Objective: To establish evidence-based, safe and efficient management of HIV-reactive blood donors by investigating safe and feasible assessment strategies for HIV-reactive blood donors based on routine blood screening data. Methods: The data of blood screening, supplementary testing, follow-up and CDC confirmation for HIV-reactive blood donors in our center from 2014 to 2024 were analyzed systematically to confirm HIV infection and identify infection status. Results: There were 1 235 samples (0.13%, 1 235/928 000) reactive in HIV blood screening over the 11-year period. A-mong them, 199 donors (16.11%) in asymptomatic HIV infection (HIV Ag/Ab++&HIV RNA+), 2(0.16%) as acute early HIV infection (HIV Ag/Ab+-&HIV RNA+) and 7(0.57%) as window-period infection (HIV RNA positive only) were confirmed. Donors with the result of HIV Ag/Ab+-&HIV RNA-(single-positive) were all excluded for HIV infection, while 1 in 6 HIV Ag/Ab++&HIV RNA-donors (double-positive) was confirmed to have HIV infection. When HIV Ag/Ab reagents were used continuously before and after the follow-up, it's observed in one reagent that the proportion of negative results in subsequent follow-up in single-positive donors who had negative results in the first sampling was significantly higher than the proportion of negative results in subsequent follow-up in those initially single-positive (P<0.05). But no significant difference was observed in another reagent (P>0.05). When reagents were changed in follow-up, the rate of singlepositive donors with negative results in the first sampling reached 96.7%, which was significantly higher than the negative rate of those without reagent changing in follow-up (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the serological and nucleic acid testing results of HIV blood screening, the confirmation of HIV infection and identification of infection status can be achieved accurately and efficiently. All HIV Ag/Ab+-&HIV RNA-donors were confirmed as false positive, and should be maintained their eligibilities for blood donation, but recommended to pass the retest before next donation. Using a different reagent for retesting helps improve the eligible rate. HIV Ag/Ab++&HIV RNA-donors should be deferred permanently due to the risk of true positivity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of pharmaceutical services guided by root cause analysis （RCA） in a problem-oriented manner combined with knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） theory on reducing the incidence of protocol violations of investigational medicinal products in pediatric clinical trials. METHODS A total of 617 participants from 69 drug clinical trial projects conducted in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were selected as the control group， and 868 participants from 72 drug clinical trial projects from January 2022 to December 2025 as the observation group. RCA was performed on the protocol violations of investigational medicinal product in the control group to identify the types and underlying causes. The control group received routine pharmaceutical services for drug clinical trials， while the observation group was provided with precision pharmaceutical services from the three dimensions of knowledge， attitude and practice on the basis of routine pharmaceutical services， according to the root causes identified by RCA. The occurrence of investigational medicinal products protocol violations was compared between the two groups. RESULTS The total incidence of protocol violations of investigational medicinal products， as well as the incidences of minor and major protocol violations， were all significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group （ P ＜0.001）. The main types of protocol violations in both groups included missed/under-/over-dosing of medications， non-adherence to administration time， failure to adjust dosage as required， and combined medication/vaccination in violation of the protocol. Regarding the responsible subjects of protocol violations， the incidences of protocol violations attributed to participants and their guardians as well as investigators and accidental factors were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group （ P ＜0.001， P ＜0.001， P ＝0.025）. However， there were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of protocol violations caused by sponsor-related reasons between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Pharmaceutical services led by pharmacists， based on problem-oriented RCA and combined with KAP theory， can effectively reduce the protocol violations of investigational medicinal products rate in pediatric clinical trials， thereby safeguarding the safety and rights of study participants.

ObjectiveTo explore the inhibitory effect and related molecular mechanisms of Saponin of Schizocapsa plantaginea HanceⅠ （SSPHⅠ） on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells. MethodsThe effect of SSPHⅠ on HONE-1 cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. Its inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was evaluated through a colony formation assay. Changes in cell invasion ability were analyzed using the Transwell assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were measured using the DHE fluorescent probe. The extent of intracellular content release was reflected by the LDH release assay. The rate of cell pyroptosis was detected using the Annexin-V/PI double staining method. Changes in the expression of proteins related to the classical pyroptosis pathway were examined by Western Blot. ResultsCCK-8 assay showed that treatment with SSPHⅠ for 24 hours reduced HONE-1 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner， with an IC50 value of 3.383 μmol/L. In the colony formation assay， the number of HONE-1 cell colonies gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of SSPHⅠ （P<0.01）. The Transwell assay revealed that the number of cells migrating through the chamber was reduced following SSPHⅠ treatment （P<0.01）. DHE fluorescence probe detection indicated that intracellular ROS fluorescence intensity increased after SSPHⅠ treatment （P<0.001）. The LDH release assay showed that LDH activity in the cell supernatant increased with higher concentrations of SSPHⅠ （P<0.001）. Annexin-V/PI double staining demonstrated that the proportion of Annexin-V/PI-positive cells increased after SSPHⅠ treatment （P<0.001）. Western blot analysis showed that， compared with the control group， the protein expression levels of cleaved-Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N-terminal were upregulated in SSPHⅠ-treated cells （P<0.05）， and NLRP3 protein expression levels also increased （P<0.05）. ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the cells increased with higher concentrations of SSPHⅠ （P<0.05）. ConclusionSSPHⅠ can induce pyroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells by regulating the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling axis， thereby exerting an anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma effect. This suggests that SSPHⅠ may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: and Purpose Vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms (VBFAs) carry substantial morbidity and mortality, but optimal management for unruptured VBFAs remains unclear. We compared the safety and efficacy of conservative management (CM), stent-assisted coiling (SAC), and flow diverters (FDs) in patients with unruptured VBFAs, focusing on long-term prognosis. Methods: This study included data from a nationwide Chinese cohort of patients with vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) balanced confounders across groups. The primary outcome was poor prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score >2). Secondary outcomes included aneurysm rupture, ischemic stroke, compression symptoms, and VBFA-related deaths. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Among 1,115 patients with unruptured VBFAs, 838 (median age, 54 years; 655 men) were included. After IPTW, baseline characteristics were balanced. Median follow-up was 54 months. FD was associated with a lower risk of poor prognosis than CM (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.77]; p=0.002), with no difference between CM and SAC. FD also reduced aneurysm rupture (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.60]; p=0.004) and compression symptoms (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.68]; p=0.004) versus CM. Time-to-event analyses further revealed significant differences in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, whereas no significant differences were observed in basilar or vertebrobasilar junction lesions or in Type III–IV VBFAs. Conclusions Compared with CM, FD was associated with improved long-term outcomes in unruptured VBFAs, particularly in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, although residual confounding cannot be excluded.

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of liquiritin (LQ) in the improvement of ventricular remodeling (VR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Molecular docking was used to predict the binding affinity of liquiritin to thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). After 2 weeks of modeling, the rats were randomly divided into a model group, a low-dose liquiritin group (20 mg/kg LQ), and a high-dose liquiritin group (40 mg/kg LQ). Liquiritin was administered by gavage once a day, and the sham group and model group were given the same volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), with intervention of 4 consecutive weeks. Echocardiography was employed to detect the cardiac function, HE staining was used to observe cardiological changes, ELISA was used to detect the activity of serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity, and the colorimetric method was adopted to detect serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. RT-qPCR was used to detect the gene expressions of TXNIP, thioredoxin (TRX) and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3(NLRP3). Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TXNIP, TRX and NLRP3 in rat myocardial tissue. Molecular docking results showed that liquiritin had a good binding affinity to TNXIP target. After 20 and 40 mg/kg liquiritin intervention, the levels of ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the levels of LVIDs, LVIDd, LVESV, and LVEDV were decreased (P<0.01). The myocardial structure was significantly improved, the cell arrangement tended to be regular, and the area of inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis was reduced. Liquiritin significantly reduced the level of CK-MB (P<0.01), decreased the activity of MDA, and increased the activities of CAT and T-SOD (P<0.01). Liquiritin effectively inhibited the overexpression of TXNIP and NLRP3 genes and proteins, and enhanced the expression of TRX genes and proteins in the myocardial tissues of AMI rats. In conclusion, liquiritin has a regulatory effect on the TXNIP/TRX signaling pathway, inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and thus improves ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Background and aims The mechanism of cholestatic liver injury (CLI) is unclear, and effective therapies are lacking. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonists show potential hepatoprotective effect and pyroptosis is implicated in hepatocellular damage, how PPARα activation mitigates lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced pyroptosis remains unknown. Methods The hepatoprotective effect of PPARα agonists was evaluated in a mouse model of intrahepatic cholestasis induced by LCA. Liver injury was assessed via serum biochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining, and electron microscopy. Pyroptosis pathways were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and co-immunoprecipitation. Results Combined morphological, histopathological, and biochemical analyses confirmed that PPARα activation protects against CLI. Compared with LCA treatment alone, PPARα activation significantly attenuated the elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the increased TUNEL-positive cells, and the formation of hepatocyte membrane pores. Mechanistically, PPARα activation suppressed both NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (APAF-1)/CASPASE-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Furthermore, PPARα agonist pretreatment inhibited activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) signaling pathways. Conclusions PPARα protects against LCA-induced CLI by inhibiting both NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis associated with NF-κB and APAF-1/CASPASE-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis associated with the FOXO1 signaling pathway.

A nodule in the right middle lobe of the lung was treated by a combination of cone-beam CT,three-dimensional registration for fusion imaging,and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided thermal ablation.The procedure lasted for 90 min,with no significant bleeding observed under the bronchoscope.The total radiation dose during the operation was 384 mGy.The patient recovered well postoperatively,with only a small amount of blood in the sputum and no pneumothorax or other complications.A follow-up chest CT on the first day post operation showed that the ablation area completely covered the lesion,and the patient was discharged successfully.
Humans ; Bronchoscopy/methods* ; Catheter Ablation/methods* ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.

Objective To explore the potential clinical value of the ratio of glycated albumin to albumin(GA/ALB)in the occurrence of heart failure(HF)among patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 337 CHD patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from July 2023 to June 2024 were selected in this study.CHD patients were divided into HF group and non-HF group based on whether they progressed to HF.The clinical data and laboratory parame-ters of the two groups were compared.Restricted cubic spline curve was used to analyze the relationship be-tween GA/ALB levels and the risk of HF in CHD patients.Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of GA/ALB,GA,platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and monocyte to lym-phocyte ratio(MLR)in CHD patients with the occurrence of HF.Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between serum GA/ALB levels and the risk of CHD patients occurrence of HF,and to analyze the degree of influence and stability of subgroup variables on results.Results There were statistically significant differences in GA/ALB,GA,PLR,MLR,and other indicators between the HF group and the non-HF group in CHD patients(P＜0.05).A non-linear relationship was observed between GA/ALB levels and the risk of HF in CHD patients.When the value of GA/ALB multiplied by 10 was less than 5.751,the risk of HF in CHD pa-tients increased with the increase of GA/ALB levels(P＜0.001).GA/ALB was an effective predictor for HF occurrence in CHD patients.Multivariable Logistic regression model showed that GA/ALB was an independ-ent risk factor for CHD patients with occurrence of HF.Subgroup analysis also confirmed the stability of GA/ALB in predicting the occurrence of HF in CHD patients.Conclusion GA/ALB is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of HF in CHD patients,and monitoring GA/ALB levels provides predictive value for the oc-currence of HF in these patients.