Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive, high temporal-resolution technique for monitoring brain activity. However, affected by the volume conduction effect, EEG has a low spatial resolution and is difficult to locate brain neuronal activity precisely. The surface Laplacian (SL) technique obtains the Laplacian EEG (LEEG) by estimating the second-order spatial derivative of the scalp potential. LEEG can reflect the radial current activity under the scalp, with positive values indicating current flow from the brain to the scalp (“source”) and negative values indicating current flow from the scalp to the brain (“sink”). It attenuates signals from volume conduction, effectively improving the spatial resolution of EEG, and is expected to contribute to breakthroughs in neural engineering. This paper provides a systematic overview of the principles and development of SL technology. Currently, there are two implementation paths for SL technology: current source density algorithms (CSD) and concentric ring electrodes (CRE). CSD performs the Laplace transform of the EEG signals acquired by conventional disc electrodes to indirectly estimate the LEEG. It can be mainly classified into local methods, global methods, and realistic Laplacian methods. The global method is the most commonly used approach in CSD, which can achieve more accurate estimation compared with the local method, and it does not require additional imaging equipment compared with the realistic Laplacian method. CRE employs new concentric ring electrodes instead of the traditional disc electrodes, and measures the LEEG directly by differential acquisition of the multi-ring signals. Depending on the structure, it can be divided into bipolar CRE, quasi-bipolar CRE, tripolar CRE, and multi-pole CRE. The tripolar CRE is widely used due to its optimal detection performance. While ensuring the quality of signal acquisition, the complexity of its preamplifier is relatively acceptable. Here, this paper introduces the study of the SL technique in resting rhythms, visual-related potentials, movement-related potentials, and sensorimotor rhythms. These studies demonstrate that SL technology can improve signal quality and enhance signal characteristics, confirming its potential applications in neuroscientific research, disease diagnosis, visual pathway detection, and brain-computer interfaces. CSD is frequently utilized in applications such as neuroscientific research and disease detection, where high-precision estimation of LEEG is required. And CRE tends to be used in brain-computer interfaces, that have stringent requirements for real-time data processing. Finally, this paper summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of SL technology and envisages its future development. SL technology boasts advantages such as reference independence, high spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, enhanced source connectivity analysis, and noise suppression. However, it also has shortcomings that can be further improved. Theoretically, simulation experiments should be conducted to investigate the theoretical characteristics of SL technology. For CSD methods, the algorithm needs to be optimized to improve the precision of LEEG estimation, reduce dependence on the number of channels, and decrease computational complexity and time consumption. For CRE methods, the electrodes need to be designed with appropriate structures and sizes, and the low-noise, high common-mode rejection ratio preamplifier should be developed. We hope that this paper can promote the in-depth research and wide application of SL technology.

OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the changes of volatile components in Euphorbia wallichii after milk and wine processing， and preliminarily elucidate the material basis for reducing toxicity. METHODS Using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology， the volatile components in raw E. wallichii， milk-processed E. wallichii， and wine- processed E. wallichii were isolated and identified， and the relative percentage content of each component was calculated by the peak area normalization method. Combining chemometric methods such as principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least- squares discriminant analysis， changes in volatile components in samples after milk and wine processing were compared. Differential components were screened. RESULTS A total of 66 volatile components were identified from the three samples， with the types of compounds primarily comprising alkanes， olefins， heterocycles and esters， among others. A total of 39， 24 and 36 volatile components were identified from raw E. wallichii， milk-processed E. wallichii， and wine-processed E. wallichii， respectively， with 10 components common to all three preparations. Compared with raw E. wallichii， the relative percentage of other components in milk-processed E. wallichii decreased， except for alkanes and esters. The relative percentage of alkanes， olefins， aldehydes and esters in wine-processed E. wallichii increased， but the contents of heterocyclic compounds， ketones， ethers and alcohols decreased. The results of chemometric analysis showed that the volatile components of raw and processed products were significantly different. A total of 5 kinds of differential components in milk-processed products and 3 kinds of differential components in wine-processed products were screened out. Among them， the relative percentage of potential toxic components such as linalool， octanal and 3-pentanone decreased significantly after processing（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Milk and wine processing may exert a toxicity-reducing effect by reducing the contents of toxic components such as linalool， octanal and 3-pentanonein E. wallichii.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children with newly diagnosed HL from January 2011 to December 2023 at four hospitals: Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Zhangzhou Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and Fujian Children's Hospital. Patients were categorized into low-risk (R1), intermediate-risk (R2), and high-risk (R3) groups based on HL staging and pre-treatment risk factors. The patients received ABVD regimen or Chinese Pediatric HL-2013 regimen chemotherapy. Early treatment response and long-term efficacy were assessed, and prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The overall complete response (CR) rates after 2 and 4 cycles of chemotherapy were 42% and 68%, respectively. Compared with the ABVD regimen group, patients treated with the HL-2013 regimen in the R1 group showed significantly higher CR rates after both 2 and 4 cycles (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences in CR rates were observed between the two regimens in the R2 and R3 groups (P>0.05). The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate, overall survival rate, and freedom from treatment failure rate were 83%±4%, 97%±2%, and 88%±4%, respectively. Cox analysis indicated that the presence of a large tumor mass at diagnosis and failure to achieve CR after 4 cycles of chemotherapy were independent risk factors for lower EFS rates (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric HL generally has a favorable prognosis. The presence of a large tumor mass at diagnosis and failure to achieve CR after 4 cycles of chemotherapy indicate poor prognosis.
Humans ; Hodgkin Disease/pathology* ; Male ; Child ; Female ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis ; Infant

Objective:To investigate the current status of depression and its correlation with psychological resilience in patients with acute aortic dissection(AAD)after discharge.Methods:This study was conducted among 67 patients with AAD who were treated in Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Chongqing Emergency Medical Center,from June 2023 to June 2024 and received telephone follow-up and questionnaire survey,and basic data were collected from all patients,including sex,age,dissection type,educational level,length of hospital stay,discharge time,and hospital costs.Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)were distributed,and finally 49 valid questionnaires were included for statistical analysis.SDS and CD-RISC scores were compared between AAD patients with different basic data variables,and the Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of SDS score with psychological resilience and the scores of each dimension.The multiple linear regression analysis was further performed.Results:The incidence rate of depression was 36.73％among the patients with AAD.With the basic data as vari-ables,there was a significant difference in SDS score between the patients with different sexes and discharge times(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference in CD-RISC score between the patients with different sexes and educational levels(P<0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that SDS score was negatively correlated CD-RISC score(r=-0.408,P=0.004),and SDS score was also nega-tively correlated with the scores of the dimensions of strength,resil-ience,and optimism in psychological resilience(r=-0.283,-0.319,-0.493,all P<0.05).There was a linear regression relationship be-tween the dimension of optimism and the SDS score of depression.Conclusion:There is a relatively high risk of depression in patients with AAD,and there is a significant negative correlation between psychological resilience and depressive state.Strengthening the construction of psychological resilience in AAD patients is important to prevent the risk of depression in AAD patients.

Diannan Su's bone-setting school is one of the orthopedic schools of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and Su Caichen,a famous bone-setting physician in Diannan,is the key figure of Diannan Su's bone-setting school.This paper systematically summarized Su Caichen's bone-setting academic thoughts of"adaptation","harmonization"and"recovery",presented his core bone-setting concepts of"original traumatic chamber","bone-setting prior to activating blood and vessles,bone-setting together with soothing tendons and then fracture healing naturally after the removal of stasis",and introduced his five kinds of bone-setting manipulations for treating the common upper limb fractures in detail,namely shaking and pushing manipulations for distal radius fracture,floating manipulations for fracture of both ulna and radius,five-step manipulations for supracondylar fractures of humerus,staging manipulations for humeral shaft fracture,and degloving manipulations for proximal humeral fractures complicated with shoulder dislocation.Su Caichen's bone-setting academic thoughts,bone-setting concepts and his specific TCM bone-setting manipulations have constructed the academic and theoretical system of Diannan Su's bone-setting school,which will provide an approach for TCM treatment of orthopedic diseases,and will promote the inheritance and development of the specific TCM orthopedic schools.

Humans ; Consanguinity ; Exome Sequencing ; Mutation/genetics* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Ciliary Motility Disorders ; Axonemal Dyneins/genetics*

Objective To investigate the risk factors for the recurrence after endoscopic resection of colonic polyps from the toxin-grime theory proposed by Professor QIU Jian-Xing,and to construct the prediction model for predicting the risk of recurrence.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 383 patients who underwent colonic polypectomy in the Department of Spleen and Stomach of Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2018 to June 2023.All of the patients underwent colonoscopy again during the period of one year to one year and a half after the operation.Of the 383 patients,254 patients relapsed and 129 patients did not relapse.Moreover,the data set of the 383 patients was randomly divided into a training set of 306 cases and a validation set of 77 cases at the ratio of 8 to 2.The risk factors related to the recurrence after colonic polypectomy were analyzed,and a logistic regression prediction model was established for verification.Results(1)In the recurrence-related factor analysis and model construction,logistic regression analysis results showed that related factors for the recurrence of colorectal polyps involved age(OR=1.03),hypertension(OR=2.91),body mass index(BMI)(OR=2.12),improper diet(OR=5.01),history of tobacco and alcohol(OR=2.24),history of use of psychotropic drugs(OR=2.44),damp-heat(OR=4.83),phlegm-retention(OR=3.24),blood stasis(OR=5.17),number of polyps(OR=1.38),diameter of polyps(OR=1.13),and pathological nature of polyps(OR=2.27),the difference being significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(2)The evaluation of the model showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of the training set was 0.874(95％CI:0.834-0.914),and the area under the ROC curve of the validation set was 0.883(95％CI:0.806-0.961).The calibration curves of the training set and the validation set showed that the prediction accuracy of the model based on the above factors was reliable.(3)The clinical application of the model showed that the risk prediction can be performed by drawing a nomogram,and decision-making basis can be obtained after drawing a clinical decision curve and a clinical impact curve.Conclusion Age,hypertension,BMI,improper diet,history of tobacco and alcohol,history of use of psychotropic drugs,damp-heat,phlegm-retention,blood stasis,number of polyps,diameter of polyps and pathological nature of polyps are risk factors related to the recurrence of colorectal polyps.The prediction model based on the above factors has good discrimination and calibration,and can predict the probability of recurrence of colon polyps.

Objective To study the influence of ANGPTL8 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced hepatic lipid deposition.Methods Male wild-type(WT)and ANGPTL8 knockout mice at 6-8 weeks were used to induce sepsis models by intrabitoneal injection of LPS(10 mg/kg).qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detected the mRNA and protein expression of ANGPTL8 in liver tissue and HepG2 cells respectively;The contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum and the triglyceride(TG)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver homogenate were detected by kits;the histopathological changes of liver tissue were analyzed through HE staining.Lipids accumulation in liver were detected by oil red O staining.The apoptosis of liver was determinated by TUNEL staining.RNA-seq was used to analyzing the differentially expressed genes in the liver tissue of WT and ANGPTL8 KO mice,and the qPCR and Western Blot were used to verify the differential expressed genes.Results The expression of ANGPTL8 in the liver was significantly upregulated at 48 hours after LPS stimulation.Compared with WT mice,the hepatic lipid deposition,steatosis,and apoptosis were significantly alleviated in liver of ANGPTL8 KO mice,the ALT and AST levels in serum and the TG and MDA content in liver homogenate of ANGPTL8 KO mice were also reduced significantly.The expression of caveolin-1(CAV1)in liver of ANGPTL8 KO mice was significantly higher than that of WT mice.Conclusions LPS promoted the expression and secretion of ANGPTL8 in liver tissue,and ANGPTL8 increased hepatic lipid deposition and peroxidation by inhibiting the expression of CAV1.

Hip fracture in the elderly is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality and has been recognized as a public health issue threatening their health. Surgery is the preferred choice for the treatment of elderly patients with hip fracture. However, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has an extremely high incidence rate during the perioperative period, and may significantly increase the risk of patients′ death once it progresses to pulmonary embolism. In response to this issue, the clinical guidelines and expert consensuses all emphasize active application of comprehensive preventive measures, including basic prevention, physical prevention, and pharmacological prevention. In this prevention system, basic prevention is the basis of physical and pharmacological prevention. However,there is a lack of unified and definite recommendations for basic preventive measures in clinical practice. To this end, the Orthopedic Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association and Nursing Department of the Orthopedic Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized relevant nursing experts to formulate Expert consensus on perioperative basic prevention for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2024) . A total of 10 recommendations were proposed, aiming to standardize the basic preventive measures for lower extremity DVT in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period and promote their subsequent rehabilitation.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.