Gentianopsis barbata (G. barbata) represents a significant plant species with considerable ornamental and medicinal value in China. This investigation sought to elucidate the primary constituents within the plant and investigate their pharmacological properties. Fifty triterpenoids (1-50), including nine previously undescribed compounds (1, 2, 7, 10, 20, 28, 29, 37, and 41) were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of G. barbata. Notably, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the novel 3,4;9,10-diseco-24-homo-cycloartane triterpenoid skeleton. The isolated triterpenoids demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine secretion in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, and hepatoprotective effects by preventing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate both the presence of diverse triterpenoids in G. barbata and their therapeutic potential for inflammatory and hepatic conditions, providing scientific evidence supporting the clinical application of this traditional Mongolian medicinal plant.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Mice ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Animals ; Humans ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Protective Agents/isolation & purification* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Gentianaceae/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure

Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)on emergence agitation(EA)in children undergoing selective posterior rhizotomy(SPR).Methods Forty-two children with cerebral palsy undergoing SPR were selected,20 males and 22 females,aged 6-12 years,BMI 13-24 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,randomly divided into two groups:TEAS group(group T)and control group(group C),21 children in each group.Children in group T re-ceived TEAS at the bilateral acupoints of Neiguan and Hegu from 30 minutes before anesthesia induction to the end of surgery.In group C,electrodes were placed on the same acupoints without electrical stimulation.All children in both groups received total intravenous anesthesia.HR and MAP were recorded at the time of entry,extubation,5,15,30 minutes after extubation.The consumption of remifentanil and propofol during the procedure were recorded.The time of operation and extubation were recorded.The Wong-Baker faces pain scale-revised(FPS-R)and the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium(PAED)were recorded at 15 minutes after extubation,and the incidence of EA was assessed by PAED.While,the occurrence of post-operative nausea and vomiting(PONV)was recorded.Results Compared with that at the time of entry,HR at the time of extubation,5,15 minutes after extubation and MAP at the time of extubation,5,15,30 minutes after extubation in group C were significantly increased(P＜0.05),HR and MAP at the time of extubation,5,15 minutes after extubationin group T were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,HR was significantly slower and MAP was significantly lower in group T at the time of extuba-tion,5,15,30 minutes after extubation(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the consumption of remifen-tanil during operation was reduced,the time of extubation was significantly shortened,the FPS-R and PAED were significantly decreased,and the incidence of EA were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the time of operation,the consumption of propofol during operation and the inci-dence of PONV.Conclusion TEAS is beneficial to prevent the occurrence of EA in pediatric patients un-dergoing SPR,stabilize hemodynamics,reduce the dosage of opioids during surgery,reduce the postopera-tive pain,andaccelerate the time of anesthesia resuscitation.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics and correlation of intelligence development and socioemotional development in 1~3 years old children with expressive language disorder,and provide a basis for early intervention.Methods125 cases with expressive language disorder(language disorder group) and 126 normal children (normal group) are evaluated in two parts (intelligence and social mood) with 0~6 years old neuropsychological development diagnosis scale and Chinese version of urban infant-toddler social and emotional assessment.Results (1)The scores in language disorder group were lower than normal group in the area of free movements (81.60±10.40 vs 89.62±7.94),adaptability (81.48±10.95 vs 91.25±8.89),language (67.46±7.20 vs 89.13±8.24),social behavior (76.61±9.73 vs 90.12±8.13) and total developmental quotient (80.17±6.39 vs 91.15±6.05) (P<0.05).(2) There were significant differences between language disorder group and normal group in the area of externalizing behavior(56.28±10.15 vs 53.57±7.91),deregulation (56.45±10.61 vs 51.11±9.32) and capabilities(46.79±9.08 vs 51.25±7.47) (P<0.05).The boys' scores in internalizing behavior were lower than the girls' (49.19±10.76 vs 54.71±9.90) (P<0.05).(3) The scores of gross motor had positive correlation with externalizing behavior (r=0.220,P<0.05).The scores of language had negative correlation with externalizing behavior and deregulation(r=-0.650,P<0.05;r=-0.470,P<0.05).The scores of social behavior had negative correlation with externalizing behavior (r=-0.208,P<0.05).There was also a negative correlation between total development and deregulation (r=-0.184,P<0.05).(4) Multiple stepwise linear regression results showed that the externalizing behavior domain and mothers' education could predict 44.1% of variances in the language area.ConclusionThe children with expressive language disorder not only show backward in level of language development,but also in the development of other areas,and also bad social behavior and emotional problems.Individualized parenting interventions should be adopted to promote these children's intelligent development in an all-round way.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of Sandplay therapy on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)preschool children co - morbid sleep disorder. Methods According to the random number generated by EXCEL software's RAND function,a total of 62 ADHD children co - morbid sleep disorder were randomly divi-ded into experimental group(n = 31)and control group (n = 31). The control group was treated with family behavior therapy and the experimental group was treated with sandplay therapy based on the family behavior therapy. With the Achenbach Child Behavior Check List (CBCL),Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ),Conner Concise Questionnaire (Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire,ASQ)and Children′s Sleep Habit Questionnaire(CSHQ),the overall curative effect was evaluated before and after treatment by their scores. Results The results of independent - samples t test showed that the scores of PSQ′s all factors,ASQ′s and CBCL′s total score,CSHQ′s total score and all factors had no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention (t conduct problem = - 0. 847,t learning problems =0. 504,t psychosomatic disorder = - 1. 008,t hyperactivity/ impulsion = - 0. 331,t anxiety = 0. 690,t hyperactivity index = 0. 757,t CBCL′s total score =- 0. 532,t ASQ′s total score = 0. 514,t CSHQ′s total score = 1. 132,t sleep impedance = - 0. 767,t sleep latency = - 0. 634,t sleep duration = 0. 150, tsleep anxiety = 0. 149,t sleep wake = 0. 417,t sleep disorder = 0. 709,t sleep apnea = 0. 950,t daytime sleepiness = 1. 530,all P > 0. 05). The scores of PSQ′s all factors,ASQ′s and CBCL′s total score,sleep impedance,sleep latency,sleep duration,sleep wake, daytime sleepiness and CSHQ′s total score all had significant differences between the two groups after the intervention(t conduct problem = - 3. 982,t learning problems = - 2. 258,t psychosomatic disorder = - 2. 470,t hyperactivity/ impulsion = - 4. 377,t anxiety =- 2. 684,t hyperactivity index = - 4. 249,t CBCL′s total score = - 3. 982,t ASQ′s total score = - 5. 576,t sleep impedance = - 3. 712,t sleep latency =- 2. 947,t sleep duration = - 2. 332,t sleep wake = - 6. 031,t daytime sleepiness = - 6. 256,t CSHQ′s total score = - 6. 706,all P < 0. 05). The results of analysis of variance of repeated measurement showed that PSQ behaviour problem,psychosomatic disor-der,hyperactivity and hyperactivity index scores of the main effects of intervention had significant difference (F conduct problem = 4. 966,F psychosomatic disorder = 5. 176,F hyperactivity/ impulsion = 4. 949,F hyperactivity index = 4. 926,all P < 0. 05);the main intervention effects of ASQ and CBCL′s total score had statistical difference (F CBCL = 4. 398,F ASQ = 4. 814,all P < 0. 05);the main intervention effects of sleep impedance,sleep duration,sleep wake and CSHQ′s total score had statistical difference (F sleep impedance = 5. 697,F sleep duration = 4. 467,F sleep wake = 6. 610,F CSHQ′s total score = 6. 016,all P <0. 05). There were significant differences in the characteristics of the initial sand table and the final sand table in the experimental group [traumatic subject:(4. 48 ± 1. 55)cases vs. (1. 23 ± 0. 81)cases,t = 8. 247;curing subject:(1. 77 ± 1. 09)cases vs. (4. 55 ± 1. 46)cases,t = 11. 274,all P < 0. 05]. Conclusion Sandplay therapy can effectively improve the core symptoms of preschool ADHD children co - morbid sleep disorders,which can be used as an early in-tervention.

Objective To investigate the effect of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplanta-tion combined with CD34 + cells and oral sarpogrelate hydrochloride for the treatment of vascular reconstruc-tion and blood supply on the thromboangiitis obliterans. Methods Thromboangiitis obliterans ( TAO) of 262 patients with 262 lower limbs were divided into stem cells CD34 + cells transplantation combined with sarpogrelate hydrochloride group ( group A) with 100 lower limbs, CD34 + stem cell transplantation group ( group B) with 91 lower limbs, and sarpogrelate hydrochloride oral group ( group C) with 71 lower limbs. The degree of lower limb local blood flow variability were calculated at the three levels of skin, blood vessels and blood by preoperative and postoperative use of multi-function monitoring instrument, Doppler detector, transcutaneous oxygen pressure monitor, and digital subtraction angiography ( DSA) , respectively. Results⑴ The degree of shank, foot cyanosis, cool skin, and pain was relieved significantly in groups A and B than in group C for 1 month after the treatment (P<0. 05). ⑵Intermittent claudication distance, the skin temperature of the lower leg and foot to patients in the groups A and B than in group C, with a significant difference (F=7. 01, F=7. 04, P<0. 05) for 3 months after the treatment. ⑶ Among the patients with amputation, 10 cases were in group A, 16 cases in group B, and 31 cases in group C for 6 months after the treatment. ⑷ Transcutaneous oxygen pressure was increased from ( 30. 43 ± 4. 31 ) mmHg to ( 37. 21 ± 9. 01)mmHg (F=5. 69, P<0. 05), ankle brachial index from (0. 32 ±0. 23) to (0. 91 ± 0. 16) (F=6. 71, P<0. 05), the volume of blood flow index from the photoelectric (0. 22 ± 0. 04) to (0. 83 ± 0. 13 (F=5. 69, P<0. 05), oxygen saturation from (42. 41 ±9. 61)％ to (79. 61 ±20. 34)％ (F=5. 74, P<0. 05), and DSA score (0. 23 ± 0. 03) increased to (1. 35 ± 0. 23) (F=7. 14, P<0. 05), which was sig-nificantly higher than group B and group C ( F=7. 01, F=7. 04, F=7. 12, F=7. 08, F=7. 15, P<0. 05) for one year after treatment. Conclusions Treatment of peripheral blood stem cells CD34 + cell transplantation combined with oral sarpogrelate hydrochloride can significantly improve the vascular regener-ation and its blood supply in TAO lower extremity limb.

Objective To study the mechanism that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)promotes human glio-ma cells proliferation.Methods We divided glioma samples into two groups,including low-grade glioma group and high-grade glio-ma group,while cerebral contusion patients were treated as the control group,12 cases in each group.C6 glioma cell lines were di-vided into three groups,such as GDNF group,BSA(bovine serum albumin)group and control group.CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) was used to detect the cell proliferation,while Western blot was used to detect the expression of AKT,p-AKT,β-catenin and p-β-catenin in each group.Results Comparing with the control group,the expression levels of AKT,p-AKT,β-catenin and p-β-catenin in glioma group had a significantly increased (P <0.05).Meanwhile,the high-grade gliomas group also had a significant increase in those more than low-grade gliomas group (P <0.05).CCK-8 test showed that the cell proliferation in GDNF group was significant-ly higher than the control group (P <0.05),and the expression levels of p-AKT,β-catenin and p-β-catenin proteins all had a signifi-cant increase (P <0.05).However,the expression level of AKT had no obvious difference.Conclusion GDNF might promote the proliferation of glioma cells by up-regulating the expression of p-AKT,β-catenin and p-β-catenin.

Objective To observe the expression pattern of caspase-3 and HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) at different time after cerebral contusion in rat, and explore the new method for estimating the injury interval. Methods The cerebral contusion model was established using adult SD male rats. Then the rats were randomly allocated into 8 groups: 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after cerebral con-tusion, sham-operation and normal control. Expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 protein after cerebral contusion in rat was detected by Western blotting. Laser scanning confocal microscope was used to ob-serve the number of HAX-1 positive cells and TUNEL-stained cells after cerebral contusion. Results The expression of caspase-3 increased parallelly with the time after cerebral contusion and reached the peak value on 3 d. The expression of caspase-3 decreased gradually and still maintained a high level expression on 7 d (P<0.05). The expression of HAX-1 positive cell went up after injury, and reached the peak value at 6 h (P<0.05), then turned down gradually after 12 h and went out of detection after 3 d. The number of TUNEL-stained cells increased obviously at 2 h and reached the peak value on 3 d. The number of TUNEL-stained apoptotic cells decreased gradually and still maintained a high level expres-sion on 7 d (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 after cerebral contusion has time sequential regularity, which may provide new evidence for forensic diagnosis of cerebral contusion interval.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ultra short-term low-dose gamma knife radiation on invasive properties of glioma cells at the genetic level.Methods Malignant glioma cell lines U87 and U251 were treated with gamma knife radiation,respectively,with a marginal doses of 0,4,6,8 and 10 Gy (all to the 80％ isodose line).Real time-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expressions of AKT-1,AKT-2,β-catenin and TCF-4 at 30 min after radiation.Results The expressions of AKT-1,AKT-2,β-catenin,TCF-4 in glioma cell lines after low-dose gamma knife radiation with a marginal dose of 6-8 Gy were significantly increased as compared with those after 0 Gy (P＜0.05); reduced expressions ofAKT-1,AKT-2,β-catenin and TCF-4 after a marginal dose of 10 Gy were found as compared with those after 0 Gy (P＜0.05); the β-catenin and AKT-1 mRNA expressions in U87 cells and TCF-4,AKT-1 and AKT-2 mRNA expressions in U251 cells enjoyed the most obvious increase at a marginal dose of 6 Gy; the TCF-4 and AKT-2 mRNA expressions in U87 cells and β-catenin mRNA expression in U251 cells enjoyed the most obvious increase at a marginal dose of 8 Gy.Conclusion Low-dose gamma knife radiation (6-8 Gy) could increase the β-catenin,TCF-4,AKT-1 and AKT-2 expressions,while high dose (10 Gy) could inhibit these effects in a short time period of 30 min.

OBJECTIVETo study chemical constituents in the seeds of Datura Stramonium (Solanaceae family).

METHODCompounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their structures were determined based on physicochemical constants and spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated and identified from Datura stramonium, they were N-trans-feruloyl tryptamine (1), hyoscyamilactol (2), scopoletin (3), umckalin (4), daturaolone (5), daturadiol (6), N-trans-ferulicacyl- tyramine (7), cleomiscosin A (8), fraxetin (9), scopolamine (10), 1-Acetyl-7-hydrox-beta-carbol-ine (11), 7-hydroxy-beta-carbolinel-propionic acid (12).

CONCLUSIONCompound 2, 7, 9 and 12 were obtained from Datura genus for the first time, whereas compound 1, 4, 8 and 11 were obtained from the Solanaceae family for the first time.

Objective To discuss and evaluate the value of insertion of inferior vena cava filter in treating lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(DVT).Methods Inferior vena cava filters were placed in 46 patients with lower extremity DVT prior treatment,20 in which were treated by therapy with anticoagulation and thrombolysis,and therapy with pressure gradient,and the other 26 patients by operation and thrombolysis therapy,and therapy with pressure gradient.Whether patients occurred pulmonary embolism was observed and the form and site of filters were monitored by periodic fluoroscopy.Results Inferior vena cava filters were placed successfully in all patients,38 cases were implanted permanence inferior vena cava filter,8 cases were implanted temporary inferior vena cava filter.Symptoms and signs of DVT disappeared or remitted in 44/46 patients after treatment.None of pulmonary embolism was occurred.Follow up 2-24 months(average 13 months) for 36 cases with permanence inferior vena cava filter,there was no complication of the filter and pulmonary embolism occurred.Conclusions The method of inserting inferior vena cava filter is simple and safe,which can prevent pulmonary embolism effectually to offer sufficient safeguard for the treatment of DVT.