The histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis reflect the complicated and varied interactions between tumor cells and host microenvironment. Exploring the tumor vascular and immunological features of HGPs, the relationship between HGPs and anti-tumor treatment efficacy, and HGPs prediction methods may have potential clinical aplication value for making optimal treatment strategies, evaluating patients' prognosis, and monitoring disease progression.

[Objective]Depression is a common mental illness with a profound impact on physical health.Depression has been associated with a higher risk of bacterial infection;however,whether this relationship is causal and how depression affects infection remains unclear.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the effects of depressive phenotype in infected mice by constructing a chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model.[Methods]Mice were induced with CUMS for 4 weeks.The depressive phenotype was evaluated using behavioral tests.Subsequently,the mice were intraperitoneally injected with Klebsiella pneumoniae to establish bacterial infection.Serum and abdominal tissues were collected 48 h after infection.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the tissues,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors.In addition,the fecal samples collected before infection were analyzed for 16S rDNA gene of gut microbiota,and the expression levels of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in colon tissues of uninfected mice were detected.[Results]Behavioral tests showed that compared with the control mice,CUMS mice had significantly lower body weight(P<0.0001,t=5.426),lower sucrose preference rate(P<0.001,t=4.937),increased swimming stationary time(P<0.001,t=16.37),and decreased time spent in the central area of the open field(P<0.01,t=3.575).Survival analysis showed that compared with the control mice,the survival rate of CUMS mice significantly decreased after infection(P<0.05).Additionally,histochemical staining showed that tissue damage in the liver(P<0.05,t=4.025),kidney(P<0.05,t=2.828),and mesentery(P<0.01,t=5.367)significantly increased.Furthermore,ELISA results showed that the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6(P<0.01,t=3.365),IL-1β(P<0.01,t=4.061),TNF-α(P<0.01,t=4.460)and LPS(P<0.0001,t=27.24)were elevated.The difference was statistically significant.According to 16S rDNA sequencing,CUMS-induced changes in the intestinal bacterial community structure of mice,making them significantly different from the control mice.Compared with the control mice,the expression levels of NF-κB(P<0.01,t=6.825)and NLRP3(P<0.001,t=9.561)were upregulated in CUMS mice.[Conclusion]The CUMS model was successfully constructed and CUMS mice developed more severe bacterial infection.Gut microbiota was dysregulated and the expression of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway was up-regulated in CUMS mice,which was related to the susceptibility to bacterial infection.

Objective To enhance the photostability of colchicine(COL)for sustained-release COL pellets.Methods The degradation was investigated by studying the photochemical degradation kinetics of COL.The impact of such physical properties of the photostabilizers as the type,color,dosage,and position on the photostability of COL in sustained-release pellets was also evaluated.Results The contents of photochemical degradation products did not increase after 10 days of light exposure to sustained-release COL pellets with red iron oxide of 4％(w/w)as the protective layer.Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that use of iron oxide as a photostabilizer in sustained-release COL pellets can significantly reduce the photochemical degradation of COL in the pellets.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive instrument for evaluating and ranking clinical practice guidelines, named Scientific, Transparent and Applicable Rankings tool (STAR), and test its reliability, validity, and usability. METHODS: This study set up a multidisciplinary working group including guideline methodologists, statisticians, journal editors, clinicians, and other experts. Scoping review, Delphi methods, and hierarchical analysis were used to develop the STAR tool. We evaluated the instrument's intrinsic and interrater reliability, content and criterion validity, and usability. RESULTS: STAR contained 39 items grouped into 11 domains. The mean intrinsic reliability of the domains, indicated by Cronbach's α coefficient, was 0.588 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.414, 0.762). Interrater reliability as assessed with Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.774 (95% CI: 0.740, 0.807) for methodological evaluators and 0.618 (95% CI: 0.587, 0.648) for clinical evaluators. The overall content validity index was 0.905. Pearson's r correlation for criterion validity was 0.885 (95% CI: 0.804, 0.932). The mean usability score of the items was 4.6 and the median time spent to evaluate each guideline was 20 min. CONCLUSION The instrument performed well in terms of reliability, validity, and efficiency, and can be used for comprehensively evaluating and ranking guidelines.
Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Humans

Objective:Based on the occupational cohort of Beijing Medical Examination Center, to explored the relevant factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to provide scientific basis for screening and early diagnosis of NAFLD in high-risk population.Methods:Based on the cohort of occupational population who underwent physical examination in Beijing physical examination center from January to December 2009, the physical examination indexes were collected, and a retrospective survival cohort with a follow-up period of 3 years was established.According to the idea of nested case-control study, each case was randomly matched with the same gender, age and physical examination time in the same month by using the method of random sampling without putting back.Conditional logistic regression model was established by using the matched data.The diagnostic value of related indicators for NAFLD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results:A total of 1 194 subjects were included, including 684 males (57.3%, 684/1 194) and 510 females (42.7%, 510/1 194). The age was (50.8±11.6) years.The age ranged from 24.0 to 88.0 years.There were 597 patients with NAFLD, including 342 males and 255 females.Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, platelet count, uric acid and urea nitrogen were statistically significant in male model (all P<0.05). Body mass index( OR=1.242, 95% CI 1.143-1.349, P<0.001), hemoglobin( OR=1.034, 95% CI 1.015-1.053, P<0.001), platelet( OR=1.005, 95% CI 1.002-1.009, P=0.005), uric acid( OR=1.004, 95% CI 1.001-1.006, P=0.004), high density lipoprotein cholesterol( OR=0.377, 95% CI 0.184-0.775, P=0.008) and urea nitrogen( OR=0.807, 95% CI 0.693-0.938, P=0.005) were protective factors for NAFLD in male patients..Body mass index( OR=1.552, 95% CI 1.366-1.762, P<0.001), triglyceride ( OR=2.606, 95% CI 1.616-4.204, P<0.001), blood glucose( OR=2.199, 95% CI 1.332-3.631, P=0.002), uric acid( OR=1.005, 95% CI 1.001-1.010, P=0.024) in female model were statistically significant ( P<0.05), and were risk factors for NAFLD in female patients. Conclusion:The incidence rate of NAFLD was different among different gender and age, body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, platelet count, uric acid, urea nitrogen, triglyceride and blood glucose were closely related to the incidence of NAFLD.

Objective:To analyze the effect of home quarantine on blood glucose and lipids in healthy adults during the COVID-19 epidemic times.Method:From April 7, 2020 to May 1, 2020, 512 adults wereexamined in Beijing physical examination center, of which 87 adults aged olderthan 18, received community closed management or home quarantine from January 23, 2020 to March 30, 2020, and theadultshad physical examination in Beijing physical examination center in the same month of 2018 and 2019 were selected as controls. The change trend of blood glucose and blood lipid acrossthe three years was analyzed by one-way repeated measurement of variance, and the difference of blood lipid and blood glucose between two years of physical examination was further analyzed by Bonferroni method. Datawereanalyzed by gender.Result:Among the 87 subjects, 36 (41.4%) were male and 51(58.6%) were female. The average age was (46.3±13.2) years and ranged from 24 to 74. The difference of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) among 2018, 2019 and 2020 was statistically significant (all P<0.05), while differences in LDL-C, TC and FBG were statistically significant for males (all P<0.05) and HDL-C, LDL-C, TC and FBG were statistically significant for females (all P<0.05). HDL-C in 2018and 2020were significantly lower than that in 2019 [(1.27±0.29), (1.30±0.31) vs. (1.36±0.34) mmol/L], LDL-C in 2020was significantly higher than that in 2018and 2019 [(3.11±0.88) vs. (2.81±0.77), (2.84±0.71) mmol/L], TG in 2020 was significantly higher than that in 2019[(1.54±1.17) vs. (1.32±0.80) mmol/L], TC in 2019and 2020were significantly higher than that in 2018 [(4.88±0.94), (5.10±0.99) vs. (4.63±0.90) mmol/L], and the FBG in 2019and 2020were significantly lower than that in 2018 [(5.34±1.17), (5.44±1.58) vs. (5.84±1.70) mmol/L] (all P<0.05). The comparative analysis of men and women showed that the means of LDL-C, TG, TC and FBG of men were higher than those of women while the mean of HDL-C was lower than that of women in each year; compared with 2019, the increase of LDL-C and TC of men was obvious while the decrease of HDL-C of women was obvious (all P<0.05) in 2020. Conclusion:During the epidemic period of COVID-19, the home quarantine has adverse effects on blood glucose and lipid.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between childhood maltreatment and quality of life (QOL) in nursing girls in Anhui Province, so as to provide reference for improving QOL of nursing girls. Methods: The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students of grade 1 to 3 in nursing major from 2 colleges and 2 specialized colleges by self-administered questionnaire in Anhui province. The questionnaire was conducted to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect and QOL of female nursing students. Multiple linear regression model was used to assess the associations between childhood maltreatment and QOL. Results: Among 2 549 female nursing students, the mean scores of 4 dimensions of QOL were physical (12.85±2.01), psychological (13.86±2.40), social relationship (12.83±2.84) and environment (13.37±2.21). The scores of QOL among college students were higher than specialized college students, high grade students were higher, and those who have a good relationship with their parents were higher(P<0.01). The prevalence rates of childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect were 4.9%, 10.6%, 7.3%, 6.7% and 4.1%, respectively. The scores of QOL were lower among female nursing students with childhood maltreatment than those without childhood maltreatment(P<0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of childhood abuse and neglect were negatively correlated with physical, psychological and environmental dimension of QOL, and the number of childhood maltreatment were significantly dose-responsive to quality of life(P<0.05). Conclusion The female nursing students are still greatly neglected, and the experience of childhood maltreatment is negatively related to the quality of life among female nursing students.

Objective: To explore the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experience and sexual behavior among female nursing students and to provide a scientific reference for intervening sexual behavior for female nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2 549 female students majoring nursing from four medical schools (one is a medical college and the other is medical junior college) by self-administered questionnaire. A questionnaire survey regarding demographic information, childhood sexual abuse, sexual behavior was conducted and multi-factor Logistic regression method was used to analyze the effect of childhood sexual abuse in different stages made on their sexual behavior. Results: Among 2 549 female nursing students, 143(5.6%) reported having had sexual intercourse, 141 reported having had sexual intercourse with the opposite sex, 6 reported having had sexual intercourse with the same sex, and 4 reported having sexual intercourse with both sexes. The report rate of sexual behavior of nursing students in undergraduate colleges (6.8%) was lower than that of junior college (3.9%), the second-grade nursing students reported the highest rate of sexual behavior (7.8%), the lowest in first grade (4.0%). Nursing students in good relationship with parents reported lowest rate of sexual behavior(P<0.05). Compared to those who had not experienced CSA, students who had experienced contacting or no-contacting CSA reported a higher percentage engaged in sexual intercourse(P<0.05). CSA in all types and different stages in childhood associated with higher risk of sexual intercourse among nursing students(P<0.05). Conclusion Childhood sexual abuse shows significant impacts on sexual behaviors during young adulthood, which warrants further attention to promote physical and mental health of college students.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) in the treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones.Methods This retrospective study of EPLBD for CBD stoneswas conducted between May 2015 and March 2017 on 116 patients.The patients were divided into two groups based on the different methods of treatment:group A (the EPLBD group) and B(the EST + EPBD group).Results Treatment with EPLBD when compared with EST + EPBD produced similar outcomes with regard to the overall stone removal rates (96.2％ vs.93.5％,P ＞ 0.05) and complete ductal clearance in one session (92.6％ vs.92％,P ＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the rates of overall complication (22.2％ vs.22.2％,P ＞ 0.05),hemorrhage (7.4％ vs.11.3％,P ＞ 0.05),post-ERCP pancreatitis (9.3％ vs.6.6％,P ＞ 0.05) and acute cholangitis (5.6％ vs.8.1％,P ＞0.05).When compared with EST + EPBD,mechanical lithotripsy was performed less in the EPLBD group (16.6％ vs.27.4t％,p ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EPLBD was an effective and safe method to treat CBD stones.EPLBD reduced the use of mechanical lithotripsy when compared with EST + EPBD.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Avastin on aquaporin4 (AQP4) expression in human retinal Müller cells in vitro under hypoxia, so as to explore the mechanism of Avastin treating retinal edema. The human Müller cells were cultured using the enzymatic digestion method. Müller cells were identified under the transmission electron microscopy and by using immunofluorescence staining. By using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the expression of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 500 μmol/L CoCl(2) for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, and with 0, 100, 300, 500 and 700 μmol/L CoCl(2) for 24 h was detected. The expression of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 50 ng/mL exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h, and with 0, 25, 50 and 75 ng/mL VEGF for 24 h was detected. Amplified cDNA products of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells cultured with 500 μmol/L CoCl(2) and 200 μg/mL Avastin for 24 h were detected. The results showed that more than 95% cells displayed positive immunofluorescence reaction. Characteristic 8-10 nm intracellular filaments could be seen in the cytoplasm under the transmission electron microscopy. In the CoCl(2) experimental groups, the expression of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in Müller cells was increased as compared with the control group. Alteration of AQP4 mRNA and VEGF mRNA levels showed a significantly positive correlation (r (2)=0.822, P<0.05). The expression of AQP4 mRNA in Müller cells was increased by VEGF. The expression of AQP4 mRNA was significantly decreased by Avastin as compared with the control group. It is suggested that Avastin can decrease the expression of AQP4 mRNA in human Müller cells under chemical hypoxic conditions partially via VEGF path, which may be one of the mechanisms of Avastin treating retinal edema.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; pharmacology ; Aquaporin 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bevacizumab ; Cells, Cultured ; Ependymoglial Cells ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; genetics ; metabolism