Objective:To investigate the effects of early enteral and parenteral nutrition support on the growth, development, and metabolomics of low-birth-weight newborns.Methods:Ninety low-birth-weight newborns admitted to Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from April 2022 to April 2024 were included in this retrospective study. They were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 45) and an intervention group ( n = 45) according to different intervention methods. The control group received routine traditional nutritional support, while the intervention group received early enteral and parenteral nutrition support. Data were collected on the growth and development status of the newborns, as well as their feeding conditions. Gastric fluid pH value, frequency of bowel sounds, and level of direct bilirubin were recorded. Physical condition was also assessed. The Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) was used to evaluate the neurobehavioral status of the newborns. Additionally, the incidence of complications was recorded for both groups, and metabolomic changes were analyzed. Results:After intervention, the control group exhibited a time to regain birth weight of (20.67 ± 8.31) days, a time to reach a body weight of 2.0 kg of (53.57 ± 12.51) days, a lowest recorded body weight of (1.32 ± 0.21) kg, a body weight loss percentage of (12.31 ± 5.52)%, and a body weight gain of (15.02 ± 2.30) g/(kg/d). In contrast, the intervention group demonstrated a time to regain birth weight of (14.31 ± 5.62) days, a time to reach a body weight of 2.0 kg of (39.21 ± 9.32) days, a lowest recorded body weight of (1.01 ± 0.17) kg, a body weight loss percentage of (7.84 ± 4.92)%, and a body weight gain of (17.74 ± 3.94) g·kg?1·d?1. All differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 4.28, 9.96, 7.69, 4.05, 4.11, all P < 0.001). The difference in the lowest body weight day between the two groups of children was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the control group had an initial oral feeding duration of (8.30 ± 1.37) days, with a vomiting frequency of (10.25 ± 2.20) times, a daily milk intake of (35.38 ± 3.94) mL, a gastric fluid pH value of (3.85 ± 0.20), bowel sounds of (4.94 ± 0.97) times/minute, and a direct bilirubin level of (41.98 ± 25.76) mmol/L. In contrast, the intervention group showed an initial oral feeding duration of (4.01 ± 0.76) days, a vomiting frequency of (5.61 ± 1.24) times, a daily milk intake of (43.54 ± 4.07) mL, a gastric fluid pH value of (3.41 ± 0.12), bowel sounds of (5.86 ± 1.11) times/minute, and a direct bilirubin level of (28.98 ± 18.10) mmol/L. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 18.36, 12.32, 9.66, 12.65, 4.18, 2.77, all P < 0.05). After intervention, the control group had a body length of (40.32 ± 1.84) cm, a body weight of (1.47 ± 0.55) kg, and a head circumference of (29.21 ± 1.07) cm. The intervention group had a body length of (45.00 ± 2.16) cm, a body weight of (1.83 ± 1.03) kg, and a head circumference of (30.14 ± 1.35) cm. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 11.06, 2.06, 3.62, all P < 0.05). At 40 weeks of corrected gestational age post-intervention, the control group had a NBNA score of (30.11 ± 2.41), whereas the intervention group had an NBNA score of (34.52 ± 2.82). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t = 7.97, P < 0.05). The number of patients experiencing common complications in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group [8 (17.78%) vs. 28 (62.22%), χ2 = 18.51, P < 0.05]. The control group had glycine levels of (94.07 ± 19.78) μmol/L, valine levels of (99.53 ± 13.42) μmol/L, homocysteine levels of (10.87 ± 4.43) μmol/L, cystatin levels of (233.71 ± 35.02) μmol/L, and methionine levels of (20.54 ± 4.67) μmol/L. The intervention group had glycine levels of (79.21 ± 17.54) μmol/L,valine levels of (88.70 ± 12.96) μmol/L, homocysteine levels of (13.68 ± 7.66) μmol/L, cystatin levels of (256.54 ± 35.49) μmol/L, and methionine levels of (22.97 ± 5.49) μmol/L. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 3.77, 3.89, 2.13, 3.07, 2.26, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Early enteral and parenteral nutritional support for low-birth-weight infants can restore their growth and development status, improve feeding conditions, enhance gastrointestinal function, and improve levels of metabolomic-related indicators.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)after COVID-19 epidemic so as to offer help for early clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS The clinical data that were collected from the MPP patients who were treated in the fever clinic of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Jul.2023 to Aug.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The results of laboratory tests for the different age groups of patients complicated with other pathogens were statistically analyzed.RESULTS Of totally 161 MPP patients who were enrolled in the study,78(48.85％)were male,and 83(51.55％)were fe-male;the average age was(32.98±14.35)years old,and the patients aged between 20 and 40 years old accoun-ted for 43.48％(70 cases).The enrolled patients were divided into the simple MPP group with 92(57.14％)ca-ses and the MPP+mixed group with 69(42.86％)cases according to the result of etiological test of sputum;the patients of MPP+mixed group were divided into the MPP+bacteria group with 42(60.87％)cases,the MPP+fungi group with 10(14.49％)cases,and the MPP+viruses group with 17(24.64％)cases.There was significant difference in the age among the groups(P＜0.05);there were no significant differences in the sex,white blood cell counts and percentage of mononuclear cells among the groups,the percentage of lymphocytes was highest in the simple MPP group,the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were highest in the MPP+bacteria group,and there were significant differences(P＜0.05).All of the patients were divided into three groups:the ≤20-year-old group the＞20-40-year old group and the＞40-year-old group.There were no sig-nificant differences in the white blood cell counts,percentage of lymphocytes,percentage of mononuclear cells and IL-6 level among the three groups,and the CRP level was highest in the＞20-40-year old group(P=0.025).Ran-dom forest model analysis showed that the weight of CRP was highest(22.65％)among the clinical characteristics of the MPP patients,which played a key role in construction of model.As for other factors,the weight of age was 17.02％,the percentage of lymphocytes 15.34％,the white blood cells counts 14.86％,the percentage of mono-nuclear cells 14.39％,the IL-6 13.61％,the gender 2.13％.CONCLUSION MPP maintains common among the patients aged less than 40 years old after the COVID-19 epidemic,nearly half of the patients are complicated with the infections of other pathogens,and CRP is more helpful for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the MPP in early stage.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experiences in dealing with non-severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia.METHODS The clinical data were collected from 34 patients who were diagnosed with non-severe C.psittaci pneumonia through quantitative polymerase chain reactiong(qPCR)for sputum in fever clinic of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Mar.2023 to Mar.2024 and were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were evaluated.RESULTS The average age of the patients was(44.82±13.74)years old,the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.83;all of the patients had fever;major symptoms were cough(70.59％),pharyngodynia(44.12％),and flu-like symptoms(41.18％);82.35％of the patients had the history of contact with poultry.The C-reactive pro-tein(CRP)level,interleukin-6(IL-6),systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)and aggregate index of sys-temic inflammation(AISI)were higher among the patients aged no less than 44 years old than among the patients less than 44 years old(P＜0.05);the percentage of lymphocytes of the patients aged no less than 44 years old was lower than that of the patients aged less than 44 years old(P＜0.05).As for the imaging findings,73.53％of the patients had consolidation shadows,26.47％had ground-glass opacities,and 32.35％involved both lungs.All of the patients received quinolones or tetracyclines for treatment of 7-14 days and all symptoms relieved.CT reexami-nated 1 month after the treatment showed that 55.88％of the cases had complete absorption of pulmonary infec-tious lesions,and 35.29％had partial absorption.CONCLUSIONS The patients with non-severe Chlamydia psitta-ci pneumonia are characterized by the history of contact with poultry,fever complicated with respiratory tract symptoms,rise of inflammatory markers(more significant among patients of advanced age)and lower lobe con-solidation shadow/ground-glass opacities.Early identification and standardized treatment may facilitate the favora-ble treatment outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)after COVID-19 epidemic so as to offer help for early clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS The clinical data that were collected from the MPP patients who were treated in the fever clinic of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Jul.2023 to Aug.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The results of laboratory tests for the different age groups of patients complicated with other pathogens were statistically analyzed.RESULTS Of totally 161 MPP patients who were enrolled in the study,78(48.85％)were male,and 83(51.55％)were fe-male;the average age was(32.98±14.35)years old,and the patients aged between 20 and 40 years old accoun-ted for 43.48％(70 cases).The enrolled patients were divided into the simple MPP group with 92(57.14％)ca-ses and the MPP+mixed group with 69(42.86％)cases according to the result of etiological test of sputum;the patients of MPP+mixed group were divided into the MPP+bacteria group with 42(60.87％)cases,the MPP+fungi group with 10(14.49％)cases,and the MPP+viruses group with 17(24.64％)cases.There was significant difference in the age among the groups(P＜0.05);there were no significant differences in the sex,white blood cell counts and percentage of mononuclear cells among the groups,the percentage of lymphocytes was highest in the simple MPP group,the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were highest in the MPP+bacteria group,and there were significant differences(P＜0.05).All of the patients were divided into three groups:the ≤20-year-old group the＞20-40-year old group and the＞40-year-old group.There were no sig-nificant differences in the white blood cell counts,percentage of lymphocytes,percentage of mononuclear cells and IL-6 level among the three groups,and the CRP level was highest in the＞20-40-year old group(P=0.025).Ran-dom forest model analysis showed that the weight of CRP was highest(22.65％)among the clinical characteristics of the MPP patients,which played a key role in construction of model.As for other factors,the weight of age was 17.02％,the percentage of lymphocytes 15.34％,the white blood cells counts 14.86％,the percentage of mono-nuclear cells 14.39％,the IL-6 13.61％,the gender 2.13％.CONCLUSION MPP maintains common among the patients aged less than 40 years old after the COVID-19 epidemic,nearly half of the patients are complicated with the infections of other pathogens,and CRP is more helpful for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the MPP in early stage.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experiences in dealing with non-severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia.METHODS The clinical data were collected from 34 patients who were diagnosed with non-severe C.psittaci pneumonia through quantitative polymerase chain reactiong(qPCR)for sputum in fever clinic of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Mar.2023 to Mar.2024 and were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were evaluated.RESULTS The average age of the patients was(44.82±13.74)years old,the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.83;all of the patients had fever;major symptoms were cough(70.59％),pharyngodynia(44.12％),and flu-like symptoms(41.18％);82.35％of the patients had the history of contact with poultry.The C-reactive pro-tein(CRP)level,interleukin-6(IL-6),systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)and aggregate index of sys-temic inflammation(AISI)were higher among the patients aged no less than 44 years old than among the patients less than 44 years old(P＜0.05);the percentage of lymphocytes of the patients aged no less than 44 years old was lower than that of the patients aged less than 44 years old(P＜0.05).As for the imaging findings,73.53％of the patients had consolidation shadows,26.47％had ground-glass opacities,and 32.35％involved both lungs.All of the patients received quinolones or tetracyclines for treatment of 7-14 days and all symptoms relieved.CT reexami-nated 1 month after the treatment showed that 55.88％of the cases had complete absorption of pulmonary infec-tious lesions,and 35.29％had partial absorption.CONCLUSIONS The patients with non-severe Chlamydia psitta-ci pneumonia are characterized by the history of contact with poultry,fever complicated with respiratory tract symptoms,rise of inflammatory markers(more significant among patients of advanced age)and lower lobe con-solidation shadow/ground-glass opacities.Early identification and standardized treatment may facilitate the favora-ble treatment outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the effects of early enteral and parenteral nutrition support on the growth, development, and metabolomics of low-birth-weight newborns.Methods:Ninety low-birth-weight newborns admitted to Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from April 2022 to April 2024 were included in this retrospective study. They were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 45) and an intervention group ( n = 45) according to different intervention methods. The control group received routine traditional nutritional support, while the intervention group received early enteral and parenteral nutrition support. Data were collected on the growth and development status of the newborns, as well as their feeding conditions. Gastric fluid pH value, frequency of bowel sounds, and level of direct bilirubin were recorded. Physical condition was also assessed. The Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) was used to evaluate the neurobehavioral status of the newborns. Additionally, the incidence of complications was recorded for both groups, and metabolomic changes were analyzed. Results:After intervention, the control group exhibited a time to regain birth weight of (20.67 ± 8.31) days, a time to reach a body weight of 2.0 kg of (53.57 ± 12.51) days, a lowest recorded body weight of (1.32 ± 0.21) kg, a body weight loss percentage of (12.31 ± 5.52)%, and a body weight gain of (15.02 ± 2.30) g/(kg/d). In contrast, the intervention group demonstrated a time to regain birth weight of (14.31 ± 5.62) days, a time to reach a body weight of 2.0 kg of (39.21 ± 9.32) days, a lowest recorded body weight of (1.01 ± 0.17) kg, a body weight loss percentage of (7.84 ± 4.92)%, and a body weight gain of (17.74 ± 3.94) g·kg?1·d?1. All differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 4.28, 9.96, 7.69, 4.05, 4.11, all P < 0.001). The difference in the lowest body weight day between the two groups of children was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). After intervention, the control group had an initial oral feeding duration of (8.30 ± 1.37) days, with a vomiting frequency of (10.25 ± 2.20) times, a daily milk intake of (35.38 ± 3.94) mL, a gastric fluid pH value of (3.85 ± 0.20), bowel sounds of (4.94 ± 0.97) times/minute, and a direct bilirubin level of (41.98 ± 25.76) mmol/L. In contrast, the intervention group showed an initial oral feeding duration of (4.01 ± 0.76) days, a vomiting frequency of (5.61 ± 1.24) times, a daily milk intake of (43.54 ± 4.07) mL, a gastric fluid pH value of (3.41 ± 0.12), bowel sounds of (5.86 ± 1.11) times/minute, and a direct bilirubin level of (28.98 ± 18.10) mmol/L. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 18.36, 12.32, 9.66, 12.65, 4.18, 2.77, all P < 0.05). After intervention, the control group had a body length of (40.32 ± 1.84) cm, a body weight of (1.47 ± 0.55) kg, and a head circumference of (29.21 ± 1.07) cm. The intervention group had a body length of (45.00 ± 2.16) cm, a body weight of (1.83 ± 1.03) kg, and a head circumference of (30.14 ± 1.35) cm. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 11.06, 2.06, 3.62, all P < 0.05). At 40 weeks of corrected gestational age post-intervention, the control group had a NBNA score of (30.11 ± 2.41), whereas the intervention group had an NBNA score of (34.52 ± 2.82). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t = 7.97, P < 0.05). The number of patients experiencing common complications in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group [8 (17.78%) vs. 28 (62.22%), χ2 = 18.51, P < 0.05]. The control group had glycine levels of (94.07 ± 19.78) μmol/L, valine levels of (99.53 ± 13.42) μmol/L, homocysteine levels of (10.87 ± 4.43) μmol/L, cystatin levels of (233.71 ± 35.02) μmol/L, and methionine levels of (20.54 ± 4.67) μmol/L. The intervention group had glycine levels of (79.21 ± 17.54) μmol/L,valine levels of (88.70 ± 12.96) μmol/L, homocysteine levels of (13.68 ± 7.66) μmol/L, cystatin levels of (256.54 ± 35.49) μmol/L, and methionine levels of (22.97 ± 5.49) μmol/L. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 3.77, 3.89, 2.13, 3.07, 2.26, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Early enteral and parenteral nutritional support for low-birth-weight infants can restore their growth and development status, improve feeding conditions, enhance gastrointestinal function, and improve levels of metabolomic-related indicators.

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations and surgical outcomes of pediatric epilepsy patients with epileptic spasms (ES) as the main form of seizure, so as to analyze the correlative factors with prognosis and improve the understanding of the operation and preoperative positioning for such patients.Methods:The clinical data of patients with ES who underwent surgery therapy from June 2014 to December 2015 in Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Demographic characteristics, seizure forms, etiology, electroencephalogram (EEG), cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), operative methods, pathological findings as well as surgical outcomes evaluated by Engel classification during follow-up of the subjects were collected.Correlative factors with the prognosis were explored by comparing the data between patients with optimal outcome (Engel Ⅰ) and those with poor outcomes (Engel Ⅱ-Ⅳ).Results:A total of 25 pediatric patients were enrolled, including 16 males (64.0%) and 9 females (36.0%). The age of onset was (0.81±0.68) years, the age at operation was (2.98±1.63) years, and the course of disease was (2.17±1.48) years.Besides, 84.0% (21/25 cases) of the ES patients had multiple forms of seizures and partial seizure (19 cases) was the most common.MRI of the heads of all the children showed definite lesions, including 11 patients (44.0%) with lesions limited to one brain lobe and 14 patients (56.0%) involving multiple brain lobes or hemisphere.The most common etiology was focal cortical dysplasia (13 cases), followed by intracranial developmental tumors (3 cases). All patients underwent resection surgery, including resection of lesion (3 cases), single brain lobe resection (9 cases), multiple brain lobe dissection (3 cases) and hemisphere dissection (10 cases). During a follow-up period of 4.0 to 5.5 years, 1 patient was lost.Among the remaining 24 cases, 18 (75.0%) cases achieved good outcomes and wee classified as EngelⅠ, 2 cases (8.3%) and 4 cases(16.7%) were classified as Engel Ⅱand Ⅳ, respectively.The univariate comparison between the good epilepsy prognosis group and the poor epilepsy prognosis group showed that, patients whose EEG abnormalities are consistent with the anatomical lesions during the inter ictal tend to have good prognosis( P=0.006). Conclusions:(1) Optimal therapeutic effects were observed in ES patients with definite lesions treated by surgical therapy.(2) Interictal EEG consistent with the lesion side may suggest a good prognosis for surgical treatment.(3) Structural causes should be screened as soon as possible if a patient with ES is drug-refractory and presents clues of focal origin.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (ASMVT).Methods Clinical data of 36 ASMVT patients admitted to our department from Jan 2014 to Oct 2017 were retrospectively analyzed,the differences of the clinical data and prognosis of nonsurgical group and surgical group were studied.Results All patients received anticoagulation therapy immediately after diagnosis,and recanalization rate was 42％.Surgical group included 21 cases,of which 9 cases received emergency surgery,12 cases received delayed bowel resection.There was significant difference between non-surgical group and surgical group (P ＞ 0.05) in hemoglobin level at admission (124 ±29)g/L vs.(93 ± 13) g/L,t =3.880,P =0.006.Compared with delayed bowel resection group emergency surgery group had longer bowel resection (65 ± 58) cm vs.(13 ± 6) cm,t =2.700,P =0.035,more loop ileostomy (6 vs.1,x2 =7.875,P =0.016),more postoperative complication rate (56％ vs.8％,x2 =5.619,P =0.046),but there was no significant difference in hospitalization time,hospitalization cost,postoperative recurrence and mortality rate (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Early anticoagulantion therapy is advised for ASMVT patients to avoid bowel resection or reduce the length of intestinal resection.It is advisable for those who can be tided over to delayed bowel resection with intestinal obstruction.

Objective To design a high performance and low power consumption ECG signal acquisition system which can meet the demand for long time monitoring of the physiological status of patients.Methods The prototype system utilized low power ECG analog front end ADAS1000 and MSP430F5529 microcontroller to achieve configuration of AFE and back-reading of ECG data by SPI bus. Results This system implemented 24-hour dynamic ECG monitoring of patients in active state, and the data acquired were accurate and reliable.Conclusion The system realizes PCB integration, low power consumption, and can be used for battery powered portable application such as wearable devices.