ObjectiveTo identify the pathogen species responsible for the wilt disease of Tetradium ruticarpum in Chongqing， investigate there biological characteristics， and screen effective fungicides， so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease control in production. MethodsThe pathogen was isolated via the tissue culture method. Pathogenicity was verified according to Koch's postulates. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The mycelial growth rate method was used for biological characterization of the pathogen and fungicide screening. ResultsThe pathogen colonies were nearly circular with irregular edges， white， short， velvety aerial hyphae， and pale purple undersides. Macroconidia were colorless， sickle-shaped， with 3-5 septa， while microconidia were transparent， elliptical， aseptate or with 1-2 septa. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that the pathogen clustered in the same clade as Fusarium fujikuroi with 100% support， which， combined with morphological characteristics， identified the pathogen causing wilt of T. ruticarpum in Chongqing as F. fujikuroi. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of F. fujikuroi were mung bean agar （MBA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract and yeast powder as nitrogen sources， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and alternating light/dark conditions. The optimal conditions for sporulation were potato dextrose agar （PDA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract as the nitrogen source， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and complete darkness. Among chemical fungicides， phenazine-1-carboxylic acid exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on F. fujikuroi. Shenqinmycin and tetramycin were the most effective bio-fungicides. ConclusionThis study is the first to report F. fujikuroi as the causal agent of wilt disease in T. rutaecarpa. The chemical fungicide phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and the bio-fungicides shenqinmycin and tetramycin showed strong inhibitory effects against F. fujikuroi.

As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired ventricular ejection function due to cardiac abnormalities， representing the terminal stage of most cardiovascular diseases. With its rising prevalence and significant impact on patients' quality of life， CHF has emerged as a major global public health concern. Current Western medicine treatments mainly involve the oral administration of the "new quadruple therapy" drugs and diuretics. Despite substantial progress in pathological research and clinical treatment， challenges persist， including considerable side effects， drug resistance， and marked interindividual variability in therapeutic response. Therefore， exploring and leveraging the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating CHF has become an urgent research priority. TCM has a millennia-long history in the prevention and treatment of heart failure， accumulating extensive clinical experience. Characterized by its multi-component and multi-target properties， TCM enables holistic regulation of multiple systemic functions and intervention in the progression of heart failure， demonstrating significant clinical relevance in its management. By employing therapeutic strategies such as warming Yang， promoting diuresis， replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin， and activating blood circulation， TCM effectively improves myocardial fibrosis， inhibits oxidative stress responses， enhances myocardial contractility， and ameliorates ventricular remodeling. Modern proprietary Chinese medicines derived from classic formulas， based on the theoretical foundation of traditional prescriptions， not only exhibit favorable clinical efficacy but also offer notable advantages in convenience， stability， and safety. This review systematically examined the significant therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of classical TCM formulas in the treatment of CHF， and provided an overview of the clinical application of modern proprietary Chinese medicines. It aims to provide new strategies for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHF.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance rate of clinically isolated Salmonel-la in a children's hospital in Suzhou,and to provide reference for the treatment of salmonellosis.METHOD Totally 177 strains of Salmonella isolated from Children's Hospital of Wujiang District from Jan.2021 to Dec.2023 were collected,and the results of serotypes and drug sensitivity of Salmonella were analyzed.RESULTS The male to fe-male isolation rate of Salmonella was 1.39∶1,with a median age of children infection at 1.3(0.8,2.3)years.The highest number of Salmonella strains were isolated in the month of Jun.,followed by Jul.,Aug.,Sep.,Oct.and May,collectively accounting for 82.49％of all isolates.Acute gastroenteritis was manifested in 142 cases(80.22％),with respiratory tract infections in 38 cases(21.47％)and septicemia in 7 cases(3.95％).The differ-ence in detection rates across the three years was not statistically significant(P=0.806).Salmonella Typhimuri-um was the predominant serotype,representing 54.24％of all isolates.The antimicrobial drug with the highest rate of resistance in Salmonella was ampicillin(71.35％,122/171),followed by sulfamethoxazole/metronidazole(43.60％,75/172),and ampicillin/sulbactam(30.23％,52/172),and no imipenem resistant strains were found.29.07％(50/172)of strains showed multidrug resistance.CONCLUSIONS Boys under three years of age are sus-ceptible to Salmonella infections in summer and fall in this region,with Salmonella Typhimurium being the pre-dominant serotype.Clinical attention should be paid to the characteristics of Salmonella infection and drug resist-ance,as well as the early diagnosis and rational use of antimicrobial drugs.

Objective To investigate the correlation between different TCM syndrome types and RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation in patients with chronic gastritis.Methods Hospitalized cases diagnosed with chronic gastritis from March 2022 to July 2024 were retrieved through the information system of Wangjing Hospital,China Academy of Medical Sciences.Information such as general conditions,pathological findings and RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation detection results were collected.A total of 441 patients with chronic gastritis were finally collected according to the attrition criteria,and were divided into 5 types:liver-stomach disharmony syndrome,spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome,spleen-stomach weakness syndrome,stomach-collateral stasis syndrome and stomach-yin deficiency syndrome.SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the correlation between TCM syndrome types of chronic gastritis and methylation of RNF180/Septin9 gene.Results The majority of 441 patients with chronic gastritis were spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.The results of statistical analysis showed that there were differences in gender,smoking and drinking history and age distribution among different TCM syndrome types(P<0.05).The positive rate of RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation in stomach-collateral stasis syndrome was significantly higher than that in other syndrome types(P<0.01).Correlation analysis further showed that spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome and stomach-collateral stasis syndrome were positively correlated with RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation(P<0.05),and the correlation of stomach-collateral stasis syndrome was particularly significant(P<0.01).Conclusion Spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome and stomach-collateral stasis syndrome are positively correlated with RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation in patients with chronic gastritis.Pathological products such as blood stasis and damp-pathogenic bacteria can increase the risk of"inflammatory-cancer"transformation,and its prognosis is worse than other syndrome types.Timely intervention and regular examination should be conducted to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of liraglutide(LIRA)on acetaminophen(APAP)-in-duced hepatotoxicity at the in vivo level and to reveal the underlying mechanism.Methods Forty SPF grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the Control,LIRA(200 μg·kg-1),APAP(500 mg·kg-1),LIRA+APAP,LIRA+APAP+3-methylade-nine(3-MA,30 mg·kg-1)groups,with eight mice in each group.The mice were administered for three con-secutive days,and the materials were taken after 24 h.The general condition and body weight of mice in each group were recorded,and liver morphology was ob-served.Serum ALT and AST levels,as well as SOD ac-tivity,MDA,and GSH content in liver homogenates,were measured using biochemical assay kits.The levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in serum were detected by ELISA.Liver pathological changes were assessed by HE staining,while mitochon-drial and autophagosome structures in liver tissues were observed using transmission electron microscopy.The number of PCNA-positive cells in liver tissues was e-valuated using immunohistochemical staining.The pro-tein expression levels of LC3Ⅱ,p62,Bax,Bcl-2,PC-NA,and CyclinD1 in liver tissues were determined by Western blot.Results LIRA pretreatment can im-prove the general condition of mice with acetamino-phen-induced liver injury(AILI),reduce serum ALT and AST levels,and effectively ameliorate the appear-ance and morphology of the liver as well as the patho-logical damage to liver tissue.Simultaneously,the lev-els of inflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1βare significantly decreased;SOD activity and GSH con-tent are significantly increased,while MDA content is significantly reduced.Transmission electron microsco-py observations reveal the presence of numerous auto-phagosomes in the cytoplasm of liver tissue.Immuno-histochemical staining results indicate a significant in-crease in the number of PCNA-positive cells.Further-more,the expression of LC3Ⅱ,Bcl-2,PCNA,and Cy-clinD1 proteins in liver tissue is significantly upregulat-ed,while the expression of p62 and Bax proteins is significantly downregulated.However,after interven-tion with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA,the aforemen-tioned protective effects of LIRA are significantly.Conclusions LIRA pretreatment can significantly im-prove liver injury in AILI mice.Its protective mecha-nism may be related to enhancing autophagy in hepato-cytes,thereby reducing oxidative stress,inflammatory response and apoptosis in liver of AILI mice.

AIM:To explore the causal association between the counts of five types of white blood cells—neutrophils,monocytes,eosinophils,baso-phils,and lymphocytes—and venous thromboem-bolism(VTE).METHODS:Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis method was used,with genetic vari-ants associated with the five types of white blood cells as instrumental variables,and venous throm-boembolism occurrence risk as the outcome vari-able,inverse variance-weighted(IVW)method was employed as the primary analysis method,with MR-Egger regression,weighted median(WM),sim-ple model,and weighted mode methods used as supplements,to analyze the causal association be-tween the counts of five types of white blood cells and VTE,followed by reverse MR analysis.RE-SULTS:Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts are caus-ally associated with the risk of VTE.For neutrophil count,the IVW estimate(OR=0.867,95%CI:0.761-0.981,P=0.031),MR-Egger estimate(OR=0.754,95%CI:0.571-0.996,P=0.048),weighted median es-timate(OR=0.846,95%CI:0.729-0.981,P=0.027),and weighted model estimate(OR=0.748,95%CI:0.595-0.942,P=0.014)were calculated.For lympho-cyte count,the IVW estimate(OR=0.838,95%CI:0.741-0.949,P=0.005)and weighted median esti-mate(OR=0.024,95%CI:0.718-0.977,P=0.024)were calculated.Reverse MR analysis showed a causal association between the risk of VTE and neu-trophil count,the IVW estimate(OR=0.989,95%CI:0.980-0.999,P=0.024).CONCLUSION:Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts are related to the risk of VTE,and decrease in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers may increase the risk of VTE.VTE occur-rence risk is associated with neutrophil count,and reducing the risk of VTE occurrence may increase neutrophil count.Further research is needed to un-derstand the underlying biological mechanisms be-hind this relationship.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance rate of clinically isolated Salmonel-la in a children's hospital in Suzhou,and to provide reference for the treatment of salmonellosis.METHOD Totally 177 strains of Salmonella isolated from Children's Hospital of Wujiang District from Jan.2021 to Dec.2023 were collected,and the results of serotypes and drug sensitivity of Salmonella were analyzed.RESULTS The male to fe-male isolation rate of Salmonella was 1.39∶1,with a median age of children infection at 1.3(0.8,2.3)years.The highest number of Salmonella strains were isolated in the month of Jun.,followed by Jul.,Aug.,Sep.,Oct.and May,collectively accounting for 82.49％of all isolates.Acute gastroenteritis was manifested in 142 cases(80.22％),with respiratory tract infections in 38 cases(21.47％)and septicemia in 7 cases(3.95％).The differ-ence in detection rates across the three years was not statistically significant(P=0.806).Salmonella Typhimuri-um was the predominant serotype,representing 54.24％of all isolates.The antimicrobial drug with the highest rate of resistance in Salmonella was ampicillin(71.35％,122/171),followed by sulfamethoxazole/metronidazole(43.60％,75/172),and ampicillin/sulbactam(30.23％,52/172),and no imipenem resistant strains were found.29.07％(50/172)of strains showed multidrug resistance.CONCLUSIONS Boys under three years of age are sus-ceptible to Salmonella infections in summer and fall in this region,with Salmonella Typhimurium being the pre-dominant serotype.Clinical attention should be paid to the characteristics of Salmonella infection and drug resist-ance,as well as the early diagnosis and rational use of antimicrobial drugs.

Objective To investigate the correlation between different TCM syndrome types and RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation in patients with chronic gastritis.Methods Hospitalized cases diagnosed with chronic gastritis from March 2022 to July 2024 were retrieved through the information system of Wangjing Hospital,China Academy of Medical Sciences.Information such as general conditions,pathological findings and RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation detection results were collected.A total of 441 patients with chronic gastritis were finally collected according to the attrition criteria,and were divided into 5 types:liver-stomach disharmony syndrome,spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome,spleen-stomach weakness syndrome,stomach-collateral stasis syndrome and stomach-yin deficiency syndrome.SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the correlation between TCM syndrome types of chronic gastritis and methylation of RNF180/Septin9 gene.Results The majority of 441 patients with chronic gastritis were spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.The results of statistical analysis showed that there were differences in gender,smoking and drinking history and age distribution among different TCM syndrome types(P<0.05).The positive rate of RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation in stomach-collateral stasis syndrome was significantly higher than that in other syndrome types(P<0.01).Correlation analysis further showed that spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome and stomach-collateral stasis syndrome were positively correlated with RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation(P<0.05),and the correlation of stomach-collateral stasis syndrome was particularly significant(P<0.01).Conclusion Spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome and stomach-collateral stasis syndrome are positively correlated with RNF180/Septin9 gene methylation in patients with chronic gastritis.Pathological products such as blood stasis and damp-pathogenic bacteria can increase the risk of"inflammatory-cancer"transformation,and its prognosis is worse than other syndrome types.Timely intervention and regular examination should be conducted to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.

AIM:To explore the causal association between the counts of five types of white blood cells—neutrophils,monocytes,eosinophils,baso-phils,and lymphocytes—and venous thromboem-bolism(VTE).METHODS:Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis method was used,with genetic vari-ants associated with the five types of white blood cells as instrumental variables,and venous throm-boembolism occurrence risk as the outcome vari-able,inverse variance-weighted(IVW)method was employed as the primary analysis method,with MR-Egger regression,weighted median(WM),sim-ple model,and weighted mode methods used as supplements,to analyze the causal association be-tween the counts of five types of white blood cells and VTE,followed by reverse MR analysis.RE-SULTS:Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts are caus-ally associated with the risk of VTE.For neutrophil count,the IVW estimate(OR=0.867,95%CI:0.761-0.981,P=0.031),MR-Egger estimate(OR=0.754,95%CI:0.571-0.996,P=0.048),weighted median es-timate(OR=0.846,95%CI:0.729-0.981,P=0.027),and weighted model estimate(OR=0.748,95%CI:0.595-0.942,P=0.014)were calculated.For lympho-cyte count,the IVW estimate(OR=0.838,95%CI:0.741-0.949,P=0.005)and weighted median esti-mate(OR=0.024,95%CI:0.718-0.977,P=0.024)were calculated.Reverse MR analysis showed a causal association between the risk of VTE and neu-trophil count,the IVW estimate(OR=0.989,95%CI:0.980-0.999,P=0.024).CONCLUSION:Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts are related to the risk of VTE,and decrease in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers may increase the risk of VTE.VTE occur-rence risk is associated with neutrophil count,and reducing the risk of VTE occurrence may increase neutrophil count.Further research is needed to un-derstand the underlying biological mechanisms be-hind this relationship.