Objective:To investigate the factors influencing fall risk scores in elderly individuals.Methods:A total of 4 419 individuals were randomly selected using the cluster sampling method from Beijing, Nanning(Guangxi), and Yinchuan(Ningxia).Data on demographic characteristics and fall-related incidents were gathered and analyzed for their correlation with fall risk scores.Results:The fall risk score showed significant associations with various factors, such as the history of falls within one year( β=-3.607, 95% CI: -3.881 to -3.332), care methods( β=2.442, 95% CI: 2.226 to 2.658), exercise( β=0.714, 95% CI: 0.443 to 0.986), retirement( β=-0.585, 95% CI: -0.819 to -0.351), age( β=0.173, 95% CI: 0.159 to 0.187), and use of walking aids( β=-3.737, 95% CI: -4.054 to -3.421). Conclusions:Fall risk scores in older adults are influenced by a variety of factors.Factors such as no history of falls within the past year, living independently, engaging in physical activity, and being employed may contribute to lower fall risk scores in older adults.

In this paper, the domestic and international demand and development trend of clinical diagnostic radionuclides are analyzed, and the medium and high-energy cyclotrons, adequate and systematic facilities, and preparation techniques required for the production of medical radionuclides based on solid targets are introduced. This paper focuses on the research and development carried out by some important medical institutions and scientific research institutes in China over the years in the aspects of medium and high-energy cyclotrons, beam transmission lines, high-power irradiation target stations and new medical isotope production processes etc. It also looks forward to some new directions for the development of medical radionuclides in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of ketogenic diet(KD) on pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation in db/db mice.Methods:In animal study, 8-week-old db/db male mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) were randomly divided into 3 groups: T2DM model group(ND), KD group, 75% caloric restriction(CR) group, and male C57BL/6 mice of the same age as normal control group(C) fed with standard diet. Both C and ND groups were on ad lititum feeding of chow, the KD group was free to eat the ketogenic diet, and the CR group was the positive control group, consuming 75% of the calories of the ND group every day. Four weeks after different diet intervention, body weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glucose tolerance and blood β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHB) were measured. Morphology and structure of pancreatic islet was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE). Immunofluorescence co-staining was used to observe the expression of mouse pancreatic β-cell specific transcription factors.Results:After 4 weeks diet intervention, the fasting blood glucose, insulin and the area under the curve of blood glucose in KD group was significantly decreased( P<0.05); When compared with ND group, the morphology and structure of the islets in the KD group were more regular, and the number of islet cells increased as revealed with HE staining. Pancreatic immunofluorescence co-assay showed that KD not only restored the number and arrangement of β-cells and the ratio of β/α-cell in the pancreatic islets, but also reversed the expression of specific β-cell transcription factors such as pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor-1(PDX1). Conclusion:KD can reduce fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and improve glucose tolerance in db/db mice, which may be related to its ability to restore the expression of specific β-cell transcription factors and reverse the dedifferentiation of pancreatic β-cells.

Objective:To confirm the efficacy and safety of cinepazide maleate injection in acute ischemic stroke patients with obvious motor function deficit.Methods:This study is a subgroup analysis of multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ⅳ clinical trial. A total 812 patients of acute ischemic stroke with obvious limb motor deficit [motor function of limbs score in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥4] were enrolled in this subgroup analysis. Patients received either cinepazide maleate injection or placebo. The treatment period was 14 days and follow-up was 90 days. The efficacy endpoints included the proportions of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2, mRS score ≤1 and Barthel Index <95 on day 90. Safety was evaluated by recording all adverse events, monitoring vital signs, laboratory parameters and electrocardiogram.Results:A total of 732 patients were involved in the final efficacy analysis (361 in cinepazide maleate group and 371 in control group). The baseline limb motor function score of NIHSS was 5.23±1.43 in the cinepazide maleate group whereas 5.20±1.36 in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that following treatment for 90 days, the proportion of patients with a mRS score ≤2 was significantly higher in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [56.0% (202/361) vs 44.2% (164/371), OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.82, P=0.002]. The proportion of patients with a mRS score ≤1 was higher in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [43.3% (139/361) vs 35.2% (118/371), OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.97, P=0.031]. The proportion of patients with a Barthel Index <95 on day 90 was significantly lower in the cinepazide maleate group than in the control group [45.2% (145/361) vs 55.2% (185/371), OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.88, P=0.007]. During the treatment and follow-up period, the incidence of the most common adverse events in the cinepazide maleate group was 50.4% (199/395). Constipation and abnormal liver function were more common, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion:Cinepazide maleate injection is superior to placebo in improving neurological function and activities of daily living, reducing disability, and promoting functional recovery and safe in patients with acute ischemic stroke with obvious limb motor deficit.

OBJECTIVE To sum marize the pro cedure and informatization construction of centralized volume-based procurement（VBP）in our hospital ，in order to give references for normal development of centralized VBP. METHODS The standardized workflow system was established ，including using flow chart method to establish standardized workflow ，carrying out procedure training and inspection of procedure implementation ， and continuously conducting procedure optimization. The information system was developed for the task links that needed a lot of calculation to improve the automation level of information processing. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Eight specific work procedures were established in our hospital ，including the work procedures of submitting the demand data of centralized VBP and the implementation of centralized VBP ，and has taken measures such as procedure training ，establishing supervision and inspection system and using auxiliary means to promote the implementation of the procedure ，so as to optimize the procedure and work form. An informatization platform for the clinical task allocation of the agreed purchase quantity of centralized VBP and a supervision platform for the daily use of VBP were also established in our hospital，then the two tasks with a large amount of calculation could be finished. Standardized workflow system and informatization platform construction has improved the operation and supervision efficiency of centralized VBP in our hospital ，ensured the completion of centralized purchase tasks and saved human resources ，which has a certain promotion value.

Objective:To investigate the blood pressure change in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and hypertension treated with cinepazide maleate injection.Methods:This was a subgroup analysis of post-marketing clinical confirmation study of cinepazide maleate injection for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-parallel controlled trial, which conducted in China from August 2016 to February 2019. Eligible patients fulfilled the inclusive criteria of acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of 7-25. The primary endpoints were mean blood pressure of AIS patients treated with cinepazide maleate or control, which were assessed during the treatment period (14 days), and the proportion of the patients with normal blood pressure was analyzed after the treatment period. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was performed to investigate a possible effect of the history of hypertension on outcomes.Results:This analysis included 809 patients with hypertension. There was no significant difference in patients blood pressure and the proportion of patients with normal blood pressure (60.5% vs. 59.0%, P>0.05) between cinepazide maleate group and control group. Conclusion:Administration of cinepazide maleate injection does not affect the management of clinical blood pressure in patients with AIS.

Centralized drug procurement in large quantities is a major step to deepen the medical and healthcare system reform, to improve the mechanism of drug price formation, and to give full play to the role of medical insurance in guiding drug prices in China. Combined with the practice of centralized drug purchasing in public hospitals, the authors sorted out the practical problems and causes from four aspects which affected the implementation of centralized drug purchasing policy in public hospitals: selection on centrally purchased drugs, procurement and supply, clinical use, and hospital financial operation. On this basis, suggestions were put forward to provide reference for the normalization of centralized drug procurement work, such as coordinating national and regional drug collection policies, reasonably setting distribution costs, extending the agreed procurement period, and carrying out special evaluation for drug collection.

Oral and maxillofacial space infections (OMSI) are common diseases of the facial region involving fascial spaces. Recently, OMSI shows trends of multi drug-resistance, severe symptoms, and increased mortality. OMSI treatment principles need to be updated to improve the cure rate. Based on the clinical experiences of Chinese experts and with the incorporation of international counterparts′ expertise, the principles of preoperative checklist, interpretation of examination results, empirical medication principles, surgical treatment principles, postoperative drainage principles, prevention strategies of wisdom teeth pericoronitis-related OMSI, blood glucose management, physiotherapy principles, Ludwig′s angina treatment and perioperative care were systematically summarized and an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of OMSI was reached. The consensus aims to provide criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of OMSI in China so as to improve the level of OMSI treatment.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and relevant factors among individuals characterized by their longevity in multiple regions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and provide a valuable scientific perspective for the research in health and longevity of the elderly in Guangxi.Methods:Registration and face-to-face questionnaire on a door-to-door basis were adopted to collect the demographic characteristics of the long-lived individuals (≥90 years old) in Bama of Hechi city, Yongfu of Guilin city, Dongxing of Fangchenggang city, Guangxi. Then, among the local general population, individuals within the age group between 40 and 85 years old were selected randomly as controls. Correlations were then analyzed between the relative health and longevity of the subjects and their gender, ethnicity, family history, disease history, marital status, the number of family generations, the number of children, smoking, drinking, outdoor activities, sleep and other health-related factors, then the result was subject to further analysis by comparing the long-lived population and the control population respectively.Results:Among 691 500 of the permanent residents of Bama, Yongfu and Dongxing city, 1 005 cases were 90 years old and over with a ratio of 145.34 out of 100 000 persons; within the 1 005 cases, 944 were aged between 90 and 100 (longevity rate: 136.51/100 000) with an average age of (93.28±2.57); 61 cases were aged 100 or over, arriving at a centenarian rate of 8.82/100 000 with an average age of (102.00±3.05) years. Significant differences were found just among three particular factors — regional distribution ( P=0.014), history of disease ( P=0.002), four generations of family ( P=0.008) between nonagenarians and centenarians ( P<0.05), while the other 15 indicators did not show anything noteworthy. The result indicated that longevity and centenarians might be the same group and then we combined both groups into one. By cross-comparison between the longevity-plus- centenarians and the control group in the region, factors listed below exhibited significant correlation with health and longevity: marital status ( OR=26.469, 95% CI: 13.208-53.045), number of generations within the family ( OR=5.419, 95% CI: 3.418-8.592), number of male offspring ( OR=2.013, 95% CI: 1.555-2.607), number of female offspring ( OR=1.380, 95% CI: 1.122-1.696), and the frequency of outdoor activities ( OR=10.226, 95% CI: 3.164-33.045). Conclusions:The longevity rate is higher in the general natural population in Bama, Yongfu and Dongxing of Guangxi. The phenomenon may owe to favorable family structure, atmosphere within or out of the family or other elements related with social surrounding. Among them all, mentality, inclination to physical exercise and regular rhythm of life may all exert tremendous contributory influence here.

Objective:To explore the epidemiologic characteristics of long-lived population and influencing factors in Shanglin county of Guangxi and provide scientific basis for the study of health and longevity in Guangxi.Methods:We collected and analyzed the general demographic cross-sectional data of the long-lived individuals (≥90 years old) in 11 villages and towns by multi-source registration and face-to-face interview. The age group control design was adopted to conduct a comparison among the longevity group (90-100 years old), centenarian group (≥100 years old), the longevity plus centenarian group and control group (local population aged 40-85 years), and identify the factors related to longevity.Results:Among the 496 007 people registered in Shanglin, 1 533 were aged ≥90 years, including 1 453 in the longevity group, with an average age of (92.84±2.46) years, and 80 in the centenarian group, with an average age of (102.67±2.60) years. The spatial distribution of long-lived individuals and centenarians was mainly in the north and central areas, and sparse in southwest area. Analysis on factors related to health and longevity indicated that old people with Zhuang ethnic ( OR=1.551,95% CI:1.308-1.838), married ( OR=55.507,95% CI:36.087-85.377) and moderately high waist-to-hip ratio ( OR=258.056,95% CI:27.775-2 397.569), and SBP ( OR=1.019,95% CI:1.013-1.026) tended to live longer. Conclusions:We found that the rate of longevity in Shanglin was higher than the average level in Guangxi and China. Longevity in Shanglin country had unique spatial and population distribution characterics of female longevity more than male longevity, mainly Zhuang ethnic and so on. Being women, married, family history of longevity, appropriate high waist-to-hip ratio, SBP and blood sugar level might be positive factors for longevity in Shanglin, but the impacts of other factors on longevity need further study.