ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Yiqi Wenyang Huoxue Lishui components on the cardiac function and mitochondrial energy metabolism in the rat model of chronic heart failure （CHF） and explore the underlying mechanism. MethodsThe rat model of CHF was prepared by transverse aortic constriction （TAC）. Eight of the 50 SD rats were randomly selected as the sham group， and the remaining 42 underwent TAC surgery. The 24 SD rats successfully modeled were randomized into model， trimetazidine （6.3 mg·kg^-1）， and Yiqi Wenyang Huoxue Lishui components （60 mg·kg^-1 total saponins of Astragali Radix， 10 mg·kg^-1 total phenolic acids of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， 190 mg·kg^-1 aqueous extract of Lepidii Semen， and 100 mg·kg^-1 cinnamaldehyde） groups. The rats were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage， and those in the sham and model groups were administrated with the same amount of normal saline at a dose of 10 mL·kg^-1 for 8 weeks. Echocardiography was used to examine the cardiac function in rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the serum levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-ProBNP）， hypersensitive troponin（cTnI）， creatine kinase （CK）， lactate dehydrogenase （LD）， free fatty acids （FFA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA）. The colorimetric assay was employed to measure the levels of adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， adenosine diphosphate （ADP）， and adenosine monophosphate （AMP） in the myocardial tissue. The pathological changes in the myocardial tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining. The Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase activities in the myocardial tissue were determined by the colorimetric assay. The ultrastructural changes of myocardial mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of ATP synthase subunit delta （ATP5D）， glucose transporter 4 （GLUT4）， and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 （CPT-1）. The mitochondrial complex assay kits were used to determine the activities of mitochondrial complexes Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ， and Ⅳ. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group showed a loosening arrangement of cardiac fibers， fracture and necrosis of partial cardiac fibers， inflammatory cells in necrotic areas， massive blue fibrotic tissue in the myocardial interstitium， increased collagen fiber area and myocardial fibrosis， destroyed mitochondria， myofibril disarrangement， sparse myofilaments， and fractured and reduced cristae. In addition， the rats in the model group showed declined ejection fraction （EF） and fractional shortening （FS）， risen left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVIDd）， left ventricular end-systolic diameter （LVIDs）， left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWd）， left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWs）， left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVVOLd）， and left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVVOLs）， elevated levels of NT-ProBNP， cTnI， CK， MDA， FFA， and LD， lowered level of SOD， down-regulated protein levels of GLUT4 and CPT-1， decreased activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase， Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase， and respiratory complexes Ⅰ-Ⅳ， and declined levels of ATP5D， ATP， ADP， and AMP （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yiqi Wenyang Huoxue Lishui components and trimetazidine groups showed alleviated pathological damage of the mitochondria and mycardial tissue， risen EF and FS， declined LVIDd， LVIDs， LVPWd， LVPWs， LVVOLd， and LVVOLs， lowered levels of NT-ProBNP， cTnI， CK， MDA， FFA， and LD， elevated level of SOD， up-regulated protein levels of GLUT4 and CPT-1， increased activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase， Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase， and respiratory complexes Ⅰ-Ⅳ， and elevated levels of ATP5D， ATP， ADP， and AMP （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionYiqi Wenyang Huoxue Lishui components can improve the cardiac function， reduce myocardial injury， regulate glucose and lipid metabolism， optimize the utilization of substrates， and alleviate the damage of mitochondrial structure and function， thus improving the energy metabolism of the myocardium in the rat model of CHF.

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect of Shengxiantang on cardiac function and myocardial microvascular injury in rats with chronic heart failure （CHF）. MethodsThe CHF rat model was prepared by aortic arch constriction （TAC）. Of the 72 SD rats， 8 were randomly selected as the sham operation group， where the chest was opened without ligating the aortic arch. The 40 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， the Shengxiantang low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （5.1， 10.2， 20.4 g·kg^-1）， and the trimetazidine group （6.3 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. Drug administration began 4 weeks after modeling. The administration groups received the corresponding drugs by gavage， while the sham operation and model groups were given the same amount of distilled water for 8 consecutive weeks. Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of nitric oxide （NO）， endothelin （ET-1）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， and von Willebrand factor （vWF）. Ultrastructural changes of microvessels were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of ATP synthase subunit （ATP5D） and F-actin in myocardial tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of occludin， claudin， vascular endothelial cadherin （VE-Cadherin）， and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）. Microvessel density was measured by immunofluorescence staining. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the ejection fraction （EF） and left ventricular shortening fraction （FS） in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the left ventricular diastolic diameter （LVIDd）， left ventricular systolic diameter （LVIDs）， left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWd）， left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWs）， left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVVOLd）， and left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVVOLs） were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels of NO and VEGF were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the levels of ET-1 and vWF were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Under electron microscopy， the microvascular basement membrane was incomplete and the tight junctions were blurred. The expression levels of ATP5D， F-actin， occludin， claudin， ZO-1， and VE-Cadherin were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the relative density of microvessels was significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After intervention with Shengxiantang， the EF and FS of CHF rats significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the LVIDd， LVIDs， LVPWd， LVPWs， LVVOLd， and LVVOLs significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of NO and VEGF significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the levels of ET-1 and vWF significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Under electron microscopy， the microvascular basement membrane was relatively complete and the tight junctions were more continuous. The expression levels of ATP5D， F-actin， occludin， claudin， ZO-1， and VE-Cadherin significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the relative density of microvessels significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionShengxiantang can effectively improve the cardiac function of CHF rats， reduce microvascular endothelial injury， strengthen the connection between endothelial cells， and increase microvessel density， thereby protecting myocardial microvascular injury.

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect of Shengxiantang on cardiac function and myocardial microvascular injury in rats with chronic heart failure （CHF）. MethodsThe CHF rat model was prepared by aortic arch constriction （TAC）. Of the 72 SD rats， 8 were randomly selected as the sham operation group， where the chest was opened without ligating the aortic arch. The 40 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， the Shengxiantang low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （5.1， 10.2， 20.4 g·kg^-1）， and the trimetazidine group （6.3 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. Drug administration began 4 weeks after modeling. The administration groups received the corresponding drugs by gavage， while the sham operation and model groups were given the same amount of distilled water for 8 consecutive weeks. Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of nitric oxide （NO）， endothelin （ET-1）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， and von Willebrand factor （vWF）. Ultrastructural changes of microvessels were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of ATP synthase subunit （ATP5D） and F-actin in myocardial tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of occludin， claudin， vascular endothelial cadherin （VE-Cadherin）， and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）. Microvessel density was measured by immunofluorescence staining. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the ejection fraction （EF） and left ventricular shortening fraction （FS） in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the left ventricular diastolic diameter （LVIDd）， left ventricular systolic diameter （LVIDs）， left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWd）， left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWs）， left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVVOLd）， and left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVVOLs） were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels of NO and VEGF were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the levels of ET-1 and vWF were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Under electron microscopy， the microvascular basement membrane was incomplete and the tight junctions were blurred. The expression levels of ATP5D， F-actin， occludin， claudin， ZO-1， and VE-Cadherin were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the relative density of microvessels was significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After intervention with Shengxiantang， the EF and FS of CHF rats significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the LVIDd， LVIDs， LVPWd， LVPWs， LVVOLd， and LVVOLs significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of NO and VEGF significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the levels of ET-1 and vWF significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Under electron microscopy， the microvascular basement membrane was relatively complete and the tight junctions were more continuous. The expression levels of ATP5D， F-actin， occludin， claudin， ZO-1， and VE-Cadherin significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the relative density of microvessels significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionShengxiantang can effectively improve the cardiac function of CHF rats， reduce microvascular endothelial injury， strengthen the connection between endothelial cells， and increase microvessel density， thereby protecting myocardial microvascular injury.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of angle and original moisture content on the moisture distribution， migration and contents of effective components in the drying process of sliced Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（SMRR）. MethodsSet the slicing angles of SMRR at 30°， 45°， and 90°. Cut the fresh samples， 1/3 dehydrated samples， and 2/3 dehydrated samples， dry them in an oven at 40 ℃ and take samples at the set time points. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） were used to analyze the changes in transverse relaxation time（T₂） of SMRR samples in 9 treatment groups at specific times， as well as the distribution and migration of water in the samples. The contents of tanshinone Ⅱ_A， tanshinone Ⅰ， cryptotanshinone， and salvianolic acid B in samples from 9 different treatment groups were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the best processing technology of SMRR was screened by combining with One-way ANOVA， Duncan multiple comparison and principal component analysis（PCA）. ResultsThe moisture content of dry basis of SMRR in each treatment group decreased with the extension of drying time. The drying rate of fresh cut group decreased slowly at first， while the drying rate of water loss group showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. The internal water of SMRR could be divided into three states， including bound water， non flowing water and free water. During the drying process， the water migration law showed that the free water of fresh cut group disappeared after drying for 12 h， the content of bound water gradually decreased， and the overall fluidity deteriorated. In the water loss group， part of the free water was transformed into more cohesive and non flowing water after drying for 3 h， and the three kinds of water basically disappeared after drying for 12 h. The MRI results showed that the entire dehydration process slowly moved from the outer side to the center， and the internal water eventually dissipated. In terms of the contents of active ingredients， the order of the effect of slicing angle on the total content of active ingredients in SMRR was 30°>45°>90°. The content of tanshinones was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>2/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group， and the content of salvianolic acid B was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group>2/3 dehydrated group. Combined with the results of PCA and comprehensive scoring results， the overall level of effective component content in SMRR was the highest when cut at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. ConclusionAfter comprehensive evaluation， SMRR can be sliced at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. It is not only easy to cut， but also the surface and cross-sectional colors remain basically unchanged after drying， which is similar to the color under traditional processing， and the effective ingredients are preserved the highest. This study can provide a basis for the optimization of processing technology of SMRR.

Tumor drug resistance is an important problem in the failure of chemotherapy and targeted drug therapy, which is a complex process involving chromatin remodeling. SWI/SNF is one of the most studied ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in tumorigenesis, which plays an important role in the coordination of chromatin structural stability, gene expression, and post-translation modification. However, its mechanism in tumor drug resistance has not been systematically combed. SWI/SNF can be divided into 3 types according to its subunit composition: BAF, PBAF, and ncBAF. These 3 subtypes all contain two mutually exclusive ATPase catalytic subunits (SMARCA2 or SMARCA4), core subunits (SMARCC1 and SMARCD1), and regulatory subunits (ARID1A, PBRM1, and ACTB, etc.), which can control gene expression by regulating chromatin structure. The change of SWI/SNF complex subunits is one of the important factors of tumor drug resistance and progress. SMARCA4 and ARID1A are the most widely studied subunits in tumor drug resistance. Low expression of SMARCA4 can lead to the deletion of the transcription inhibitor of the BCL2L1 gene in mantle cell lymphoma, which will result in transcription up-regulation and significant resistance to the combination therapy of ibrutinib and venetoclax. Low expression of SMARCA4 and high expression of SMARCA2 can activate the FGFR1-pERK1/2 signaling pathway in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma cells, which induces the overexpression of anti-apoptosis gene BCL2 and results in carboplatin resistance. SMARCA4 deletion can up-regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating YAP1 gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer. It can also reduce the expression of Ca²⁺ channel IP3R3 in ovarian and lung cancer, resulting in the transfer of Ca²⁺ needed to induce apoptosis from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria damage. Thus, these two tumors are resistant to cisplatin. It has been found that verteporfin can overcome the drug resistance induced by SMARCA4 deletion. However, this inhibitor has not been applied in clinical practice. Therefore, it is a promising research direction to develop SWI/SNF ATPase targeted drugs with high oral bioavailability to treat patients with tumor resistance induced by low expression or deletion of SMARCA4. ARID1A deletion can activate the expression of ANXA1 protein in HER2+ breast cancer cells or down-regulate the expression of progesterone receptor B protein in endometrial cancer cells. The drug resistance of these two tumor cells to trastuzumab or progesterone is induced by activating AKT pathway. ARID1A deletion in ovarian cancer can increase the expression of MRP2 protein and make it resistant to carboplatin and paclitaxel. ARID1A deletion also can up-regulate the phosphorylation levels of EGFR, ErbB2, and RAF1 oncogene proteins.The ErbB and VEGF pathway are activated and EMT is increased. As a result, lung adenocarcinoma is resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Although great progress has been made in the research on the mechanism of SWI/SNF complex inducing tumor drug resistance, most of the research is still at the protein level. It is necessary to comprehensively and deeply explore the detailed mechanism of drug resistance from gene, transcription, protein, and metabolite levels by using multi-omics techniques, which can provide sufficient theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of poor tumor prognosis caused by mutation or abnormal expression of SWI/SNF subunits in clinical practice.

Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is a chronic inflammatory liver disease. The pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear， but it is mainly autoimmune injury caused by the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance due to the abnormal activation of the immune system， while the specific molecular mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that abnormal amino acid metabolism plays an important role in the development and progression of AIH. This article reviews the research advances in amino acid metabolic reprogramming in AIH， in order to provide a theoretical basis for amino acid metabolism as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH.

Objective To analyze the effect of residual cholesterol (RC) on hearing loss in noise-exposed workers. Methods A total of 3 412 workers engaged in noise operation work in an underground railway enterprise were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Their occupational health examination data were collected to analyze the relationship between RC and hearing loss. Results The noise intensity of workplace in the underground rail enterprise was 80.0-85.0 (81.4±3.2) dB(A). The detection rate of hearing loss was 20.2% (691/3 412). The rates of abnormal total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were 35.6%, 25.7%, 9.5% and 42.4%, respectively. The median and the 25th and 75th percentiles [M(P₂₅,P₇₅)] of RC level were 0.24 (0.15, 0.37) mmol/L. The levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and RC of workers in hearing loss group were higher than those in normal hearing group [M(P₂₅,P₇₅): 4.91(4.37, 5.58) vs 4.84(4.30, 5.46) mmol/L, 1.29(0.91, 1.93) vs 1.16(0.82, 1.67) mmol/L, 0.26(0.16, 0.41) vs 0.24(0.14, 0.37) mmol/L, all P<0.05]. The detection rate of hearing loss in abnormal triglyceride group was higher than that in normal triglyceride group (24.8% vs 18.7%, P<0.01), and the detection rate of hearing loss in abnormal HDL-C group was higher than that in normal HDL-C group (25.0% vs 19.8%, P<0.05). The higher the serum RC level, the higher the detection rate of hearing loss (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression result showed that individual with older age, longer work time and higher serum RC level had higher risk of hearing abnormality (all P<0.05), and the risk of hearing abnormality was higher in patients with abnormal fasting blood glucose than patients with normal faseing blood glucose (P<0.05) after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and elevated blood pressure. However, abnormal triacylglycerol and HDL-C levels were not significantly related to the risk of hearing abnormality (both P>0.05). Conclusion Serum RC levels are an independent risk factor for hearing loss among noise-exposed workers exposed to noise level of 80.0-85.0 dB(A) in the workplace.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors contributing to piracetam-associated thrombocytopenia and develop a predictive model for risk prediction. METHODS The electronic medical record information of inpatients treated with piracetam was collected retrospectively from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023， including gender， age， underlying diseases， combined medication， and laboratory data， etc. Patients were divided into the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group according to whether thrombocytopenia occurred， and the differences in clinical data between the two groups were compared. The independent risk factors were determined through univariate/multivariate Logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was drawn to visually present the independent risk factors， and a risk prediction model was constructed. The predictive efficacy of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， Bootstrap internal validation and calibration curve. RESULTS A total of 224 patients were included， among which 196 cases were in the non- occurrence group and 28 cases in the occurrence group. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was 12.50%. The results of the univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of patients using three or more combined antibiotics and the level of serum creatinine in the occurrence group were significantly higher than those in the non-occurrence group， while the level of hemoglobin was significantly lower （P＜0.05）. The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the use of three or more combined antibiotics， low hemoglobin level and high serum creatinine level were independent risk factors for piracetam-associated thrombocytopenia （P＜0.05）. The constructed risk prediction model was LogitP＝ －1.114+1.256×three or more combined antibiotics－0.017×hemoglobin level+0.009×serum creatinine level. The AUC of the ROC curve of this model was 0.757， and the optimal cut-off value was 0.474； the AUC of the ROC curve of the Bootstrap internal validation was 0.733； the apparent curve and the bias-corrected curve were close to the ideal curve. CONCLUSIONS The use of three or more antibiotics， along with low hemoglobin level and high serum creatinine level， are identified as independent risk factors for piracetam-associated thrombocytopenia. The developed risk prediction model demonstrates good predictive value.

ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness and clinical practice of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B （2022 edition） among clinicians. MethodsFrom July 19 to December 31， 2024， a self-designed electronic questionnaire was distributed via the WeChat mini program to collect related data from 1 588 clinicians nationwide， including their awareness and practice based on 18 questions regarding testing and referral， diagnosis and treatment， and follow-up. ResultsAmong all respondents， only 350 clinicians correctly understood all the updated key points of antiviral indications and treatment for special populations in the 2022 edition of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B， with an overall awareness rate of 22.0%. Only 20% ‍—‍ ‍40% of the patients with positive HBV DNA and an age of >30 years receive antiviral therapy， while 80% ‍—‍ ‍100% of the patients with positive HBV DNA and a family history of hepatitis B cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma receive antiviral therapy. The median follow-up rates at 1 year， 3 years， and 5 years were 67.5% 57.5% and 47.5%，respectively， showing a trend of gradual reduction， which might be associated with the influencing factors such as insufficient time for follow-up management by clinicians， insufficient awareness of the disease among patients， and poor adherence to follow-up. ConclusionThere is a gap between the awareness and practice of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B （2022 edition） among clinicians. It is recommended to further strengthen training and focus on the whole process of “detection， diagnosis， treatment， and management” for patients with chronic hepatitis B in healthcare institutions， in order to promote the implementation of the guidelines.

Objective: To investigate the association between medium to long term PM 2.5 exposure around school areas and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi, providing data support and theoretical foundations for scientifically addressing overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students. Methods: From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 251 183 students aged 7-18 years (grade 1 to grade 12) from 14 prefecture level cities (111 districts and counties) in Guangxi. PM 2.5 mass concentration data were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Preliminary comparative analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, while binary Logistic regression models were applied to quantify the relationship between PM 2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity. Restricted cubic spline analysis was further utilized to examine the nonlinear association between PM 2.5 concentration and overweight/obesity risk. Results: The detection rate of overweight/obesity among Guangxi students in 2023 was 19.5%. The median PM 2.5 concentration in the year prior to the study was higher in the overweight/obesity group (23.22 μg/m 3) compared to the non overweight/obesity group (22.63 μg/m 3) ( Z=-15.66, P <0.01), and consistent trends were observed across gender (male/female) and educational stage (primary/junior/senior high school) subgroups (all P <0.01). Binary Logistic regression revealed that for every 10 μg/m 3 increase in the annual average PM 2.5 concentration, the risk of overweight/obesity increased by 12% ( OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.09- 1.15 , P <0.01). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between monthly PM 2.5 levels and overweight/obesity risk ( P trend <0.01). Below 22.68 μg/m 3, PM 2.5 exposure showed no significant association with obesity risk; above the threshold, the risk increased with rising PM 2.5 levels. Conclusion Medium to long term PM 2.5 exposure around school environments is significantly associated with overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students.