Objective:To investigate the radiation field distribution characteristics in a 9 MeV electron FLASH (e-FLASH) linear accelerator treatment room.Methods:The Geant4 Monte Carlo program was employed for physical simulating of the radiation field distribution inside and outside the treatment room under a single-beam delivery condition with a total dose of 50 Gy at the reference point and a dose rate of 250 Gy/s. High-sensitivity radiation detectors (AT1123) were used to validate the measurements at key points.Results:The dose rate at the reference point was approximately 9×10 11 μSv/h. Due to the scattering and shielding effects, the deviation of the attenuation rate from the inverse-square law was observed and the isodose lines exhibited spatial drift. Measured dose rates at key points showed good agreement with the simulation result, with a maximum deviation within 30%. Conclusions:The complex radiation field distribution can be effectively simulated using Geant4 in an e-FLASH treatment room. This indicated the Geant4 is not only applicable for the shielding calculations in e-FLASH radiotherapy facilities, but also for the design optimization through, reduction of trial-and-error iterations and engineering costs.

Porcine arthritis,one of the common chronic diseases in large-scale pig farms,can signifi-cantly reduce the production performance of meat pigs.In this study,a strain of Haemophilus pa-rasuis(HPS)was isolated from the joint fluid of a lame pig.The HPS was analyzed in terms of se-rotypes,virulence genes,and resistance genes.Additionally,it was treated with sensitive antibiotics to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of arthritis in meat pigs in future production settings.A strain of HPS type 14 was isolated from the joint fluid of dis-eased pigs.The HPS isolate demonstrated sensitivity to β-lactams and tetracyclines,while florfeni-col and polymyxin effectively inhibited its growth at low concentrations.However,the bacteria ex-hibited resistance to sulfonamides and ciprofloxacin.The treatment of affected pigs with clinical ar-thritis using doxycycline and enrofloxacin injections proved effective.Compared to the infected group,in which the sick pigs experienced difficulty flexing their carpal and tarsal joints and exhibi-ted significant lameness,the pigs in the treatment group showed marked improvement.Their joints were only slightly swollen,and the clinical symptoms of arthropathy were alleviated.

Objective:To investigate the radiation field distribution characteristics in a 9 MeV electron FLASH (e-FLASH) linear accelerator treatment room.Methods:The Geant4 Monte Carlo program was employed for physical simulating of the radiation field distribution inside and outside the treatment room under a single-beam delivery condition with a total dose of 50 Gy at the reference point and a dose rate of 250 Gy/s. High-sensitivity radiation detectors (AT1123) were used to validate the measurements at key points.Results:The dose rate at the reference point was approximately 9×10 11 μSv/h. Due to the scattering and shielding effects, the deviation of the attenuation rate from the inverse-square law was observed and the isodose lines exhibited spatial drift. Measured dose rates at key points showed good agreement with the simulation result, with a maximum deviation within 30%. Conclusions:The complex radiation field distribution can be effectively simulated using Geant4 in an e-FLASH treatment room. This indicated the Geant4 is not only applicable for the shielding calculations in e-FLASH radiotherapy facilities, but also for the design optimization through, reduction of trial-and-error iterations and engineering costs.

Porcine arthritis,one of the common chronic diseases in large-scale pig farms,can signifi-cantly reduce the production performance of meat pigs.In this study,a strain of Haemophilus pa-rasuis(HPS)was isolated from the joint fluid of a lame pig.The HPS was analyzed in terms of se-rotypes,virulence genes,and resistance genes.Additionally,it was treated with sensitive antibiotics to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of arthritis in meat pigs in future production settings.A strain of HPS type 14 was isolated from the joint fluid of dis-eased pigs.The HPS isolate demonstrated sensitivity to β-lactams and tetracyclines,while florfeni-col and polymyxin effectively inhibited its growth at low concentrations.However,the bacteria ex-hibited resistance to sulfonamides and ciprofloxacin.The treatment of affected pigs with clinical ar-thritis using doxycycline and enrofloxacin injections proved effective.Compared to the infected group,in which the sick pigs experienced difficulty flexing their carpal and tarsal joints and exhibi-ted significant lameness,the pigs in the treatment group showed marked improvement.Their joints were only slightly swollen,and the clinical symptoms of arthropathy were alleviated.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi.They often contaminate various crops,and are detrimental to human and animal health.Mycotoxins have a variety of toxic effects,such as neurotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,immunotox-icity,teratogenicity,and carcinogenicity.However,the mechanism of immunotoxicity is still unclear.Dendritic cells(DCs),as the most potent antigen presenting cells,play a vital role in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses.Previous studies have found that mycotoxins can affect the endocytosis of DCs,the ability to stimulate T cell activation,the secretion of cytokines and chemokines.Thus,this review is aim to summarize the effects of mycotoxins on DCs-mediated immune responses,which may provide reference for researches to clarify the immunotoxicity mechanism of mycotoxins.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of dose distribution of neuronal networks in vitro on microelectrode arrays(MEAs)under 2.6 GHz radiofrequency(RF)exposure.Methods The MEAs were coupled with a real-time RF exposure setup,and electromagnetic simulation software was used to calculate the RF dose absorbed in cultured neuronal networks.A fiber-optic temperature probe was used for experimental validation and monitoring of the cell temperature during RF exposure.The MEAs were used to record the electrical activity of neurons.Results For an input power of 1 W,a specific absorption rate(SAR)level of(15.51±2.48)W/kg was calculated,and the variability of the SAR distribution was 16%.In our experimental system,the temperature elevation of neurons was up to 0.15℃for an SAR of 4 W/kg RF exposure.Conclusion The exposure device can provide high SAR efficiency and uniformity in the 2.6 GHz band,which is suitable for studying the real-time effects of RF fields on the electrical activity of neuronal networks in the 5G network band.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Buyang Huanwutang combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell （BMSC） transplantation in the treatment of spinal cord injury （SCI）. MethodDifferent concentrations （12.5， 25， 50 g·kg^-1） of Buyang Huanwutang were administrated to rats by gavage. The spinal cord function of rats was measured by modified Tarlov score， and the most suitable concentration of Buyang Huanwutang was screened out. SD rats were then divided into 6 groups， namely， the sham operation group （gavage of equal amount of normal saline）， the model group （gavage of equal amount of normal saline）， the Buyang Huanwutang group （gavage of 25 g·kg^-1 Buyang Huanwutang）， the BMSC transplantation group （tail vein injection of BMSCs 1 mL）， the Buyang Huanwutang+BMSC group （gavage of 25 g·kg^-1 Buyang Huanwutang and tail vein injection of BMSCs 1 mL）， the Buyang Huanwutang+BMSC+LY294002 group （gavage of 25 g·kg^-1 Buyang Huanwutang and tail vein injection of BMSCs 1 mL and 40 mg·kg^-1 LY294002）， with 10 rats in each group. The spinal cord function was measured by the modified Tarlov score， inclined plate test， and latency of cortical somatosensory evoked potential. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the number of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuracil nucleoside （Brdu）-labeled positive cells in the spinal cord tissue. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt）， glycoprotein 130 （gp130）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in spinal cord were detected by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the sham operation group， the Tarlov score and the critical angle of tilt plane in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the latency of cortical somatosensory evoked potential wave and the protein expression levels of p-Akt， gp130， and IL-6 were significantly increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the model group， the Tarlov score and the critical angle of tilt plane in the sham operation group and each treatment group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the latency of cortical somatosensory evoked potential wave and the protein expression levels of p-Akt， gp130， and IL-6 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. As compared with the BMSC group， the Tarlov score and the critical angle of inclined plane in the Buyang Huanwutang+BMSC group increased （P<0.05）， the latency of cortical somatosensory evoked potential wave and the protein expression levels of p-Akt， gp130， and IL-6 decreased （P<0.05）， and the number of Brdu-labeled positive cells increased 5 weeks after transplantation （P<0.05）. As compared with the Buyang Huanwutang+BMSC group， the Tarlov score and the critical angle of the inclined plane in the Buyang Huanwutang+BMSC+LY294002 group increased （P<0.05）， and the latency of cortical somatosensory evoked potential wave and the protein expression levels of p-Akt， gp130， and IL-6 decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Five weeks after transplantation， the number of Brdu-labeled positive cells increased significantly in the Buyang Huanwutang+BMSC+LY294002 group （P<0.05）. ConclusionBuyang Huanwutang can promote BMSCs migration and restore spinal cord function by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signal.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of functional connectivity (FC) and regional spontaneous brain activity in patients in a minimally-conscious state (MCS).Methods:Resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (rs-fNIRS) was used. Ten minimally-conscious patients were studied along with 12 healthy counterparts as healthy controls (HC). Five minutes of rs-fNIRS data were recorded from each subject and FC and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) of 53 channels were computed using the NIRS-KIT toolbox. The results were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the HC group, a significant decrease was observed in the average FC strength of seventeen channel pairs after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Most were in the right and left frontal pole, as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe. Compared with the HC group, the average fALFF values of Broca′s area (channel 2), the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex (channels 4, 10, and 40), the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (channels 6, 11, 25, 39), the eye motor area of the frontal lobe (channel 12) and the frontal pole (channels 23, 27, 36) were significantly greater in the MCS group. The fluctuations of the frontal pole (channel 19) were significantly less (after FDR correction).Conclusion:In an MCS spontaneous neural activity is over-active in the prefrontal lobe and some speech- and motor-related brain regions, and coordination of the internal prefrontal functional network is disordered.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of Zero-profile (Zero-p) intervertebral fusion and titanium plate combined with cage fusion in treating symptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients who underwent ACDF and readmission due to concurrent symptomatic ASD from October 2014 to June 2019. There were 17 males and 9 females, aged 54.15±8.60 (range 41-68) years. The index level included C 2, 3 1 case, C 3, 4 3 cases, C 4,5 9 cases, C 5, 6 6 cases, C 6, 7 7 cases. Twelve cases underwent anterior cervical decompression with Zero-p intervertebral fusion and fixation (Zero-p group), while 14 cases underwent anterior cervical decompression with titanium plate combined with cage fusion and fixation (titanium plate group). The following parameters, including operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue score (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), dysphagia Bazaz grade, bone graft fusion Eck grade, C 2-C 7 Cobb angle, and related complications, were compared between the two groups. Results:The operation was performed successfully in all the patients. The patients were followed up for averagely 33.38±21.26 (range 12-71) months. The operation duration was 95.83±5.47 (range 89-105) min in the Zero-p group, which was shorter than 121.28±8.24 (range 106-131) min in the titanium plate group. The Bazaz classification of dysphagia in the Zero-p group was superior to the titanium plate group at 1 month after operation ( W=126.00, P=0.022). Neither group had dysphagia 3 months after surgery. The JOA score increased from preoperative 9.50±1.31 to 14.33±0.78, and VAS decreased from 5.33±1.67 to 0.83±0.72 in the Zero-p group. The NDI decreased from 43.62%±9.31% to 14.99%±3.26%, and C 2-C 7 Cobb changed from 8.26°±2.92° to 14.80°±4.18° in the Zero-p group. The JOA score increased from preoperative 9.14±1.79 to 14.71±0.73, and VAS decreased from 5.43±1.55 to 1.43±0.76 in the titanium plate group. The NDI decreased from 43.76%±8.47% to 14.22%±4.59%, and C 2-C 7 Cobb changed from 5.53°±9.04° to 14.68°±6.89° in the titanium plate group. No complication, such as screw loosening or breakage or esophageal injury, occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion:Both methods can achieve good clinical effects in treating symptomatic ASD and can restore the physiological curvature of the cervical spine to a certain extent. Furthermore, the advantages of Zero-p intervertebral fusion include shorter operation duration, reducing soft tissue injury and less postoperative dysphagia.

Objective To explore the role of CT scan for the diagnosis of lung metastasis in stage Ⅲ gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).Methods To figure out the role of CT scan for lung metastasis in GTN initial diagnosis,treatment and follow-up,93 GTN patients with lung metastasis from January,2015 to December,2016 were retrospectively analyzed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.Results (1) Among 93 GTN patients with lung metastasis,70 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) score ≤6 were defined as low risk GTN and 23 patients score score ≥7 were defined as high risk GTN.Forty nine patients had negative chest X-ray findings and 39 cases with pulmonary lesions were identified both by chest X-ray compared to CT scan.Five cases were excluded due to no consensus could make for the results of chest X-ray.The true positive rate of chest X-ray for lung metastasis were 41％ (29/70) in low risk GTN and 43％ (10/23) in high risk GTN patients without statistical difference (x2=0.090,P=0.925).For those patients with positive chest CT scan and negative chest X-ray finding,pulmonary lesions in 32 (65％,32/49) cases were blocked by heart,chest wall or diaphragm in chest X-ray.Seventeen (35％,17/49) patients with lung lesions less than 5 mm had negative chest X-ray results due to the lower sensitivity compared to CT scan.(2) In 88 patients with stage Ⅲ,78 patients had successful initial treatment,but 4 of them were recurrence in twelve months follow-up.Ten patients were chemotherapy resistance for the initial treatment.The initial chemotherapy remission rate in low risk GTN patients was higher than that in high risk ones (x2=4.911,P=0.027).In 49 cases with negative chest X-ray,there was no correlation with the rate of remission,chemotherapy resistance and recurrence in stage Ⅲ patients (P＞0.05).(3) For those patients who had poorly response to initial chemotherapy,the diameters of lesions in lung were unchanged or increased during the treatment,form (5.1±4.1) mm to (7.4±2.8) mm.The pulmonary lesions were continuously shrunk from (7.8 ± 5.3) mm to (4.7 ± 4.4) mm for those patients with complete and partial remission including the recurrent GTN patients (Z=-2.713,P=0.007).Conclusions Patients with GTN in stage Ⅲ have down staging if only use chest X-ray for imaging at the initial diagnosis.Chest CT scan is recommended for primary imaging evaluation of FIGO staging in qualified medical organization.For those patients with persistent abnormal serum hCG level and negative chest X-ray,chest CT scan is strongly recommended to identify the persist or resistant lung lesions and follow up.