Objective: To investigate the emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children and the correlations with maternal parenting competence and family rearing environment, so as to provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for the physical and mental health development of preschool children. Methods: In June 2025, 660 preschool children aged 3-6 years old were selected from 10 kindergartens in Hefei, Anqing, and Tongling in Anhui Province by using a stratified cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted among all parents of preschool children using the Parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Child Family Rearing Environment Scale, and the Chinese version of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children. SPSS macro program Process 4.1 and Bootstrap method were used to test the mediating effect of family parenting environment between emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children and maternal parenting competence. Results: The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children was 20.15%. The total scores of family rearing environment and maternal parenting competence were negatively correlated with emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( r =-0.45,-0.79), and the total score of family rearing environment was positively correlated with the total score of maternal parenting competence ( r =0.43) (all P <0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that, after controlling whether being only child, parents educational level, registered residence location and other variables, family rearing environment, self efficacy and satisfaction were all negative predictors of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( B =-0.07, -0.42, -0.42, all P <0.01). The mediation effect results showed that maternal parenting competence could positively predict the family rearing environment ( B =0.75), while maternal parenting competence and family rearing environment could both negatively predict emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( B =-0.49, -0.06 ) (all P <0.05). The Bootstrap sampling method test results showed that the effect value of the indirect effect of maternal parenting competence on emotional and behavioral problems through the family rearing environment was -0.04, and the effect proportion was 8.21 %. Conclusion Preschool children with a better family rearing environment and stronger maternal parenting competence are less likely to have emotional and behavioral problems, among which the family rearing environment has a mediating effect.

Esophageal cancer （EC） is a highly prevalent malignant tumor in China. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway， as one of the key oncogenic pathways， can promote the cell cycle progression， proliferation， migration， and invasion， induce chemoresistance， and inhibit apoptosis and autophagy of EC cells. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with the advantages of targeting multiple points with multiple components to delay cancer progression， can target the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway for EC treatment. This article preliminarily discusses the molecular mechanism and role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC and elaborates on the specific targets and efficacy of TCM in treating EC through intervention in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the past five years. TCM materials and extracts inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC include Borneolum， spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum without spore coat， extract of Celastrus orbiculatus， root extract of Taraxacum， and Bruceae Fructus oil emulsion. TCM active ingredients exerting the effect include flavonoids， terpenoids， saponins， phenols， polysaccharides， alkaloids， and other compounds. TCM compound prescriptions with such effect include Qige San， Huqi San， Xuanfu Daizhetang， Tongyoutang and its decomposed prescriptions， Liujunzi Tang， and Xishenzhi Formula. In addition， TCM injections such as Compound Kushen Injection and Kang'ai injection also inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC. This paper summarizes the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC and the TCM interventions， aiming to provide reference for the research and clinical application of new drugs for EC.

OBJECTIVE To introduce the development of an intelligent prescription review decision-support system for anti-tumor drugs and assess its clinical application outcomes. METHODS Relevant data sources， including national and local pharmaceutical administration policies， clinical practice guidelines/consensus， hospital information systems data， and genetic testing results， were integrated. Adhering to the principles of structure， standardization and dynamic updating， a knowledge base covering chemotherapeutic， targeted and immunotherapeutic agents was constructed using a dual-dimensional modeling approach that combined “drug attributes” and “clinical contexts”. This knowledge base was then embedded into the hospital’s electronic medical order system to establish the prescription review decision-support system. The application and performance of the system were evaluated at Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. RESULTS A knowledge base containing 18 318 prescription review rules for anti-tumor drugs was constructed， and a closed-loop prescription review system was successfully established， encompassing pre-prescription real-time intervention， in-process interactive review， and post-prescription evaluation and analysis. From 2021 to 2024， the system generated a total of 57 879 alerts for prescriptions of five typical categories of anti-tumor drugs. For platinum-containing prescriptions， 22 577 alerts were generated， with Cisplatin for injection （lyophilized） being the most frequently alerted drug （13 445 alerts）， and “ototoxicity risk due to combined use” alerts remained high （7 682 alerts）. For methotrexate-containing prescriptions， 3 721 alerts were recorded， primarily related to “precaution-related issues” （76.4%， 2 843/3 721）. For doxorubicin-containing prescriptions， 17 301 alerts were triggered， primarily related to “dosage and administration” （14 315 alerts）. For human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted agents-containing prescriptions， 1 007 alerts were issued， mostly related to “reimbursement restrictions” （956 alerts）. For programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors-containing prescriptions， the alerts increased year by year， totaling 13 273 alerts， primarily related to “inappropriate indication” （9 118 alerts）. Over the 4 years， the physician response rates to system alerts were 21.4%， 27.1%， 33.5% and 51.6%， respectively. CONCLUSIONS An intelligent decision-support system for anti-tumor drug prescription review， encompassing a closed-loop process of “real-time pre-event intervention， interactive in-event prescription review， post-event evaluation and analysis”， has been successfully constructed and implemented throughout the entire workflow. There is a discernible trend in this hospital， where the focus on monitoring anti-tumor drugs is shifting towards immunotherapy drugs. Additionally， the acceptance rate of physicians regarding prescription review opinions has been steadily increasing year by year.

ObjectiveThe development trend and knowledge structure of the research on human use experience （HUE） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） were systematically reviewed， and the core challenges and future directions were identified. This study aims to provide reference for the construction of a scientific and feasible research and development framework and evidence transformation system. MethodsLiterature related to "human use experience" published from January 1， 2019 to July 31， 2025 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， China Science and Technology Journal Database （VIP）， and PubMed databases. Bibliometric visualization was conducted using Excel， VOSviewer， and CiteSpace， followed by in-depth reading and thematic summarization of core literature. ResultsA total of 181 papers were included for bibliometric analysis， with 45 articles used for in-depth thematic mining. The analysis showed that the number of publications on HUE research has increased in a stepwise manner over the past five years. Yang Zhongqi （24 times） was the core of the author network， the journal with the highest number of publications was China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica， the institutions publishing the most articles were mainly research institutions， regulatory agencies， hospitals， and universities， high-frequency keywords included "new TCM drugs"， "real-world studies"， and "clinical comprehensive evaluation"， keyword clustering analysis formed three major clusters： Policy orientation， application fields， and methodological approaches. Thematic analysis reveals that HUE-based evaluation should be integrated throughout the research and development process， encompassing three dimensions： TCM theory， clinical value， and pharmaceutical fundamentals， with toxic herbs and compatibility contraindications being key foci. Data collection primarily relies on empirical data， while real-world data constitute the primary source for clinical research， with efficacy and safety as the shared core. Data management emphasizes quality control and statistical analysis； however， the management of bias and confounding remains a critical bottleneck in evidence transformation. In practice， HUE-based approaches have successfully supported the registration and evaluation of multiple categories of new TCM drugs. ConclusionThe research on HUE of TCM has formed a policy-driven pattern characterized by， rapid development and close link with regulatory practice. A technical framework covering the whole chain of research and development has been constructed with clinical value as the core， which provides methodological basis and strategy reference for the scientific transformation of HUE of TCM from "experience" to "evidence".

With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between color parameters (L^*, a^*, b^*, Eab^*) and the contents of reducing sugars, total polysaccharides, total oligosaccharides, as well as four saccharides (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and kestose) during the nine cycles of steaming and sun-drying processing of Polygonatum kingianum, and to preliminarily explore the optimal processing duration.
Methods: The color changes were objectively evaluated using a colorimeter. The anthrone-sulfuric acid method was employed to determine total polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. The 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) colorimetric method was used to measure total reducing sugar content. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detection (HPLC-CAD) was applied for quantitative analysis of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and kestose. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess samples from different processing stages.
Results: Significant variations in color and component contents were observed across processing stages. The herbal pieces progressively darkened with increased processing cycles: brightness (L^*) and total color difference (Eab^*) initially decreased then stabilized, while a^* (red-green) and b^* (yellow-blue) values first increased then declined. Total polysaccharides and oligosaccharides showed overall decreasing trends, whereas reducing sugars initially increased before stabilizing. Fructose and glucose levels rose continuously, while sucrose and kestose decreased progressively, becoming undetectable after five cycles.
Conclusion: The chromatic alteration and saccharide composition of P. kingianum showed significant correlation with processing duration. Both total color difference (Eab^*) and reducing sugar content stabilized after four processing cycles (12 hours), suggesting that four cycles of steaming and sun-drying may represent the optimal processing duration.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the color parameters (L^*, a^*, b^*, Eab^* values) of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata powder prepared by different processing techniques and the contents of 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, emodin, physcion, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
Methods: The L^*, a^*, b^* and Eab^* values of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata powder prepared by different processing techniques were determined by spectrophotometer, and the contents of the five components were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Secondly, SPSS 26.0 software and Simca 14.1 software were used to analyze the correlation.
Results: Through the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), it was found that the steamed samples and black bean steamed samples could be obviously divided into two categories: raw products and processed products. The processed products could be further divided into 2-8 h and 12-48 h. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the content of stilbene glycoside was significantly positively correlated with L^*, a^* and b^* values (P<0.01). The a^* value was significantly positively correlated with the content of emodin and physcion (P<0.01). Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside was positively correlated with L^* value and b^* value, while physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside was negatively correlated with a^* value. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS) showed that 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (VIP=1.69) and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (VIP=1.06) were the key variables affecting chromaticity characteristics (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The three processes of steaming, black bean steaming and black bean stewing are consistent in composition transformation and chromaticity variation, and stilbene glycoside can be used as a specific index component to characterize the processed color. Chromatic parameters can effectively reflect the processing progression and serve as quality monitoring indicators during production.

Objective: To investigate the current status and trends of depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province, and to explore the primary related factors of depressive symptoms, so as to provide a scientific basis for strengthening mental health among students. Methods: A total of 279 382 students in Hunan Province were selected through a stratified cluster random sampling method from 2021 to 2023. National Survey Questionnaire on Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors among Students was adopted for the survey, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to assess their depressive symptoms. The χ 2 test and trend χ 2 test were used to analyze depressive symptoms prevalence and trends, and multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of depressive symptoms. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among students in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023 were 19.66%, 20.17% and 21.47%, respectively, showing an upward trend ( χ 2 trend =9.07, P <0.01). In addition, the results of the multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that students with healthy diet ( OR=0.43, 95%CI =0.40-0.45), adequate sleep ( OR=0.88, 95%CI =0.86-0.90), and acceptable screen time ( OR=0.61, 95%CI =0.60-0.62) had lower risks in depressive symptoms detection, while students with smoking ( OR= 1.95, 95%CI =1.88-2.02), secondhand smoke exposure ( OR=1.33, 95%CI =1.30-1.36) and Internet addiction ( OR= 4.19 , 95%CI =4.05-4.34) had higher risks in depressive symptoms detection, with differences in the degree of association among different genders, educational stages and urban rural groups ( OR=0.40-6.04, Z =-12.69-11.98) ( P <0.05). Conclusions There is an increasing trend of depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023.Targeted depression prevention measures should be taken for students with different demographic characteristics to promote their mental health.

Sarcopenia is a clinical syndrome characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle strength and quality， often accompanied by adverse outcomes such as falls， loss of function and weakness. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is complex， and studies have shown that dysfunction due to impaired mitochondrial quality control is an important pathological factor in the occurrence and development. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has been widely favoured for regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and preventing sarcopenia by virtue of its multi-target and multi-pathway advantages. They can play a role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia by regulating the mitochondrial quality control system to inhibit the occurrence of mitochondrial oxidative stress， regulate the balance of mitochondrial dynamics， inhibit mitochondrial autophagy， promote mitochondrial biosynthesis， resist the occurrence of mitochondrial apoptosis， and maintain the mitochondrial calcium and protein homeostasis. Based on this， the paper reviewed the relationship between mitochondrial quality control and sarcopenia， as well as the mechanism of TCM in intervening the mitochondrial quality control system to treat sarcopenia， in order to provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia by TCM and to a theoretical basis for the clinical research on TCM intervention in sarcopenia.

Objective To construction and investigate the application effect of auricular acupressure technology in patients with cough with different syndrome types.Methods From December 2022 to March 2023,the Delphi method was used to consult experts to form a technical scheme for auricular pressure in patients with cough with different syndrome types in the early and middle stages.122 patients with stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ lung cancer cough from the oncology department of 3 tertiary hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing between July 2023 to January 2024 were randomly divided into an experimental group(61 cases)and a control group(61 cases).The experimental group referred to the constructed auricular acupressure technique program to identify and take acupoints,and the control group used the original auricular acupressure program for 7 d of continuous intervention.The changes in the scores of the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)and the scores of The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for lung cancer(MDASI-LC)were observed in the 2 groups before and after the intervention.Results The final scheme included 3 first-level items,12 second-level items,and 14 third-level items.The 2 rounds of expert authority coefficients were 0.88,indicating a high degree of authority,and the Kendall harmony coefficients of the 2 rounds of correspondence were 0.170 and 0.130(P＜0.001),respectively,and the results tended to be consistent.A total of 122 patients completed the study.After intervention,the VAS score of cough severity in the experimental group was 3.0(2.0,3.0)points,which was lower than 3.0(3.0,4.0)points in the control group.The MDASI-LC score of the experimental group was 17.0(9.5,31.5)points,which was lower than 28.0(15.5,47.5)points in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The constructed auricular acupressure technique program has certain scientificity,and it can effectively relieve cough symptoms of stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ lung cancer patients,and the severity of symptom clusters has been improved,which provides the basis for TCM nursing intervention in cough symptoms of lung cancer patients.