of renal insufficiency.There were 2 cases with Clavien gradeⅤ with perioperative death. Among the 56 patients, 5 lost the follow-up, 2 died during the perioperative period, and the other 49 patients were followed up for 1-39 months, with a median follow-up of 14 months. The mean survival time was (25.6±2.5) months, and the median survival time was 25 months.Conclusions:It was relatively safe and effective to perform cytoreductive nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer with tumor thrombus. For the patients with clinical symptoms, IMDC prognosis score model medium risk group, and strong desire for surgery, the combination of cytoreductive nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy and postoperative targeted medical therapy was recommended.

Objective:To explore the value of preoperative aspartate transaminase(AST) and aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio(AST/ALT)for predicting the prognosis in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made of the patients with renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus in our institution from February 2015 to December 2018. This study included 80 patients, 56 males and 24 females with mean age of 58 years (range 15-83 years). There were 17 in Mayo level 0, 24 Mayo level I, 22 in Mayo level II, 12 in Mayo level III and 5 in Mayo level IV. All the patients received radical nephrectomy or palliative nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy. The continuous variable of AST/ALT was collected by ROC curve. The maximum value of Youden index was taken as the critical value, and the continuous variables were adjusted to binary variables. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared by the log-rank test. Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the independent factors of the prognosis of patients with non-metastatic renal cancer and tumor thrombus.Results:There were 70 cases of clear cell carcinoma, 10 cases of non-clear cell carcinoma, 30 cases of low Fuhrman grade (grade 1&2), and 50 cases of high Fuhrman grade (grade 3&4). AST was 19U/L (8-226 U/L) and AST/ALT was 1.3(0.4-3.3). There was a significant difference in AST between different lymphovascular invasion groups ( P=0.04), but there was no significant difference in sex, age, Mayo classification, pathological type, Fuhrman grade and lymph node metastasis. The difference of AST / ALT between age groups was significant ( P=0.025). The average follow-up time was 14.7 months (0-44 months). During the follow-up, 11 (13.8%) patients died of tumor. Univariate analysis showed that Fuhrman grade ( P=0.007), lymph node metastasis ( P=0.019), hemoglobin ( P=0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, P=0.001), AST ( P=0.004) and AST / ALT ( P=0.038) were risk factors for CSS. In terms of prognosis, considering the potential correlation between AST level and AST/ALT ratio, after excluding AST, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high nuclear grade ( HR=3.049, 95% CI 1.292-7.196, P=0.011), high ALP ( HR=1.018, 95% CI 1.007-1.029, P=0.001) and high AST/ALT ratio ( HR=4.094, 95% CI 1.064-15.759, P=0.04) were associated with poor CSS. After excluding AST/ALT ratio, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high nuclear grade ( HR=5.836, 95% CI 1.867-18.240, P=0.002) and high AST ( HR=1.040, 95% CI 1.017-1.062, P<0.001) were associated with poor CSS. Conclusions:In patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus, high AST/ALT ratio and AST levels indicate poor pathological types and poor prognosis.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods: The clinical data of 3 patients with renal AML and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus was retrospectively reviewed. The patients were all female, aged 19 to 70 years. Among them, 2 patients presented with lumbago on the right side, and the other one was diagnosed by physical examination. The body mass index ranged from 18.4 to 24.6 kg/m^2, with a median value of 20.4 kg/m². According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), they were classified as grade Ⅱ. Color doppler ultrasound examination of the kidney and IVC was performed in all the 3 patients, all of which showed hyperechoic solid mass in the right kidney. Color doppler ultrasound of IVC showed hyperechoic band in the IVC, indicating blood flow signals and the tumor thrombus. All the 3 cases showed irregular fat density or mixed density in the right kidney and multiple irregular fat density were observed in the right renal vein and inferior vena cava on CT. Two of them received MRI examination of IVC, which showed irregular lesions in the right kidney, short T1 and long T2 signals, low lipids, and no definite limited diffusion on DWI. Irregular fat signal were seen in the right renal vein and inferior vena cava. All 3 patients were diagnosed with right renal mass with IVC tumor thrombus, with 1 patient of Mayo grade Ⅲ tumor thrombus and the other 2 of Mayo gradeⅡtumor thrombus. One underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy, another one underwent open right partial nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy, and the third one suffered preoperative AML rupture, undergoing open radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy. Results: The operation time was 168 to 659 min, with median of 220 min. Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 50 to 300 ml, with the median of 50 ml. Postoperative indwelling time of drainage tube was 5 to 11 days, with the median of 6 days. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 7 to 14 days, with a median of 8 days. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 16 months, with a median follow-up of 13 months. All the three patients underwent operation without postoperative complications. Postoperative pathology proved to be right renal angiomyolipoma. After 3 months of follow-up, the patients showed no tumor recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Renal AML is a benign lesion, which is rarely concurrent with inferior vena cava cancer thrombus. Enhanced CT examination is the main diagnostic method, surgical resection of the lesion is the preferred treatment, partial nephrectomy combined with thrombectomy can be performed in patients with AML, if permitted, and postoperative prognosis turns out to be propitious.