Calorie restriction has garnered significant attention in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. During calorie restriction, various appetite-regulating hormones undergo changes, including a decrease in leptin, insulin, and amylin, along with an increase in peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, and pancreatic polypeptide. These hormonal changes play a crucial role in regulating the body's feeding processes, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and maintaining energy balance. In this paper, we discuss the effects of dietary restriction therapy on appetite-regulating hormones and the mechanisms by which this therapy aids in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Our goal is to provide insights for the prevention and long-term management of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Calorie restriction has garnered significant attention in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. During calorie restriction, various appetite-regulating hormones undergo changes, including a decrease in leptin, insulin, and amylin, along with an increase in peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, and pancreatic polypeptide. These hormonal changes play a crucial role in regulating the body's feeding processes, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and maintaining energy balance. In this paper, we discuss the effects of dietary restriction therapy on appetite-regulating hormones and the mechanisms by which this therapy aids in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Our goal is to provide insights for the prevention and long-term management of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing fall risk scores in elderly individuals.Methods:A total of 4 419 individuals were randomly selected using the cluster sampling method from Beijing, Nanning(Guangxi), and Yinchuan(Ningxia).Data on demographic characteristics and fall-related incidents were gathered and analyzed for their correlation with fall risk scores.Results:The fall risk score showed significant associations with various factors, such as the history of falls within one year( β=-3.607, 95% CI: -3.881 to -3.332), care methods( β=2.442, 95% CI: 2.226 to 2.658), exercise( β=0.714, 95% CI: 0.443 to 0.986), retirement( β=-0.585, 95% CI: -0.819 to -0.351), age( β=0.173, 95% CI: 0.159 to 0.187), and use of walking aids( β=-3.737, 95% CI: -4.054 to -3.421). Conclusions:Fall risk scores in older adults are influenced by a variety of factors.Factors such as no history of falls within the past year, living independently, engaging in physical activity, and being employed may contribute to lower fall risk scores in older adults.

OBJECTIVE To sum marize the pro cedure and informatization construction of centralized volume-based procurement（VBP）in our hospital ，in order to give references for normal development of centralized VBP. METHODS The standardized workflow system was established ，including using flow chart method to establish standardized workflow ，carrying out procedure training and inspection of procedure implementation ， and continuously conducting procedure optimization. The information system was developed for the task links that needed a lot of calculation to improve the automation level of information processing. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Eight specific work procedures were established in our hospital ，including the work procedures of submitting the demand data of centralized VBP and the implementation of centralized VBP ，and has taken measures such as procedure training ，establishing supervision and inspection system and using auxiliary means to promote the implementation of the procedure ，so as to optimize the procedure and work form. An informatization platform for the clinical task allocation of the agreed purchase quantity of centralized VBP and a supervision platform for the daily use of VBP were also established in our hospital，then the two tasks with a large amount of calculation could be finished. Standardized workflow system and informatization platform construction has improved the operation and supervision efficiency of centralized VBP in our hospital ，ensured the completion of centralized purchase tasks and saved human resources ，which has a certain promotion value.

Objective:To confirm the efficacy and safety of cinepazide maleate injection in acute ischemic stroke patients with obvious motor function deficit.Methods:This study is a subgroup analysis of multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ⅳ clinical trial. A total 812 patients of acute ischemic stroke with obvious limb motor deficit [motor function of limbs score in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥4] were enrolled in this subgroup analysis. Patients received either cinepazide maleate injection or placebo. The treatment period was 14 days and follow-up was 90 days. The efficacy endpoints included the proportions of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2, mRS score ≤1 and Barthel Index <95 on day 90. Safety was evaluated by recording all adverse events, monitoring vital signs, laboratory parameters and electrocardiogram.Results:A total of 732 patients were involved in the final efficacy analysis (361 in cinepazide maleate group and 371 in control group). The baseline limb motor function score of NIHSS was 5.23±1.43 in the cinepazide maleate group whereas 5.20±1.36 in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that following treatment for 90 days, the proportion of patients with a mRS score ≤2 was significantly higher in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [56.0% (202/361) vs 44.2% (164/371), OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.82, P=0.002]. The proportion of patients with a mRS score ≤1 was higher in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [43.3% (139/361) vs 35.2% (118/371), OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.97, P=0.031]. The proportion of patients with a Barthel Index <95 on day 90 was significantly lower in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [45.2% (145/361) vs 55.2% (185/371), OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.88, P=0.007]. During the treatment and follow-up period, the incidence of the most common adverse events in the cinepazide maleate group was 50.4% (199/395). Constipation and abnormal liver function were more common, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion:Cinepazide maleate injection is superior to placebo in improving neurological function and activities of daily living, reducing disability, and promoting functional recovery and safe in patients with acute ischemic stroke with obvious limb motor deficit.

In this paper, the domestic and international demand and development trend of clinical diagnostic radionuclides are analyzed, and the medium and high-energy cyclotrons, adequate and systematic facilities, and preparation techniques required for the production of medical radionuclides based on solid targets are introduced. This paper focuses on the research and development carried out by some important medical institutions and scientific research institutes in China over the years in the aspects of medium and high-energy cyclotrons, beam transmission lines, high-power irradiation target stations and new medical isotope production processes etc. It also looks forward to some new directions for the development of medical radionuclides in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of ketogenic diet(KD) on pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation in db/db mice.Methods:In animal study, 8-week-old db/db male mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) were randomly divided into 3 groups: T2DM model group(ND), KD group, 75% caloric restriction(CR) group, and male C57BL/6 mice of the same age as normal control group(C) fed with standard diet. Both C and ND groups were on ad lititum feeding of chow, the KD group was free to eat the ketogenic diet, and the CR group was the positive control group, consuming 75% of the calories of the ND group every day. Four weeks after different diet intervention, body weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glucose tolerance and blood β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHB) were measured. Morphology and structure of pancreatic islet was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE). Immunofluorescence co-staining was used to observe the expression of mouse pancreatic β-cell specific transcription factors.Results:After 4 weeks diet intervention, the fasting blood glucose, insulin and the area under the curve of blood glucose in KD group was significantly decreased( P<0.05); When compared with ND group, the morphology and structure of the islets in the KD group were more regular, and the number of islet cells increased as revealed with HE staining. Pancreatic immunofluorescence co-assay showed that KD not only restored the number and arrangement of β-cells and the ratio of β/α-cell in the pancreatic islets, but also reversed the expression of specific β-cell transcription factors such as pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor-1(PDX1). Conclusion:KD can reduce fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and improve glucose tolerance in db/db mice, which may be related to its ability to restore the expression of specific β-cell transcription factors and reverse the dedifferentiation of pancreatic β-cells.

Objective:To investigate the blood pressure change in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and hypertension treated with cinepazide maleate injection.Methods:This was a subgroup analysis of post-marketing clinical confirmation study of cinepazide maleate injection for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-parallel controlled trial, which conducted in China from August 2016 to February 2019. Eligible patients fulfilled the inclusive criteria of acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of 7-25. The primary endpoints were mean blood pressure of AIS patients treated with cinepazide maleate or control, which were assessed during the treatment period (14 days), and the proportion of the patients with normal blood pressure was analyzed after the treatment period. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was performed to investigate a possible effect of the history of hypertension on outcomes.Results:This analysis included 809 patients with hypertension. There was no significant difference in patients blood pressure and the proportion of patients with normal blood pressure (60.5% vs. 59.0%, P>0.05) between cinepazide maleate group and control group. Conclusion:Administration of cinepazide maleate injection does not affect the management of clinical blood pressure in patients with AIS.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most common male sex chromosome abnormalities with diverse clinical manifestation and low diagnostic rate, though the specific details of treatment options remain controversial. European Academy of Andrology issued guidelines on KS in 2021 for the first time in the world according to recent evidence, and comprehensively described the etiology, epidemiology, screening and treatment of KS. The guideline consists of 47 recommendations covering the scopes of clinical manifestations, follow-up programs, screening and treatment options for KS at different ages, and provides more reasonable and standardized guidance for the management of KS.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most common male sex chromosome abnormalities with diverse clinical manifestation and low diagnostic rate, though the specific details of treatment options remain controversial. European Academy of Andrology issued guidelines on KS in 2021 for the first time in the world according to recent evidence, and comprehensively described the etiology, epidemiology, screening and treatment of KS. The guideline consists of 47 recommendations covering the scopes of clinical manifestations, follow-up programs, screening and treatment options for KS at different ages, and provides more reasonable and standardized guidance for the management of KS.