Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy

The global disease burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing gradually. HCC can be categorized into proliferation and non-proliferation classes. The occurrence and development of HCC are closely associated with both genetic and epigenetic changes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. CT/MRI is the most commonly used imaging modality for diagnosis of HCC. Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging system is widely used to stage HCC worldwide. The treatment options of HCC include surgery, liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and systematic therapy. This review will focus on the progress in mechanisms and treatments of HCC.

In order to develop potent antidiabetic agents that have inhibitory effect to a-glucosidase, twelve β-acetamido ketone derivatives such as N-{[(substituted-4-oxo-thiochroman-3-yl)phenyl]-methyl}acetamide are designed and synthesized through one-pot Dakin-West reaction. Their chemical structures are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HR-MS. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assays of compounds 4a-41 were carried out using glucose oxidase method. The result indicated that most of them possess inhibitory activity in vitro. Compound 4k showed the most potent inhibitory activity with 87.3% inhibition of α-glucosidase at the concentration of 5.39 mmol x L(-1). The structure-activity relationship of these β-acetamido ketone derivatives was discussed preliminarily. Moreover, the molecular docking method was used to study the interaction mode of compound 4k and α-glucosidase. Our results will be helpful for designing of α-glucosidase inhibitors in the future.