The multimorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and periodontitis （PD） has drawn increasing attention， as both conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation， immune dysregulation， and progressive bone destruction. Modern research confirms that PD is a significant risk factor for RA development， and their coexistence mutually exacerbates disease progression. However， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） currently lacks a systematic theoretical explanation for this complex multimorbid relationship. This study， based on the TCM theory of abnormal collateral， thoroughly examines the intrinsic connection between RA and PD multimorbidity， proposing "abnormal collateral as the pivot， with accumulated toxins eroding bone" as the core TCM pathogenesis. The research elucidates PD as the "origin of abnormal collateral"， where its pathogens act as toxic factors that invade the joints through collaterals， triggering RA via mechanisms such as molecular mimicry. The dynamic pathological progression of RA-PD multimorbidity can be described as follows： the displacement of Ying and Wei at the microscopic level manifests as immune hyperactivation， leading to collateral malnutrition； heat-toxins traversing collaterals induce collateral hyperactivity， resulting in pathological angiogenesis； ultimately， toxin accumulation at the pivotal abnormal collateral site erodes bone， activating the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand （RANKL）-receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B （RANK） signaling pathway-driven osteoclast differentiation. This theoretical framework innovatively integrates modern findings in oral microbiology， immune-inflammation， and bone metabolism， offering a holistic and dynamic perspective to understand the complexity of multimorbidity. Given the limited efficacy of current periodontal treatments for RA and the scarcity of reported TCM compound interventions for multimorbidity， the abnormal collateral theory proposes a systematic intervention strategy centered on "governing diseases through collaterals and regulating collaterals with herbs"， along with TCM therapeutic principles such as "unblocking， clearing， and nourishing collaterals". Potential herbal treatments for multimorbidity are also highlighted. Future research should focus on refining TCM syndrome patterns in multimorbid patients and leveraging omics technologies for deeper exploration， thereby providing a theoretical foundation and research direction for TCM in addressing complex multimorbid conditions.

The multimorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and periodontitis （PD） has drawn increasing attention， as both conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation， immune dysregulation， and progressive bone destruction. Modern research confirms that PD is a significant risk factor for RA development， and their coexistence mutually exacerbates disease progression. However， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） currently lacks a systematic theoretical explanation for this complex multimorbid relationship. This study， based on the TCM theory of abnormal collateral， thoroughly examines the intrinsic connection between RA and PD multimorbidity， proposing "abnormal collateral as the pivot， with accumulated toxins eroding bone" as the core TCM pathogenesis. The research elucidates PD as the "origin of abnormal collateral"， where its pathogens act as toxic factors that invade the joints through collaterals， triggering RA via mechanisms such as molecular mimicry. The dynamic pathological progression of RA-PD multimorbidity can be described as follows： the displacement of Ying and Wei at the microscopic level manifests as immune hyperactivation， leading to collateral malnutrition； heat-toxins traversing collaterals induce collateral hyperactivity， resulting in pathological angiogenesis； ultimately， toxin accumulation at the pivotal abnormal collateral site erodes bone， activating the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand （RANKL）-receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B （RANK） signaling pathway-driven osteoclast differentiation. This theoretical framework innovatively integrates modern findings in oral microbiology， immune-inflammation， and bone metabolism， offering a holistic and dynamic perspective to understand the complexity of multimorbidity. Given the limited efficacy of current periodontal treatments for RA and the scarcity of reported TCM compound interventions for multimorbidity， the abnormal collateral theory proposes a systematic intervention strategy centered on "governing diseases through collaterals and regulating collaterals with herbs"， along with TCM therapeutic principles such as "unblocking， clearing， and nourishing collaterals". Potential herbal treatments for multimorbidity are also highlighted. Future research should focus on refining TCM syndrome patterns in multimorbid patients and leveraging omics technologies for deeper exploration， thereby providing a theoretical foundation and research direction for TCM in addressing complex multimorbid conditions.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert pivotal roles in fostering chemoresistance across diverse tumors. Nevertheless, the precise involvement of lncRNAs in modulating chemoresistance within the context of gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains obscure. This study aimed to uncover how lncRNAs regulate chemoresistance in gallbladder cancer, offering potential targets to overcome drug resistance. METHODS: To elucidate the relationship between gemcitabine sensitivity and small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 ( SNHG1 ) expression, we utilized publicly available GBC databases, GBC tissues from Renji Hospital collected between January 2017 and December 2019, as well as GBC cell lines. The assessment of SNHG1, miR-23b-3p, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression was performed using in situ  hybridization, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to quantify the cell viability. Furthermore, a GBC xenograft model was employed to evaluate the impact of SNHG1 on the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were executed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of SNHG1. RESULTS: Our analyses revealed an inverse correlation between the lncRNA SNHG1 and gemcitabine resistance across genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer (GDSC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, GBC cell lines, and patients. Gain-of-function investigations underscored that SNHG1 heightened the gemcitabine sensitivity of GBC cells in both in vitro and in vivo  settings. Mechanistic explorations illuminated that SNHG1 could activate PTEN -a commonly suppressed tumor suppressor gene in cancers-thereby curbing the development of gemcitabine resistance in GBC cells. Notably, microRNA (miRNA) target prediction algorithms unveiled the presence of miR-23b-3p binding sites within SNHG1 and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PTEN . Moreover, SNHG1 acted as a sponge for miR-23b-3p, competitively binding to the 3'-UTR of PTEN , thereby amplifying PTEN expression and heightening the susceptibility of GBC cells to gemcitabine. CONCLUSION The SNHG1/miR-23b-3p/PTEN axis emerges as a pivotal regulator of gemcitabine sensitivity in GBC cells, holding potential as a promising therapeutic target for managing GBC patients.
Humans ; Deoxycytidine/pharmacology* ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics* ; Gemcitabine ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Animals ; Mice ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics* ; Mice, Nude ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Objective To investigate the relationship between tooth loss and the occurrence of esophageal cancer in a natural village in Wenfeng District, Anyang City, Henan Province. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted to observe the occurrence of tooth loss and esophageal cancer among the asymptomatic residents of the natural village for 16 years from January 2008 to July 2024. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline. Results Among the total population of 711 cases, 136 cases were lost to follow-up and 575 cases were included in the final statistics, including 45 cases with esophageal cancer. Significant statistical difference was found between esophageal cancer patients with and without tooth loss (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that tooth loss was associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.977, 95%CI: 1.543-10.255). After the adjustment for confounders, tooth loss remained significantly associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.038, 95%CI: 1.035-8.914). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between the number of teeth lost and the incidence of esophageal cancer. When the number of teeth lost was less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increased with the number of teeth lost. When more than 12 teeth were lost, the risk of esophageal cancer decreased as the number of teeth lost increased. Conclusion Tooth loss is a risk factor for the occurrence of esophageal cancer in this natural village. When the number of teeth lost is less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increases with the number of teeth lost.

Objective To understand the disease spectrum of a natural village in an area with high incidence of esophageal cancer to provide a reference for precise prevention and control. Methods From 2008 to 2024, 711 asymptomatic people over the age of 35 years in a natural village with high incidence of esophageal cancer in China were surveyed, and 171 of them were subjected to gastroscopy, biopsy, and pathological examination. All participants were followed up for a long time, and their disease history was recorded. Results A total of 16 years of follow-up were performed, and 703 people were effectively followed up. In 2008, 171 people underwent gastroscopy, and 160 people had biopsy and pathological results in endoscopic screening. By 2024, 76 people had been diagnosed with malignant tumors of 12 different types, and among these people, 45 had esophageal cancer. Conclusion Esophageal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality from malignant tumors in this region. Biopsy and pathological examination should be strengthened during gastroscopy, and follow-ups and regular check-ups should be given high importance to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer.

The chemical constituents in dried roots of Atractylodes macrocephala were investigated in this study. Through utilizing normal-phase silica gel and ODS column chromatography, TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC, 4 new sesquiterpenoids were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of A. macrocephala. By various spectroscopic techniques, such as 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, and CD, their structures were identified as atractylmacron A (1), 9β-hydroxyasterolide (2), atractylenolide H (3), atractylenolide J (4). Compound 1 possesses a rare 6/7 bicyclic skeleton.

Chronic heart failure(CHF)is a common end-stage manifestation of cardiovascular disease,and the"spleen-small intestine-heart"axis is its important mechanism.Current studies have shown that the"spleen"in TCM and mitochondria function are similar,and the physiological dysfunction of the"small intestine"is also closely related to intestinal bacterial dysbiosis,and the pathology of the spleen and the small intestine will be transmitted to the heart to accelerate the occurrence and development of CHF.Based on the relevant theory of spleen-small intestine-heart,this article described the correlation between abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism and imbalance of intestinal flora and CHF from the aspects of the spleen,small intestine and heart,and believed that the essence of CHF is a pathological condition formed by mitochondrial energy metabolism crisis and intestinal microecological disorders,which could provide theoretical references for the TCM prevention and treatment of CHF.

Objective:To compare the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes between patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)and non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma(nccRCC)accompanied by venous tumor thrombus.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and pathological data from patients with RCC and venous tumor thrombus treated in the Depart-ment of Urology at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2014 and February 2024.Patients were stratified into two groups based on pathological type:ccRCC and nccRCC.Comparisons of baseline characteristics,intraoperative situation,and prognosis between the two groups were performed using t-tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,chi-square tests,and Log-rank tests.Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:A total of 437 patients were included,with a median age of 58 years,including 317 males and 120 females.The cohort comprised 366 cases of ccRCC and 71 cases of nccRCC.The non-clear cell group included 38 cases(53.5％)of papillary renal cell carcinoma,2 cases(2.8％)of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma,11 cases(15.5％)of unclassified renal cell carcinoma,19 cases(26.8％)of molecularly defined renal cell carcinoma,and 1 case(1.4％)of collecting duct carcinoma.Compared with the clear cell renal carcinoma group,patients in the non-clear cell carcinoma group demonstrated a younger age at diagnosis(59 years vs.55 years,P=0.010),larger tumor size(8.4 cm vs.9.5 cm,P=0.025),higher rates of lymph node metastasis(56.8％vs.70.6％,P=0.034),more advanced tumor thrombus(P＜0.001)and pathological grading(P=0.010),longer surgical duration(272 minutes vs.289 minutes,P=0.023),and shorter overall survival(80 months vs.35 months,P＜0.001).Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that histologic type,distant metastasis,tumor thrombus grading,and sarcomatoid/rhabdoid differentiation were prognostic factors in the renal cell carcinoma patients with venous tumor thrombus.No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of gender,body mass index,tumor laterality,distant metastasis,sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score,surgical approach,conversion to open surgery,blood loss,or transfusion of red blood cells and plasma.Conclusion:Compared with pa-tients with clear cell renal carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus,those with non-clear cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus exhibit earlier onset,more aggressive disease progression,and poorer prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of ring finger protein 130(RNF130)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MI/RI)and its potential mechanism.Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups(n=6):Sham,MI/RI,MI/RI+Vector,and MI/RI+RNF130 overexpression(MI/RI+RNF130OE).Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography 24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion.Pathological changes,oxidative damage,and apoptosis in myocardial tissues were observed via IHC,DHE,and TUNEL staining.Protein expression was detected using Western blot,immunofluorescence,and immunohistochemistry.Proteomic analysis was performed to identify downstream proteins regulated by RNF130,and protein-protein interactions were validated by immunoprecipitation(IP)assay.Results Compared with the MI/RI+Vector group,RNF130 overexpression significantly improved cardiac function,as indicated by increased left ventricular ejection fraction(EF)and fractional shortening(FS),reduced myocardial infarction area,and decreased expression of NOX-2 and BAX proteins(P＜0.05).DHE and TUNEL staining showed that RNF130 overexpression alleviated myocardial oxidative damage and apoptosis(P＜0.05).Proteomic analysis and IP assays revealed a significant interaction between RNF130 and PARP1,with PARP1 expression inversely correlated with RNF130.Conclusions RNF130 may mitigate MI/RI injury by regulating the PARP1 ubiquitination pathway,providing a new target for therapeutic intervention.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological trends of viral diarrhea pathogens in children in Baotou city, and to provide reference for controlling the prevalence of viral diarrhea and guiding the development of regional vaccines.Methods:Fecal samples were collected from children under five years old hospitalized with viral diarrhea at two sentinel hospitals in Baotou from June 2023 to May 2024. Real-time PCR was used to detect group A rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software, with Chi-square tests conducted to assess differences. A P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 246 fecal samples were collected, including 153 from males and 93 from females. Among these, 135 samples tested positive, yielding a positivity rate of 54.88% (135/246). There were 82 positive samples from male children and 53 from female children, with no significant difference between genders. Most positive samples (51.85%, 70/135) tested positive for two viruses. Specifically, co-infections of group A rotavirus with norovirus or adenovirus accounted for 98.57% (69/70) of all co-infected cases. Significant differences in detection rates were observed across age groups (χ 2=29.803, P<0.001), with the highest positivity rates in children under one year old and in the 1-year age group. Seasonality, viral diarrhea in Baotou was more prevalent in winter and spring. The G8P[8] genotype of group A rotavirus was the predominant strain. Conclusions:From June 2023 to May 2024, viral diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years old in Baotou is primarily caused by co-infections of group A rotavirus and norovirus, with a higher incidence in preschool-aged children. The G8P[8] genotype of group A rotavirus is the dominant strain. It is recommended to strengthen vaccination and surveillance efforts for viral diarrhea in preschool children, particularly during the winter and spring seasons.