: To analyze the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among primary and secondary school students in Rural Nutrition Improvement Program areas of Guizhou Province in 2023, and to explore the related factors, so as to provide evidence for Rural Nutrition Improvement Program optimization. Methods: In September 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling strategy was used to select 40 rural compulsory education schools with rural nutrition improvement program in five counties of Guizhou Province. School level questionnaire was employed to collect information of basic characteristics and school meal implementation. A total of 7 826 primary and secondary school students aged 6-16 underwent anthropometry and hemoglobin (Hb) determination; serum ferritin (SF) was additionally measured in a random subsample of 1 795 pupils. Students in Grade 3 and above also completed a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours and nutrition knowledge. Group comparisons were conducted by Chi square test or Fisher s exact test, and multivariable Logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with anemia and iron deficiency. Results: The overall Hb level was (133.21±12.95)g/L, with an anemia prevalence of 7.17%. The overall SF level was (69.58±59.01)μg/L, with an iron deficiency prevalence of 2.73%. Multivariable analysis showed that stunting ( OR =1.88), school menus without nutrient calculation ( OR =1.61) and absence of menu planning software in the current semester ( OR =2.34) independently increased anemia risk, whereas obesity reduced it ( OR =0.54) (all P <0.05). Girls ( OR =4.16) and Grades 7-9 ( OR =5.93) increased iron deficiency risk (both P <0.05). Compared with rarely eating fresh vegetables, students with consuming <3 kinds per day ( OR =0.08) or exactly 3 kinds per day ( OR =0.06) had lower iron deficiency risks (both P <0.05). Conclusions Anemia and iron deficiency are prevalent among primary and secondary school students in Guizhou. Targeted intervention measures should be implemented for key populations to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition improvement program.

Lung cancer still ranks first among malignant tumors in the world and China. Although surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and other treatments can delay patients' lives， thorny problems remain to be solved， such as adverse reactions after intervention， patient resistance to treatment， and the economic burden of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） featuring a holistic view advocates macro interventions throughout the entire disease cycle， which has the advantages of reducing toxicity， improving efficiency， and enhancing patients' quality of life. The theory of ''sensation and response'' was first recorded in the book of I-Ching. This is the natural law of mutual induction， influence， and interaction among all things in nature. According to the theory of ''Qi monism'' and the proposal of regulating Qi movement and removing toxin by Professor Hua Baojin， we re-examine lung cancer from the primitive thinking in TCM and explain the relevance of Qi movement changes to the occurrence， progression， and treatment of lung cancer. The core pathogeneses of lung cancer are the deficiency of healthy Qi and invasion of deficiency pathogen resulting in the formation of cancer and the internal generation of cancer toxin leading to intermediate dysfunction. Six excesses and Yin pathogen invade and gradually accumulate in the lung and spleen， leading to the generation of cancer toxin， which eventually evolve into lung cancer. The treatment can be based on the theories of five elements and visceral manifestation from three aspects. First， on the basis of syndrome differentiation， medicinal materials of different flavors can be used. Specifically， pungent medicinal materials can be used for dredging and sweet medicinal materials can be used for tonifying. Second， medicinal materials with similar morphology or origin to that in the human body can be used for treating the diseases in corresponding sites. Finally， corrigent medicinal materials can be combined for two-way regulation. These measures can be applied in lung cancer treatment to optimize the prevention and treatment strategies and provide new research directions for TCM diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Objectives: . Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is a significant cause of hearing loss. Intratympanic steroid injection (ITSI) is commonly used as an initial or salvage treatment; however, the lack of a standardized treatment protocol has resulted in variability in clinical practice. In addition, no efficient prediction model currently exists to support personalized management. Therefore, this study aimed to develop tailored management strategies for ISSNHL using a machine-learning model. Methods: . This retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2020, with data analysis performed between January 2021 and March 2024. Patients were selected based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision criteria for ISSNHL, along with relevant medication and procedure codes. Patients with pure-tone audiogram results not meeting ISSNHL criteria, better initial hearing in the affected ear, an identifiable etiology, no post-treatment audiogram, or delayed treatment (>6 weeks) were excluded. We included 770 patients diagnosed with ISSNHL who received ITSI. The primary outcome was the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction performance. Recovery status was determined using the last pure-tone audiogram. Modeling was conducted on the Quanta for Medical Care AI platform using five machine-learning algorithms and a nested cross-validation framework, in which feature selection and hyperparameter tuning were performed in the inner folds and model performance was evaluated in the outer folds. Results: . A random forest classifier outperformed the other models in predicting hearing outcomes, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.788. Time to ITSI was the most influential treatment-related factor, with ITSI administered within 10 days of hearing loss being associated with better outcomes. This model can be used to provide personalized prognostic estimates under different treatment protocols. Conclusion . The machine-learning-based prediction model facilitates personalized treatment strategies and timely treatment adjustments for ISSNHL, thereby optimizing the likelihood of complete recovery.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

The chemical constituents in dried roots of Atractylodes macrocephala were investigated in this study. Through utilizing normal-phase silica gel and ODS column chromatography, TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC, 4 new sesquiterpenoids were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of A. macrocephala. By various spectroscopic techniques, such as 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, and CD, their structures were identified as atractylmacron A (1), 9β-hydroxyasterolide (2), atractylenolide H (3), atractylenolide J (4). Compound 1 possesses a rare 6/7 bicyclic skeleton.

Objective To investigate the value of fractional-order calculus(FROC)and continuous-time random-walk(CTRW)diffusion models based on readout segmentation of long variable echo-trains(RESOLVE)in identifying benign and malignant lesions in the head and neck.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 patients pathologically confirmed head and neck lesions,including 19 benign lesions(BL)and 42 malignant lesions(ML).The ML were further divided into a lymphoma subgroup(LS)with 9 cases(14 lesions)and a non-lymphoma malignant lesion subgroup(MLS)with 33 cases.The parameters of DFROC,βFROC,μFROC,DCTRW,αCTRW and βCTRW were obtained from the two diffusion models;Independent sample t-tests or U tests were used to compare the differences in each parameter between benign and malignant groups and among various subgroups,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter.Area under the curve(AUC)was compared by DeLong test.Results DFROC,μFROC,DCTRW and αCTRW showed significant differences between benign and malignant,BL and LS,BL and MLS and LS and MLS,with αCTRW showed the highest diagnostic efficacy;βFROC showed differences between BL and LS,BL and MLS,whileβCTRW did not show differences between benign and malignant groups,and among subgroups.Conclusion FROC and CTRW diffusion models based on RESOLVE can distinguish between benign and malignant head and neck lesions with multiple parameters,and provide metrics reflecting tissue heterogeneity.

Objective To compare the hematological parameters,biochemical profiles,histopathological characteristics,and cytokines associated with lipid metabolism in 8-weeks-old specific pathogen-free(SPF)grade and germ-free(GF)golden hamsters.Methods Twenty 8-weeks-old SPF grade and GF golden hamsters,with equal numbers of males and females,were utilized in this study.Serum cytokines associated with routine blood parameters,blood biochemistry,and lipid metabolism were quantified using automated hematology and biochemical analyzers,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.The cecum,small intestine,lung,spleen,forestomach,and glandular stomach were examined by histopathology.Results We compared the result between SPF grade and GF golden hamsters at 8 weeks of age.Regarding hematological parameters,females showed significant differences(P＜0.05)in white blood cell count,hemoglobin concentration,mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH),and mean platelet volume between the two groups,and highly significant differences(P＜0.001)in MCH concentration(MCHC),platelet distribution width(PDW),and lymphocyte count(LYM).Males showed significant differences(P＜0.05)in mean corpuscular volume,MCH,LYM,neutrophil count,basophil count,and basophil percentage,and highly significant differences(P＜0.001)in MCHC,PDW,lymphocyte percentage,and neutrophil percentage.In terms of biochemical parameters,females showed significant differences(P＜0.05)in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,fasting insulin(FINS),and glycosylated serum protein(GSP),and highly significant differences(P＜0.001)in triglycerides(TG).Males showed significant differences(P＜0.05)in GSP levels and highly significant differences(P＜0.001)in total cholesterol,TG,LDL-C,FINS,and C-peptide levels.For serum cytokines related to lipid metabolism,females showed significant differences(P＜0.05)in interleukin(IL)-10,adiponectin(ADP),and IL-6 levels,and highly significant differences(P＜0.001)in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP).Males showed significant differences(P＜0.05)in hs-CRP levels and highly significant differences(P＜0.001)in ADP and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.Hematoxylin/eosin staining showed that the cecal muscle layer was thinner and the number of crypts attached to the mucous membrane was reduced in GF compared with SPF grade golden hamsters.In addition,the ileocele was enlarged and the number of goblet cells was increased,the alveolar septum was widened,immune cells in the white pulp of the spleen were increased,and the blood content in the blood sinuses was increased.There was also thinning of the anterior gastric mucosa and the basophilic strength of the glandular gastric tube gland was weakened.Conclusions This study established the differences in routine blood parameters,blood biochemistry indicators,histopathological features,and cytokines associated with lipid metabolism between 8-weeks-old SPF grade and GF golden hamsters,to establish preliminary reference ranges.

Objective:To explore the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on testicular injury in mice exposed to neonicotinoid insec-ticides(NNI).Methods:Fifteen C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control group(CTRI.group),exposure group(NNI group)and Lactobacillus intervention group(NNI-L group).The mice in CTRL group were given 0.02ml/g of 0.5％carboxym-ethyl cellulose sodium solution by gavage for 14 days.The mice in NNI group were given 0.02 ml/g of NNI mixture by gavage for 14 days.The mice in NNI-L group were given 0.02 ml/g of NNI mixture by gavage and 5 × 108cfu/ml of Lactobacillus reuteri powder so-lution for 14 days.Then,the histomorphology and function of testicle were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunofluores-cence staining and RNA sequencing.Results:Compared with CTRL group,the thickness of testicular seminiferous epithelium in the NNI group was significantly thinner.And the decline in the number of spermatogenic cells and sperm was observed.And the expression of spermatogonial stem cell marker UCHL1 was down-regulated which was significantly improved in NNI-L group compared with the NNI group.The abnormal expressions of hormone and sperm methylation related genes in testis of NNI group were detected by RNA sequen-cing,with significant down-regulation being found in NPFF and IGF2.While the expression of HSD3B8 was significantly up-regulated.The abnormal expression of these genes could be significantly improved after oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri.Conclusion:Testicular spermatogenesis and endocrine function can be damaged by NNI exposure.And oral administration of Lactoba-cillus reuteri protects testis from the adverse effects of NNI toxicity.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness, safety, and cost among urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (u-FSH), recombinant FSH (r-FSH)α, and r-FSHβ in the early follicular phase prolonged protocol for patients under 35 years old with normal ovarian function.Methods:It was a retrospective cohort study. Patients under 35 years old with normal ovarian function who underwent early follicular phase prolonged protocol for ovulation stimulation and using in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for fertilization in Reproductive Health Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2023 were recruited, including the fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Patients were divided into u-FSH group, r-FSHα group, and r-FSHβ group. A total of 1 048 ovarian stimulation cycles were included, with 150 cycles, 490 cycles and 408 cycles in the three groups respectively. A total of 710 FET cycles with fresh cycle cancellation were included, with 95 cycles, 320 cycles and 295 cycles in the three groups respectively. The baseline data, pregnancy outcomes, safety, and cost were compared among the three groups. The main observation indicators were cumulative pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate (CLBR). A binary logistic regression model was used to control confounding factors, and to analyze the relationship between three ovulation inducing medicine and CLBR. Results:The difference in the number of oocytes retrieved among the u-FSH group, r-FSHα group, and r-FSHβ group was statistically significant [13.0 (10.0, 16.0), 14.0 (11.0, 18.0), 15.0 (11.0, 19.0), respectively, P=0.012], and the difference in the number of 2PN embryos was statistically significant [9.0 (6.0, 12.0), 10.0 (7.0, 13.0), 10.0 (7.0, 13.0), respectively, P=0.046]. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of available embryos, available embryo rate, the number of high-quality embryos, high-quality embryo rate, available blastocyst formation rate, fresh cycle clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate in fresh cycle, cumulative pregnancy rate of frozen embryos with fresh cycle cancellation, CLBR of frozen embryos with fresh cycle cancellation, cumulative clinical pregnancy rate, CLBR, moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome incidence, ectopic pregnancy rate, multiple pregnancy rate and neonatal malformation rate among the three groups (all P>0.05). In terms of economy, the u-FSH group had the lowest total gonadotropin cost for each patient, while the r-FSHα group had the highest. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant [u-FSH group 4 429.08 (3 198.78, 5 044.23) yuan, r-FSHα group 6 023.72 (5 433.75, 7 529.65) yuan, r-FSHβ group 5 480.00 (4 550.90, 6 437.86) yuan, P<0.001]. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted, using u-FSH as a control. The CLBR of the r-FSHα group and r-FSHβ group showed no statistically significant difference compared with the u-FSH group (a OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.57-1.58, P=0.838; a OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.54-1.48, P=0.654). Conclusion:For patients under 35 years old with normal ovarian function undergoing long protocol ovarian stimulation, the effectiveness and safety of the three ovarian-stimulating medicine are similar, but u-FSH has economic advantages.