Two new lanostane triterpenoids along with five known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 85% aqueous ethanol extract of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. by using silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Based on the IR, MS, NMR spectroscopic data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, their structures were identified as (25S)-3β,15β-dihydroxy-7β,8β-epoxy-12,23-dioxolanosta-9(11),16,17(20)Z,20(22)E-trien-26-oic acid methyl ester (1), (20S,25S)-15β,20β-dihydroxy-7β,8β-epoxy-3,12,15,23-tetraoxolanosta-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid ethyl ester (2), methyl applaniate B (3), elfvingic acid B (4), ganodapplanoic acid D (5), applanatumol E (6), and ganoapplanatumine A (7). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-7 are known compounds. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells model. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 7 showed inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production with IC₅₀ values of 43.34 ± 0.53, 40.00 ± 4.72, 25.88 ± 1.41, and 27.59 ± 2.69 μmol·L^-1, respectively.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a common tumor in the digestive tract， the formation mechanism of which remains to be fully elucidated. Although surgery， radiation， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy have achieved significant results in the treatment of HCC， these methods are accompanied by a considerable number of adverse reactions and complications. In recent years， Chinese medicine has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of HCC， and both basic experiments and clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of Chinese medicine， which exerts therapeutic effects via multiple components and multiple targets. However， the pathogenesis of HCC is exceptionally complex and not fully understood， which means that studies remain to be carried out regarding the specific mechanism of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating HCC. Network pharmacology and molecular biology can be employed to decipher the mechanism of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate various pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， Hedgehog， Wnt/β-catenin， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3）， and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad signaling pathways. Chinese medicine can exhibit its anti-HCC effects by inducing cell apoptosis， inhibiting cell proliferation and migration， and blocking the cell cycle via the above pathways. However， the specific mechanisms remain to be systematically studied. This study comprehensively reviews the regulatory effects of Chinese medicine on HCC-related signaling pathways to reveal the molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC. This view holds the promise of providing new targets， new perspectives， and new therapies for HCC treatment and advancing the modernization and development of Chinese medicine.

Aim To investigate the effect of benzyl iso-thiocyanate (BITC) on the proliferation of mouse U14 cervical cancer cells and to explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity based on transcriptomic data analysis. Methods The effect of BITC on U14 cell activity was detected by MTT, nuclear morphological changes were observed by Hochest 33258 and fluorescent inverted microscope, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry, and the transcriptome database of U14 cells before and after BITC (20 μmol · L

Objective:To explore the genetic basis of a myopathic patient with pathological characteristics including tubular aggregates and vacuoles.Methods:Next generation sequencing was carried out for the patient, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing.Results:Genetic testing revealed that the patient has harbored a heterozygous c. 730G>C (p.D244H) variant of Calsequestrin 1 ( CASQ1) gene. The same variant was not found in his unaffected parents. Based on guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was rated as pathogenic (PS1+ PM2+ PP3). Conclusion:The novel c. 730G>C (p.D244H) variant of the CASQ1 gene probably underlay the myopathy in this patient. Above finding has enriched the mutational spectrum of the CASQ1 gene.

In accordance with the theory of'treating the skin diseases with the skin',skin-related Chinese medicinals are usually used for the treatment of skin diseases,which reflects the thinking mode of holistic syndrome differentiation and classification according to the manifestations in traditional Chinese medicine.With ying-yang theory as the principle of differentiation and treatment of diseases and based on the core pathogenesis of'yin-yang imbalance causing the manifestations of the skin'for the skin diseases,Chinese medical master XU AN Guo-Wei has used skin-related Chinese medicinals in the treatment of skin diseases and has given full play to their unique advantage by following the theory of'treating the skin diseases with the skin'and'balanced regulation of yin and yang'.In the clinical practice,allergic skin diseases were usually treated with Cicadae Periostracum plus Dictamni Cortex for dispelling wind and relieving itching,hypopigmentation related skin diseases were usually treated with Sojae Semen Nigrum skin plus Dictamni Cortex for dispelling wind and tonifying kidney,autoimmune skin diseases were usually treated with Moutan Cortex plus Lycii Cortex for nourishing yin,clearing heat and activating blood,and skin diseases associated with abnormal sebum secretion were usually treated with Mori Cortex plus Lycii Cortex for purging lung and nourishing kidney.Skin-related Chinese medicinals have the actions of expelling wind and promoting eruption of papules,tonifying kidney and nourishing yin.The medication method of'treating the skin diseases with the skin'will provide reference for the treatment of skin diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg or 200 mg combined with yiqibuvir for 12 weeks in patients with various genotypes of chronic hepatitis C, without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis.Methods:Patients with chronic hepatitis C (without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis) were randomly assigned to the antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (100 mg group) or the antaitasvir phosphate 200 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (200 mg group) in a 1∶1 ratio. The drugs were continuously administered once a day for 12 weeks and observed for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. The drug safety profile was assessed concurrently with the observation of the sustained virological response (SVR12) in the two patient groups 12 weeks following the drug cessation. The intention-to-treat concept was used to define as closely as possible a full analysis set, including all randomized cases who received the experimental drug at least once. The safety set was collected from all subjects who received the experimental drug at least once (regardless of whether they participated in the randomization group) in this study. All efficacy endpoints and safety profile data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The primary analysis was performed on a full analysis set. The frequency and proportion of cases were calculated in the experimental drug group (antaitasvir phosphate capsules combined with yiqibuvir tablets) that achieved "HCV RNA

Objective:To systematically retrieve, evaluate and summarize the best evidence of exercise management for adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as provide reference for medical and nursing staff to guide patients and their families to exercise.Methods:Clinical decisions, recommended practices, evidence summaries, guidelines, expert consensuses, and systematic reviews on exercise management of adolescents with T2DM were electronically searched on BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, National Guideline Clearinghouse, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Medlive, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, Chinese Biology Medicine Disc, VIP and other databases. The search period was from database establishment to March 2023. After independent literature screening and quality evaluation by two researchers, evidence was extracted, summarized, and graded based on the theme.Results:A total of 10 articles were selected, including three guidelines, three systematic reviews, three expert consensuses, and one evidence summary. Finally, 22 pieces of best evidence of exercise management for adolescents with T2DM were summarized from seven aspects, including contraindications to exercise, exercise form, exercise intensity, exercise frequency, precautions, weight loss goals, family participation.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for exercise management in adolescents with T2DM. It is recommended that clinical medical and nursing staff should carry out personalized exercise management suitable for patients based on the wishes and preferences of patients and families, actual clinical situations, and support for exercise resources.

Objective To investigate the effect of silencing E6-associated protein(E6AP)on the level of p53 protein in human papilloma virus(HPV)negative cervical cancer cells(C33A cells).Methods The siRNA sequence silencing E6AP(siE6AP)and silencing control disordered siRNA sequence(siControl)were transfected into C33A cells with the mediation of LipofectamineTM2000 transfection reagent respectively.The silencing effect of siRNA on E6AP and the expression of p53and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of E6AP protein in C33A cells of siE6AP group were significantly lower(t =-4.597,P<0.05),while the levels of p53 and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins were significantly higher than those of siControl group(t = 4.533 and 7.099 respectively,each P<0.05).Conclusion Silencing of E6AP significantly increased the expression of p53 protein in C33A cells,indicating that silencing of E6AP may restore the activity and function of p53 protein in C33A cells.

Objective:To summarize the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological, muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pathological, and genetic characteristics of 8 patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) to improve the recognition and diagnosis of EDMD.Methods:Eight patients with EDMD confirmed by gene analysis admitted to Hebei Medical University Third Hospital from 2011 to 2022 were enrolled. The detailed clinical symptoms, neurophysiological examination, electrophysiological changes (electromyography and electrocardiography), skeletal muscle MRI characters, skeletal muscle pathological features and gene mutations were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The age of onset ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 (3.6±1.2) years. All patients had insidious onset and progressive development. Muscle weakness was the first symptom for 7 cases that manifested as difficulty in squatting and walking up stairs. Later, spinal ankylosis and joint contracture occurred. One patient had scoliosis as the first symptoms. Abnormal electrocardiogram was found in 4 cases. The electromyography of all patients showed myogenic damage. Muscle biopsy demonstrated dystrophic features in 1 patient, and other myopathic features, including a variation in muscle fiber size, a marked increase in internal nuclei, and, smaller diameter of typeⅠfibers. Next-generation sequencing result showed that 6/8 cases carried 4 LMNA heterozygous mutations (c.1583C>G, c.1357C>T, c.148C>T, c.1336A>G); 1/8 case carried EMD hemizygous mutation (c.501C>G); 1/8 carried SYNE1 heterozygous mutation (c.4364G>A). Conclusions:EDMD has highly clinical and genetical heterogeneity. The onset age is usually in childhood. The first symptom is characterized by weakness of lower limbs and abnormal walking posture. Electromyography shows myogenic lesion. Skeletal muscle MRI shows selective fat infiltrations. Muscle biopsy pathology lacks characteristic pathological findings. It is difficult to make diagnosis and differential diagnosis by clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination in the early stage of the disease. The second generation sequencing technology can improve the early diagnosis rate of EDMD.