Objective: To investigate the emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children and the correlations with maternal parenting competence and family rearing environment, so as to provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for the physical and mental health development of preschool children. Methods: In June 2025, 660 preschool children aged 3-6 years old were selected from 10 kindergartens in Hefei, Anqing, and Tongling in Anhui Province by using a stratified cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted among all parents of preschool children using the Parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Child Family Rearing Environment Scale, and the Chinese version of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children. SPSS macro program Process 4.1 and Bootstrap method were used to test the mediating effect of family parenting environment between emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children and maternal parenting competence. Results: The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children was 20.15%. The total scores of family rearing environment and maternal parenting competence were negatively correlated with emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( r =-0.45,-0.79), and the total score of family rearing environment was positively correlated with the total score of maternal parenting competence ( r =0.43) (all P <0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that, after controlling whether being only child, parents educational level, registered residence location and other variables, family rearing environment, self efficacy and satisfaction were all negative predictors of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( B =-0.07, -0.42, -0.42, all P <0.01). The mediation effect results showed that maternal parenting competence could positively predict the family rearing environment ( B =0.75), while maternal parenting competence and family rearing environment could both negatively predict emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( B =-0.49, -0.06 ) (all P <0.05). The Bootstrap sampling method test results showed that the effect value of the indirect effect of maternal parenting competence on emotional and behavioral problems through the family rearing environment was -0.04, and the effect proportion was 8.21 %. Conclusion Preschool children with a better family rearing environment and stronger maternal parenting competence are less likely to have emotional and behavioral problems, among which the family rearing environment has a mediating effect.

Objective To explore the mediating role of occupational well-being in the relationship between professional identity and safety behavior among nurses. Methods A total of 1 006 nurses from ten tertiary general hospitals in eight provincial administrative regions were selected as the research subjects using convenient sampling method. Their safety behavior, professional identity and occupational well-being were investigated using Nurse Safety Behavior Scale, Nurse Professional Identity Scale and Occupational Well-being Scale. Structural equation modeling was performed using AMOS 26.0 to examine the mediating effect of occupational well-being in the relationship between professional identity and safety behavior among nurses. Results The scores for safety behavior, professional identity, and occupational well-being were (53.0±6.1), (123.7±21.2) and (90.8±13.1), respectively. Safety behavior was positively correlated with both professional identity and occupational well-being (correlation coefficients were 0.50 and 0.50, respectively, both P<0.01). Professional identity was positively correlated with occupational well-being (correlation coefficient was 0.51, P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the higher the professional identity and occupational well-being of nurses, the higher the level of safety behavior (both P<0.05). The result of mediating effect shows that the total effect of occupational identity on safety behavior was 0.498 [95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.405-0.576], and occupational well-being played a mediating role between professional identity and safety behavior among nurses with the mediation effect of 0.156 (95%CI was 0.112-0.205), accounting for 31.33% of the total effect. Conclusion The safety behavior of nurses is at a moderate level. Both professional identity and occupational well-being can affect the safety behavior of nurses. Professional identity can increase the safety behavior of nurses by affecting occupational well-being.

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution pattern of potential suitable habitats and the influencing factors of habitat spatial differentiation of Gastrodiae Rhizoma under current climate conditions.Methods Based on 137 distribution records of Gastrodiae Rhizoma sourced from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and 104 environmental variables acquired from the WorldClim dataset,a predictive model for the potential suitable habitat of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was developed using the MaxEnt model.The geodetector was applied to quantitatively analyze the environmental factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of the suitable habitats.Subsequently,an overlay analysis with land cover types was conducted to obtain the distribution characteristics of forest land and cultivated land in the potential suitable habitats.Results Under current climate conditions,key environmental factors affecting the distribution of Gastrodiae Rhizoma included precipitation in July,average temperature in the coldest quarter,precipitation in the warmest quarter,water vapor pressure in September,altitude,and solar radiation in December.The potential geographical distribution range of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was 1.64×106 km2.Considering land cover types,the actual potential suitable area for Gastrodiae Rhizoma was 1.33×106 km2,of which the forest land area was 8.56×105 km2 and the cultivated land area was 4.74×105 km2.The highly suitable forest areas were mainly located within the provinces of Guizhou,Sichuan,Shaanxi,Hubei,Hunan and Gansu.The cultivated land suitable areas are mainly located within the provinces of Guizhou,Sichuan,Yunnan,Shaanxi and Hubei.Conclusion The highly suitable habitats of Gastrodiae Rhizoma are mainly located in provinces such as Guizhou,Sichuan,Shaanxi and Hubei,and are affected by factors such as solar radiation,water vapor pressure,temperature and precipitation.The research results can provide reference for the protection of wild Gastrodiae Rhizoma resources,artificial nurturing and optimal selection of ecological planting areas.

The application of sensors to the monitoring of spinal morphology and motion was reviewed in terms of the research object and monitoring index.The present situation of the application of sensors was introduced,such as inertial sensor,stretchable strain sensor and electromagnetic sensor.The deficiencies of sensors applied to the monitoring of spinal morphology and motion were analyzed,and the future directions of the application were pointed out.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):105-110]

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the potential suitable habitats for the Tibetan medicinal plant Sinopodophyllum hexandrum under current climatic conditions and the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of the habitats.Methods Based on the maximum entropy model,a species distribution model was established using selected species distribution data and environmental variable data.The geographic detector and the interaction detector were applied to quantify the factors affecting the spatial differentiation of the suitable area.By overlaying the suitable area with land cover types,the distribution characteristics of potential arable land and forest land within the potential suitable area were quantified.Results Under the current climatic conditions,altitude,precipitation in July,precipitation during the warmest season,water vapor pressure in June,precipitation in December,and the highest temperature in February are the key environmental factors affecting the distribution of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum.Under the current climatic conditions,the potential geographical distribution range of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum covers an area of 1.30×106 km2.Considering land cover types,the actual suitable area for Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is 6.13×105 km2,including 4.25×105 km2 of forest land and 1.88×105 km2 of arable land.The highly suitable forest areas are mainly distributed in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province and Linzhi City within the Tibet Autonomous Region.The highly suitable arable land areas are mainly distributed in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Dingxi City,Tianshui City,and Longnan City of Gansu Province,with sporadic belt-like distributions in Sichuan Province,Yunnan Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region.Conclusion The study can provide evidence for the protection of wild Sinopodophyllum hexandrum resources and the selection of optimal planting areas.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, genetic alterations, and biological behaviors of hamartomatous inverted hyperplastic polyp (HIHP) in the gastrointestinal tract.Methods:The clinical, sonographic, endoscopic and pathologic data of 10 HIHP cases diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an, China from January 2013 to March 2024 were collected. Their clinicopathological features and histological morphology were analyzed. The cases were further divided into 3 histologic subtypes. Follow-up information was collected to analyze the relationship between histological subtype and prognosis.Results:There were 5 males and 5 females in this cohort. The age of onset was 45-68 years, with a median age of 60.5 years. The polyp-involved sites included 2 cases in gastric fundus, 6 cases in gastric body, 1 case in gastric antrum, and 1 case in duodenum. Digestive endoscopy showed mucosal protrusion lesions in all cases, except 1 case (case 10) of shallow depression on the surface, with the maximum diameter ranging 0.5-2.5 cm. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed multilocular cystic low-density shadows, with septal enhancement (case 4). The preoperative clinical diagnosis was gastric polyp, ectopic pancreas or gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Two cases showed type 1 morphology (i.e., connected with the mucosa, with clear smooth muscle boundaries). One of them (case 10) had a clear opening to form a vase-like morphology, while the other (case 4) had no obvious opening with the surface mucosa. Three cases showed type 2 morphology (i.e., not connected with the mucosa, with clear smooth muscle boundaries). Five cases showed type 3 morphology (i.e., not connected with the mucosa, without clear smooth muscle boundaries or hyperplastic smooth muscle that separated hyperplastic glands showing lobular configuration). Among them, one case of duodenal lesions (case 9) showed gastric type gland hyperplasia and expansion, including gastric fossa, gastric fundic gland and pyloric gland, with various arrangement and combination, accompanied by smooth muscle hyperplasia. In case 10, there was leiomyomatous proliferation in the stroma. The cases 2 and 4 had atypical glandular structures and cell morphology, but immunohistochemistry showed wild-type expression pattern of p53 and a Ki-67 proliferation index of less than 1%, suggesting that it was reactive atypia secondary to inflammation. The results showed that 3 cases had different gene mutations, and no recurrent gene change was identified. All patients survived without disease during the follow-up period of 1-130 months.Conclusions:HIHP is a benign lesion and has no consistently detectable genetic alterations. The histological characteristics of gastrointestinal polyps are complex. Especially, the types 1 and 3 of HIHP have unique gross and microscopic features, which require combination of proper endoscopic sampling and histological examination to correctly classify them.

Objective To compare the differences between swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)and ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography(UWFA)in detecting non-perfusion areas(NPs)in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR),to evaluate the accuracy of SS-OCTA in predicting NPs outside its visible range,and to explore the distribution patterns of NPs.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 69 DR patients(88 eyes)who under-went both UWFA and SS-OCTA examinations at the Ophthalmology Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from December 2022 to September 2024.Manual NP labeling was conducted to compare the detection rate of NPs between the two imaging techniques.The distribution patterns of NPs and the accuracy of SS-OCTA for predicting NPs outside its visible range were also analyzed.Results In a scanning area of 20 mm x 24 mm,the overall NP detection rate by SS-OCTA was 47.40％,with UWFA taken as the standard.The NP detection rate by SS-OCTA was 51.56％in the superotemporal quad-rant,58.35％in the inferotemporal quadrant,45.50％in the superonasal quadrant,and 43.17％in the inferonasal quad-rant.Most NPs occurred in the inferonasal quadrant,accounting for 41.71％of the total NP.The accuracy of SS-OCTA in predicting NPs was 75.00％in the superonasal quadrant and 78.41％in the inferonasal quadrant.The ischemic indices(ISI)of the two imaging techniques were highly positively correlated(r2=0.74).Conclusion Although SS-OCTA can-not yet fully replace UWFA for NP detection in DR patients due to a small visible range,it is still an effective tool to assess retinal ischemia.SS-OCTA has the ability to predict NPs outside its visible range in its scanning range.The inferonasal quadrant is the region where NPs occur most frequently in DR patients,so it is suggested that special attention should be paid to this region in early diagnosis and follow-up periods.

This study investigated the effect of small RNA ncBCG201 on the stress adaptation and intracellular survival of Myco-bacterium bovis.Differentially expressed ncRNAs were screened with RNA-seq after BCG infection of THP-1 macrophages.The ncBCG201 overexpression strain was constructed,and its stress survival,growth,biofilm formation,and intracellular survival were assessed.The ncBCG201 strain showed slower growth and earlier entry into stationary phase.Survival significantly increased under car-bon starvation but decreased under membrane pressure.Biofilm formation capability decreased.Intracellular survival in THP-1 macro-phages at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than observed in the control.Therefore,ncBCG204 enhances BCG survival within macrophages by modulating stress adaptability.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation of cerebral perfusion and cognitive function status in patients with minor stroke(MS)or transient ischemic attack(TIA)complicated by severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion(hereafter referred to as ICAS-MSTIA).Methods Retrospectively enrol consecutive ICAS-MSTIA patients admitted to the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from June 2023 to May 2024.In the meantime,healthy controls were openly recruited.The ICAS-MSTIA patients were divided into two groups based on the side of intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion:the left intracranial large artery involvement group and the right intracranial large artery involvement group.All patients with intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion underwent MR scanning within 2 weeks after the first episode of TIA or MS,while there was no specific time requirement for MR examination in the healthy control group.On the day of MR scanning,the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale was used to evaluate the participants'global cognitive function and performance in various cognitive domains,including visuospatial/executive function,naming,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation.General information of all participants was collected,including age,sex,educational level,body mass index,and history of smoking and alcohol consumption.Clinical data were collected from both left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups,including cerebrovascular risk factors(such as,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at admission,responsible stenotic or occluded arteries(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery),degree of stenosis in the responsible vessel(severe stenosis[stenosis rate 70%-99%],occlusion[stenosis rate100%])and non-responsible vessel(no stenosis[0],mild stenosis[stenosis rate＞0-49%]),collateral circulation compensation(American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology[ASTIN/SIR]collateral circulation classification),and responsible events(TIA,MS).General data and MoCA scale scores were compared across the three groups,while clinical data were compared between the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups.Statistical parametric mapping 12(SPM 12)was used to perform voxel-wise independent samples t-tests on cerebral blood flow(CBF)differences among the left ICAS-MSTIA group,right ICAS-MSTIA group,and healthy control group,with cluster-level family-wise error(FWE)correction applied for adjustment.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between global CBF values and total MoCA scores in ICAS-MSTIA patients with left or right intracranial large artery involvement.Results A total of 33 ICAS-MSTIA patients and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Among the ICAS-MSTIA patients,21 had left intracranial large artery involvement and 12 had right involvement.(1)Among the three groups,statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of individuals with reported smoking history(P=0.024)and alcohol consumption history(P=0.011).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had a higher NIHSS score(0[0,2]vs.0[0,0],P=0.044)and a higher proportion of patients with internal carotid artery involvement(13/21 cases vs.2/12 cases,P=0.027)compared with the right side group.No statistically significant differences were observed in other general or clinical data across the three groups or between the two non-control groups(all P＞0.05).(2)Statistically significant differences were found across the three groups in the MoCA scale total score and scores of visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation cognitive domains(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was noted in the naming score(P=0.063).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had lower total MoCA score and lower scores in visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation in comparison to the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).The right intracranial large artery involvement group had significantly lower scores in language,abstraction,and orientation domains than the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).Additionally,the left side group had a lower attention domain score than the right side group(P＜0.016 7).No other statistically significant differences were found in pairwise comparisons(all P＞0.016 7).(3)Patients in both the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups exhibited a significant decrease in CBF in extensive regions on the affected side,including the temporal lobe,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and occipital lobe.Furthermore,after correction,in the left involvement group CBF was higher in the contralateral lingual gyrus,cuneus,and calcarine sulcus compared with the healthy control group(P＜0.05).While in the right involvement group,no regions had increased CBF compared to the healthy control group.(4)Multiple linear regression showed positive correlation between CBF in ipsilateral precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,and the total MoCA score in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement(FWE-corrected,P＜0.05).In contrast,there was no correlation between CBF and total MoCA score in patients with right intracranial large artery involvement.Conclusions ICAS-MSTIA patients exhibited various degrees of impairment in cerebral perfusion and cognitive function.A significant positive correlation is observed between these two impairments in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation of cerebral perfusion and cognitive function status in patients with minor stroke(MS)or transient ischemic attack(TIA)complicated by severe intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion(hereafter referred to as ICAS-MSTIA).Methods Retrospectively enrol consecutive ICAS-MSTIA patients admitted to the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from June 2023 to May 2024.In the meantime,healthy controls were openly recruited.The ICAS-MSTIA patients were divided into two groups based on the side of intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion:the left intracranial large artery involvement group and the right intracranial large artery involvement group.All patients with intracranial large artery stenosis or occlusion underwent MR scanning within 2 weeks after the first episode of TIA or MS,while there was no specific time requirement for MR examination in the healthy control group.On the day of MR scanning,the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale was used to evaluate the participants'global cognitive function and performance in various cognitive domains,including visuospatial/executive function,naming,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation.General information of all participants was collected,including age,sex,educational level,body mass index,and history of smoking and alcohol consumption.Clinical data were collected from both left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups,including cerebrovascular risk factors(such as,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at admission,responsible stenotic or occluded arteries(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery),degree of stenosis in the responsible vessel(severe stenosis[stenosis rate 70%-99%],occlusion[stenosis rate100%])and non-responsible vessel(no stenosis[0],mild stenosis[stenosis rate＞0-49%]),collateral circulation compensation(American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology[ASTIN/SIR]collateral circulation classification),and responsible events(TIA,MS).General data and MoCA scale scores were compared across the three groups,while clinical data were compared between the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups.Statistical parametric mapping 12(SPM 12)was used to perform voxel-wise independent samples t-tests on cerebral blood flow(CBF)differences among the left ICAS-MSTIA group,right ICAS-MSTIA group,and healthy control group,with cluster-level family-wise error(FWE)correction applied for adjustment.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between global CBF values and total MoCA scores in ICAS-MSTIA patients with left or right intracranial large artery involvement.Results A total of 33 ICAS-MSTIA patients and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Among the ICAS-MSTIA patients,21 had left intracranial large artery involvement and 12 had right involvement.(1)Among the three groups,statistically significant differences were observed in the proportions of individuals with reported smoking history(P=0.024)and alcohol consumption history(P=0.011).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had a higher NIHSS score(0[0,2]vs.0[0,0],P=0.044)and a higher proportion of patients with internal carotid artery involvement(13/21 cases vs.2/12 cases,P=0.027)compared with the right side group.No statistically significant differences were observed in other general or clinical data across the three groups or between the two non-control groups(all P＞0.05).(2)Statistically significant differences were found across the three groups in the MoCA scale total score and scores of visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation cognitive domains(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was noted in the naming score(P=0.063).The left intracranial large artery involvement group had lower total MoCA score and lower scores in visuospatial/executive function,attention,language,abstraction,delayed recall,and orientation in comparison to the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).The right intracranial large artery involvement group had significantly lower scores in language,abstraction,and orientation domains than the healthy control group(all P＜0.016 7).Additionally,the left side group had a lower attention domain score than the right side group(P＜0.016 7).No other statistically significant differences were found in pairwise comparisons(all P＞0.016 7).(3)Patients in both the left and right intracranial large artery involvement groups exhibited a significant decrease in CBF in extensive regions on the affected side,including the temporal lobe,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and occipital lobe.Furthermore,after correction,in the left involvement group CBF was higher in the contralateral lingual gyrus,cuneus,and calcarine sulcus compared with the healthy control group(P＜0.05).While in the right involvement group,no regions had increased CBF compared to the healthy control group.(4)Multiple linear regression showed positive correlation between CBF in ipsilateral precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,and the total MoCA score in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement(FWE-corrected,P＜0.05).In contrast,there was no correlation between CBF and total MoCA score in patients with right intracranial large artery involvement.Conclusions ICAS-MSTIA patients exhibited various degrees of impairment in cerebral perfusion and cognitive function.A significant positive correlation is observed between these two impairments in patients with left intracranial large artery involvement.