BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease involves inflammation,immune activation,visceral hypersensitivity,and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.Inflammation promotes the release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells,damaging the enteric nervous system.Enteric glial cells are an important component of the intestinal nervous system and are excellent cells for studying intestinal neuroinflammation.Primary enteric glial cells play a crucial role in exploring cell therapies for intestinal nervous system diseases.Currently,the methods for obtaining these cells are mostly cumbersome.Therefore,finding a convenient and fast method for extracting this cell is crucial.OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for optimizing the isolation,culture,and identification of mouse enteric glial cells.METHODS:0-7-day-old C57BL/6 neonatal mice were euthanized by excessive inhalation of isoflurane.After soaking in 75％alcohol for disinfection,the duodenum(1 cm below the pylorus to 1 cm above the Qu's ligament)was removed by laparotomy at the midline of the abdomen.A 1 mL syringe was filled with DPBS and the intestinal contents were repeatedly rinsed until the intestine became translucent,and the mesentery and blood vessels were peeled off.The duodenum was cut to a size of 1 mm and digested in 0.25％EDTA trypsin for 20 minutes.Then an equal amount of DMEM/F12 complete culture medium was added to terminate digestion.The liquid was filtered through a 100 μm cell filter,centrifuged,and the cells were resuspended in 1 mL of DMEM/F12 complete culture medium.When the cell adhesion growth density reached 80％,cells were digested for subculture.When cells were cultured to the third generation,glial fibrillary acid protein labeled with enteric glial cells was used for identification by immunofluorescence method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The isolated and cultured cells were full of colloids,with protrusions extending outward and passable.Glial fibrillary acid protein staining was positive.This method can successfully isolate and culture enteric glial cells and is easy to operate,providing a stable model for the study of the pathophysiology of the enteric nervous system.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for stroke-associated pneumonia(SAP)in patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular treatment(EVT).Methods A total of 115 patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke who received EVT in the Department of Neurology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from March 2022 to May 2023 were continuously included.Their clinical data were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into SAP group(55 cases)and non-SAP group(60 cases)according to the occurrence of SAP after the operation.Differences in baseline data,surgical and perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups,and the risk factors for SAP after EVT were analyzed using the multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Univariate analysis showed there were significant differences in the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at admission,incidence of dysphagia,duration of the surgery,proportion of general anesthesia,rate of unsuccessful vascular recanalization and the rate of immediate CT high-density sign between SAP group and non-SAP group(all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the above indicators showed that duration of the surgery(OR=1.014,95％CI:1.001-1.028,P＜0.05),dysphagia(OR=6.137,95％CI:1.694-22.232,P＜0.01)and unsuccessful vascular recanalization(OR=6.043,95％CI:1.062-34.382,P＜0.05)were independent risk factors for SAP after EVT.Conclusion Long duration of EVT,dysphagia and unsuccessful vascular recanalization are directly related to the occurrence of SAP after EVT in patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusive infarction.Therefore,targeted measures should be taken as soon as possible to reduce the incidence of SAP after EVT and thus improve the clinical prognosis of these patients.

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke disability diminishes the physical activity (PA) level of survivors, potentially affecting their long-term prognosis. This study endeavors to explore the correlation between daily PA level and the all-cause mortality in patients with a history of stoke in the United States. METHODS: Data of stroke survivors were sourced from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. The population was stratified into three groups based on their PA level. Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests for significance was used for survival analysis. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality. Subgroup analysis was conducted to strengthen the results. RESULTS: A total of 1395 participants were recruited, comprising 679 males and 716 females, with a median age of 68 years. Based on their PA levels, 779 individuals were classified as inactive, 156 as insufficiently active, and 460 as sufficiently active. Following a median observation period of 59 months, there were 476 recorded deaths, with 349, 47, and 80 cases in the three respective groups. Compared to the inactive group, the HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality in participants who were insufficiently active and sufficiently active were 0.58 (0.40, 0.84) and 0.47 (0.33, 0.67), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a significant difference in overall survival between the three groups, as confirmed by the log-rank test (P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis further validated our results and demonstrated that the protective impact of PA on stroke prognosis varies according to distinct characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that increased levels of PA are associated with a protective effect on long-term mortality among stroke survivors. Further prospective longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate the optional PA level and special exercise guideline targeting this population.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Exercise ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Stroke/mortality* ; United States/epidemiology* ; Survivors/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Mortality

Objective To investigate the risk factors for stroke-associated pneumonia(SAP)in patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular treatment(EVT).Methods A total of 115 patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke who received EVT in the Department of Neurology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from March 2022 to May 2023 were continuously included.Their clinical data were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into SAP group(55 cases)and non-SAP group(60 cases)according to the occurrence of SAP after the operation.Differences in baseline data,surgical and perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups,and the risk factors for SAP after EVT were analyzed using the multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Univariate analysis showed there were significant differences in the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at admission,incidence of dysphagia,duration of the surgery,proportion of general anesthesia,rate of unsuccessful vascular recanalization and the rate of immediate CT high-density sign between SAP group and non-SAP group(all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the above indicators showed that duration of the surgery(OR=1.014,95％CI:1.001-1.028,P＜0.05),dysphagia(OR=6.137,95％CI:1.694-22.232,P＜0.01)and unsuccessful vascular recanalization(OR=6.043,95％CI:1.062-34.382,P＜0.05)were independent risk factors for SAP after EVT.Conclusion Long duration of EVT,dysphagia and unsuccessful vascular recanalization are directly related to the occurrence of SAP after EVT in patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusive infarction.Therefore,targeted measures should be taken as soon as possible to reduce the incidence of SAP after EVT and thus improve the clinical prognosis of these patients.

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease involves inflammation,immune activation,visceral hypersensitivity,and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.Inflammation promotes the release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells,damaging the enteric nervous system.Enteric glial cells are an important component of the intestinal nervous system and are excellent cells for studying intestinal neuroinflammation.Primary enteric glial cells play a crucial role in exploring cell therapies for intestinal nervous system diseases.Currently,the methods for obtaining these cells are mostly cumbersome.Therefore,finding a convenient and fast method for extracting this cell is crucial.OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for optimizing the isolation,culture,and identification of mouse enteric glial cells.METHODS:0-7-day-old C57BL/6 neonatal mice were euthanized by excessive inhalation of isoflurane.After soaking in 75％alcohol for disinfection,the duodenum(1 cm below the pylorus to 1 cm above the Qu's ligament)was removed by laparotomy at the midline of the abdomen.A 1 mL syringe was filled with DPBS and the intestinal contents were repeatedly rinsed until the intestine became translucent,and the mesentery and blood vessels were peeled off.The duodenum was cut to a size of 1 mm and digested in 0.25％EDTA trypsin for 20 minutes.Then an equal amount of DMEM/F12 complete culture medium was added to terminate digestion.The liquid was filtered through a 100 μm cell filter,centrifuged,and the cells were resuspended in 1 mL of DMEM/F12 complete culture medium.When the cell adhesion growth density reached 80％,cells were digested for subculture.When cells were cultured to the third generation,glial fibrillary acid protein labeled with enteric glial cells was used for identification by immunofluorescence method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The isolated and cultured cells were full of colloids,with protrusions extending outward and passable.Glial fibrillary acid protein staining was positive.This method can successfully isolate and culture enteric glial cells and is easy to operate,providing a stable model for the study of the pathophysiology of the enteric nervous system.

Objective:Clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment process was reported and analyzed of a patient with brucellosis complicated with thyroid abscess, providing reference for the clinical diagnosis of brucellosis complicated with thyroid abscess.Methods:Clinical medical records of a patient with brucellosis complicated with thyroid abscess who was treated at the General Surgery Department of Yanchi County People's Hospital in Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in November 2021 were collected. The clinical manifestations, blood routine, brucella antibodies, thyroid function, bacterial culture, thyroid ultrasound and other examination results, as well as the diagnosis and treatment process, were comprehensively analyzed. Results:The patient was a male, 61 years old, who presented with a neck mass without typical clinical manifestations of brucellosis. Thyroid ultrasound revealed a space occupying lesion, and the preliminary diagnosis was thyroid cystadenoma. Thyroid right lobe and isthmus resection surgery was performed. During the operation, it was found that some of the thyroid glands were tightly adhered to the cervical blood vessels, so the resection surgery was changed to abscess drainage, and the drainage fluid was purulent and bloody. The bacterial culture result of thyroid purulent fluid (intraoperative puncture fluid and postoperative drainage fluid) was brucella lamblia, and the serum brucella test tube agglutination test titer was 1 ∶ 400 (+++). The patient improved and was discharged after local drainage and anti brucella treatment. Follow up for 4 months showed no abnormalities. Conclusions:Brucellosis which begins with a local infection of the thyroid gland is extremely rare, with no characteristic clinical manifestations, and is prone to misdiagnosis. Timely correction of the surgical plan during the treatment process avoids the removal of the patient's thyroid, which has a certain clinical reference value.

To explore the clinical effect, safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane (RISS) block for postoperative analgesia after minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE-McKeown), and provide new ideas for the selection of postoperative analgesia programs for minimally invasive esophageal cancer surgery patients.

Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase is used widely in the glycobiology studies and industries. In this study, a new endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, designated as Endo SA, was cloned from Streptomyces alfalfae ACCC 40021 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified recombinant Endo SA exhibited the maximum activity at 35 ºC and pH 6.0, good thermo/pH stability and high specific activity (1.0×10⁶ U/mg). It displayed deglycosylation activity towards different protein substrates. These good properties make EndoSA a potential tool enzyme and industrial biocatalyst.
Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme Stability ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Streptomyces ; enzymology ; genetics

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiovascular system. The family of NOX includes seven isoforms, and expressed in different cardiovascular cell types and cell compartments, modulating multiple functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, and inflammatory responses. The NOX-derived ROS are involved in many processes associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular disease, ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction, and so on.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; NADPH Oxidases ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species