OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variability of bone metabolism levels among different populations and its association with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain. METHODS: A total of 50 people (control group) who participated in physical examination from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected, including 26 males and 24 females, wtih a mean aged of (52.14±9.04) years old ranging 41 to 65 years old. The other 50 patients with knee osteoarthritis(case group) who attended the outpatient clinic of the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in the same time period, including 19 males and 31 females, with a mean age of (53.60±7.76) years old ranging 40 to 65 years. The two groups of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC) and bone metabolism markers, such as 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol[25(OH)D], β-isomerized typeⅠcollagen C-telopeptide breakdown products (β-CTX), total typeⅠprocollagen N-terminal propeptide (t-PINP), osteocalcin (OC), parathormone (PTH) levels were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between two groups of bone metabolism related markers and WOMAC. RESULTS: The WOMAC score of the case group (39.90±2.34) was higher than that of the control group (3.60±0.57), with significant difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups of 25 (OH)D, β-CTX and PTH (P>0.05). The t-PINP and OC of the case group were (62.90±52.40) and (19.88±10.15) ng·ml-1, respectively, and those of the control group were (38.86±10.82) and (14.90±3.62) ng·ml^-1, respectively;the t-PINP and OC of the case group were higher than those of the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that t-PINP was positively correlated with WOMAC pain score in the case group (r²=0.045, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Bone metabolism levels in the serum of patients with knee osteoarthritis are different from those of healthy people, and the difference between OC and t-PINP is the most obvious, and the concentration of t-PINP levels is positively correlated with pain symptoms in patients with KOA. However, the specific mechanism of correlation between the bone metabolism levels of patients with KOA and their pain symptoms needs to be further elucidated by basic experimental research as well as by enlarging the samples.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism* ; Aged ; Adult ; Bone and Bones/metabolism* ; Pain/etiology* ; Biomarkers/metabolism*

Objective:To analyze the trend of lipid changes in patients and individuals undergoing physical examination at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from 2014 to 2024, providing evidence for the formulation of cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies.Methods:A total of 2 657 835 individuals (general population) who underwent lipid testing during medical visits or physical examinations at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2024, were selected. Among them, 6 234 individuals who were tested consecutively for 11 years were considered as the fixed population. Lipid levels were analyzed across different genders and age groups. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed. The trends in lipid changes and the abnormal rates of TC (≥5.18 mmol/L) and LDL-C (≥3.40 mmol/L) in both the general and fixed populations were statistically analyzed.Results:The median age of the general population was 53 (41, 63) years, with 1 498 533 males (56.4%); 1 149 662 individuals (43.3%) were from the physical examination group. The median age of the fixed population was 52 (39, 62) years, with 3 262 males (52.3%); 2 955 individuals (47.4%) were from the physical examination group. Over an 11-year period, the logarithmically transformed TG (lnTG) in the general population slightly increased from 1.35 mmol/L to 1.36 mmol/L (Sen slope=0.007 mmol·L -1·year -1; S=27, P=0.043). Although there were fluctuations in TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C, the trends were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). However, in the subset of the population undergoing regular health check-ups, TC showed a steady increase over time ( S=27, P=0.043). Within a fixed population over the same 11-year period, there were no statistically significant changes in lipid profiles ( P>0.05). Nevertheless, in the fixed subset undergoing regular health check-ups, both TC and lnTG exhibited an upward trend (TC: S=27, P=0.043; lnTG: S=31, P=0.020), while in the fixed subset seeking medical attention, TC and LDL-C demonstrated a downward trend (TC: S=-31, P=0.020; LDL-C: S=-27, P=0.043). Trends in lipid profiles varied among different genders and age groups. Specifically, both men and women aged 20-<40 years old showed an increase in TC, abnormal TC rates, and abnormal LDL-C rates ( P<0.05). Conversely, in the fixed population, women over 60 years old exhibited a decrease in TC, abnormal TC rates, and abnormal LDL-C rates ( P<0.05). Conclusion:During the period from 2014 to 2024, there were slight fluctuations in the average lipid levels of both the general and fixed populations. Notably, TC, abnormal TC rates, and abnormal LDL-C rates increased among men and women aged 20-<40 years old, while these parameters decreased among women over 60 years old in the fixed population.

Objective:To analyze the trend of lipid changes in patients and individuals undergoing physical examination at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from 2014 to 2024, providing evidence for the formulation of cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies.Methods:A total of 2 657 835 individuals (general population) who underwent lipid testing during medical visits or physical examinations at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2024, were selected. Among them, 6 234 individuals who were tested consecutively for 11 years were considered as the fixed population. Lipid levels were analyzed across different genders and age groups. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed. The trends in lipid changes and the abnormal rates of TC (≥5.18 mmol/L) and LDL-C (≥3.40 mmol/L) in both the general and fixed populations were statistically analyzed.Results:The median age of the general population was 53 (41, 63) years, with 1 498 533 males (56.4%); 1 149 662 individuals (43.3%) were from the physical examination group. The median age of the fixed population was 52 (39, 62) years, with 3 262 males (52.3%); 2 955 individuals (47.4%) were from the physical examination group. Over an 11-year period, the logarithmically transformed TG (lnTG) in the general population slightly increased from 1.35 mmol/L to 1.36 mmol/L (Sen slope=0.007 mmol·L -1·year -1; S=27, P=0.043). Although there were fluctuations in TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C, the trends were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). However, in the subset of the population undergoing regular health check-ups, TC showed a steady increase over time ( S=27, P=0.043). Within a fixed population over the same 11-year period, there were no statistically significant changes in lipid profiles ( P>0.05). Nevertheless, in the fixed subset undergoing regular health check-ups, both TC and lnTG exhibited an upward trend (TC: S=27, P=0.043; lnTG: S=31, P=0.020), while in the fixed subset seeking medical attention, TC and LDL-C demonstrated a downward trend (TC: S=-31, P=0.020; LDL-C: S=-27, P=0.043). Trends in lipid profiles varied among different genders and age groups. Specifically, both men and women aged 20-<40 years old showed an increase in TC, abnormal TC rates, and abnormal LDL-C rates ( P<0.05). Conversely, in the fixed population, women over 60 years old exhibited a decrease in TC, abnormal TC rates, and abnormal LDL-C rates ( P<0.05). Conclusion:During the period from 2014 to 2024, there were slight fluctuations in the average lipid levels of both the general and fixed populations. Notably, TC, abnormal TC rates, and abnormal LDL-C rates increased among men and women aged 20-<40 years old, while these parameters decreased among women over 60 years old in the fixed population.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） on vulnerable plaque of atherosclerosis based on the macrophage pyroptosis mediated by nuclear factor （NF）-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteine-aspartic acid protease （Caspase）-1 pathway. MethodA total of 12 normal C57BL/6CNC mice were used as the control group， and 60 ApoE^-/- mice of the same line were randomized into 5 groups： model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose GQL groups （GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G groups， respectively）， and western medicine group. The control group and model group were given （ig） equal volume sterile distilled， and GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G and western medicine groups received （ig） corresponding concentration of drugs for 8 weeks. Aortic plaques were observed based on hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. Serum levels of interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， protein levels of macrophage mannose receptor （CD206）/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC） and CD206/NLRP3 by double-labeling immunofluorescence， and C-terminal gasdermin D （GSDMD）， N-terminal GSDMD， NLRP3， pro-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 （pro-Caspase-1） and NF-κB p65 by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， model group demonstrated serious pathological changes， rise of the levels of serum IL-1β and IL-18 and tissue ASC， NLRP3， C-terminal GSDMD， N-terminal GSDMD， pro-Caspase-1， and NF-κB p65， and decrease of CD206 level （P<0.05）. As compared with model group， the administration groups showed alleviation of the lesions in aortic wall， decrease in levels of serum IL-1β and IL-18 and tissue ASC， NLRP3， C-terminal GSDMD， N-terminal GSDMD， pro-Caspase-1， and NF-κB p65， and rise of CD206 level， with significant difference between some groups （P<0.05）. ConclusionGegen Qinliantang alleviates vulnerable plaque of atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway and further relieving macrophage pyroptosis.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who had undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China. Methods: From November 2017 to October 2018, this retrospective multi-center study was conducted in 11 hospitals in China. It contained data from 281 cases who had undergone CPR and all of the subjects were divided into CHD group and non-CHD group. The general condition, duration of CPR, epinephrine doses during resuscitation, recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), discharge survival rate and pediatric cerebral performance category in viable children at discharge were compared. According to whether malignant arrhythmia is the direct cause of cardiopulmonary arrest or not, children in CHD and non-CHD groups were divided into 2 subgroups: arrhythmia and non-arrhythmia, and the ROSC and survival rate to discharge were compared. Data in both groups were analyzed by t-test, chi-square analysis or ANOVA, and logistic regression were used to analyze the prognostic factors for ROSC and survival to discharge after cardiac arrest (CA). Results: The incidence of CA in PICU was 3.2% (372/11 588), and the implementation rate of CPR was 75.5% (281/372). There were 144 males and 137 females with median age of 32.8 (5.6, 42.7) months in all 281 CPA cases who received CPR. CHD group had 56 cases while non-CHD had 225 cases, with the percentage of 19.9% (56/281) and 80.1% (225/281) respectively. The proportion of female in CHD group was 60.7% (34/56) which was higher than that in non-CHD group (45.8%, 103/225) (χ²=4.00, P=0.045). There were no differences in ROSC and rate of survival to discharge between the two groups (P>0.05). The ROSC rate of children with arthythmid in CHD group was 70.0% (28/40), higher than 6/16 for non-arrhythmic children (χ²=5.06, P=0.024). At discharge, the pediatric cerebral performance category scores (1-3 scores) of CHD and non-CHD child were 50.9% (26/51) and 44.9% (92/205) respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent prognostic factors of ROSC and survival to discharge in children with CHD were CPR duration (odds ratio (OR)=0.95, 0.97; 95%CI: 0.92~0.97, 0.95~0.99; both P<0.05) and epinephrine dosage (OR=0.87 and 0.79, 95%CI: 0.76-1.00 and 0.69-0.89, respectively; both P<0.05). Conclusions: There is no difference between CHD and non-CHD children in ROSC and survival rate of survival to discharge was low. The epinephrine dosage and the duration of CPR are related to the ROSC and survival to discharge of children with CHD.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Arrest/therapy* ; Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Arsenic/toxicity* ; Bangladesh ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth/chemically induced* ; Rural Population ; Zinc

BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerotic plaque could go through rapid progression and induce adverse cardiac events. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of smoking status on clinical outcomes of coronary non-target lesions. METHODS: Consecutive patients with coronary heart disease who underwent two serial coronary angiographies were included. All coronary non-target lesions were recorded at first coronary angiography and analyzed using quantitative coronary angiography at both procedures. Patients were grouped into non-smokers, quitters, and smokers according to their smoking status. Clinical outcomes including rapid lesion progression, lesion re-vascularization, and myocardial infarction were recorded at second coronary angiography. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between smoking status and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1255 patients and 1670 lesions were included. Smokers were younger and more likely to be male compared with non-smokers. Increase in percent diameter stenosis was significantly lower (2.7 [0.6, 7.1] % vs. 3.5 [0.9, 8.9]%) and 3.4 [1.1, 7.7]%, P = 0.020) in quitters than those in smokers and non-smokers. Quitters tended to have a decreased incidence of rapid lesions progression (15.8% [76/482] vs. 21.6% [74/342] and 20.6% [89/431], P = 0.062), lesion re-vascularization (13.1% [63/482] vs. 15.5% [53/432] and 15.5% [67/431], P = 0.448), lesion-related myocardial infarction (0.8% [4/482] vs. 2.6% [9/342] and 1.4% [6/431], P = 0.110) and all-cause myocardial infarction (1.9% [9/482] vs. 4.1% [14/342] and 2.3% [10/431], P = 0.128) compared with smokers and non-smokers. In multivariable analysis, smoking status was not an independent predictor for rapid lesion progression, lesion re-vascularization, and lesion-related myocardial infarction except that a higher risk of all-cause myocardial infarction was observed in smokers than non-smokers (hazards ratio: 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-8.62, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION Smoking cessation mitigates the increase in percent diameter stenosis of coronary non-target lesions, meanwhile, smokers are associated with increased risk for all-cause myocardial infarction compared with non-smokers.

Soil microorganisms are one of the important biological indictors of soil quality and can reflct the comprehensive ecological environment characteristics of the soil. The research of soil microbial diversity is the key to know the ecological functions and balance with soil. In this paper, high-throughput sequencing on PCR-amplified 16 S rRNA gene V3-V4 fragments was used to determine the bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala under the treatment with BZJN1 or streptoprofen. The results showed that there were no significant differences of the bacteria in A. macrocephala rhizosphere soil of the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. All the soil bacteria was classified into 25 categories,67 classes, 108 orders, 167 families and 271 generas, except some unidentified bacteria. Proteobacteria(30.7%-34.8%) was the dominant phylum, of which Alphaproteobacteria(16.8%-18.5%) was the dominant subgroup. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of multiple phylums bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly changed in the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. In addition, RDA analysis showed that there was connection with different environmental factors and microbial communities. The abundance of the three genera in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly positively correlated with Invertase, Urease and AP. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that BZNJ1 could enhance some bacterial functions and promote the plant growth. Biocontrol is a new type of green and safety control pest method. BZNJ1 significantly enhances some bacterial functions on the basis of effectively preventing root rot of A. macrocephala and promoting plant growth, and has no significant effect on the soil bacterial community structure. All the results can provide theoretical support for popularization of BZNJ1.
Atractylodes ; Bacteria ; Rhizosphere ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology

Objective: To investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on progression and revascularization of coronary non-target lesions in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: From January 2010 to September 2014, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with coronary heart disease who underwent two consecutive coronary angiographies at Fuwai Hospital. At least one coronary non-target lesion was recorded at the first procedure in these patients. Patients were grouped according to the diagnose of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Demographic features, risk factors of coronary heart disease, laboratory results as well as characteristics of coronary non-target lesions were collected at baseline (first coronary angiography) and follow-up (second coronary angiography). Lesion progression was defined by quantitative coronary angiography analysis. Lesions revascularization was recorded. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to define the impacts of diabetes mellitus on progression and revascularization of non-target lesions. Subgroup analysis in diabetic and non-diabetic groups were further performed. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used to identify the predictive value of HbA1c. Results: A total of 1 255 patients were included, and 1 003(79.9%) were male, age was(58.0±9.7) years old. And 486 patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Follow-up time was (14.8±4.5) months. Compared with non-diabetic group, diabetic group were older with less male and had higher BMI index as well as higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, prior myocardial infarction and prior percutaneous coronary intervention(all P<0.05). Diabetic patients also had higher level of white blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, endothelin and HbA1c at both baseline and follow-up compared with non-diabetic patients (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference on progression of non-target lesions (20.0%(97/486) vs. 18.5%(142/769), P=0.512), revascularization of non-target lesions (13.2%(64/486) vs. 15.9%(122/769), P=0.190) and non-target lesion related myocardial infarction(1.9%(9/486) vs. 1.3%(10/769), P=0.436) between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus was not an independent predictor for progression and revascularization of non-target lesions (Both P>0.05). Subgroup analysis in diabetic patients showed that baseline HbA1c level(HR=1.160, 95%CI 1.009-1.333, P=0.037) was an independent predictor for non-target lesion progression. Cut-off value of HbA1c was 6.5% (Area Under Curve(AUC) 0.57, specificity 88.7%; sensitivity 24.2%, P=0.046) by receiver operating characteristics curve. Patients with HbA1c level above 6.5% had 2.8 times higher risk of lesion progression compared with patients with HbA1c level below 6.5% (HR=2.838, 95%CI 1.505-5.349, P=0.001). Compared with non-diabetic patients, diabetic patients with HbA1c below 6.5% also had lower risk of lesion progression (HR=0.469, 95%CI 0.252-0.872, P=0.012). ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction was an independent predictor for revascularization of non-target lesions in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not an independent predictor for progression and revascularization of coronary non-target lesions in patients with coronary heart disease. However, elevated HbA1c level is a risk factor for progression of non-target lesion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease/complications* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Beads, a novel drug delivery system self-assembled by cyclodextrins (CDs) and oil, has potential applications in the solidification of oil drugs and improving the bioavailability of lipid-soluble drugs. However, very few researches were dedicated to the mechanism of beads formation. In this study, three-dimensional structures of beads were visualized and investigated using synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT). The structural changes of beads attributed by drying process were analyzed and confirmed via visualization results of SR-μCT. Productively, it was proposed that Pickering emulsion droplets obtained during beads formation process were spatially localized orderly. Moreover, the effects of loading lipid soluble drug, namely, vitamin K₁, on the structural changes of beads were also analyzed. It is well known that the surface tension of oil phase could be changed by the addition of lipid soluble constituents. It was reasonable that the three-dimensional structure of beads might be altered during the drug loading of vitamin K₁ into the beads. However, although the morphologies of beads were changed to some extent, the ordered Pickering emulsion droplets during the process of beads formation was successfully illustrated based on the SR-μCT results. Conclusively, according to the three-dimensional structural analysis of the beads, this study revealed the organized architecture for Pickering emulsion droplet assembly and beads formation in cyclodextrin semi-inclusion complex, which significantly complements the formation mechanism of beads, and provides a structural basis for the further study of beads.