ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination levels of zearalenone (ZEN) in commercially available edible vegetable oils in Ningbo City and to assess its health risks to local residents. MethodsA total of 330 samples of commercially available edible vegetable oil samples (50 each of peanut oil, corn oil, and olive oil; 40 each of rapeseed oil and blended oil; 30 each of soybean oil, rice oil, and sunflower seed oil; and 10 of camellia oil) were collected in 2024. The samples were tested for ZEN using the first method specified in GB 5009.209‒2016 National Food Safety Standard―Determination of Zearalenone in Food, namely the liquid chromatography method, and the contamination status was analyzed. Additionally, combined with dietary consumption data of residents, the Monte Carlo simulation method was employed to evaluate the health risks of ZEN in edible vegetable oils. ResultsZEN was detected in 267 out of 330 samples, with a detection rate of 80.91%, and the median (P₅₀) and the 25th, 75th percentiles (P₂₅, P₇₅) of ZEN concentrations were 2.02 (0.37, 17.90) μg·kg^-1, with a maximum value of 342.00 μg·kg^-1. The ZEN detection rates in corn oil, peanut oil, and blended oil were all 100.00%. The daily average exposure (P₅₀) and daily high exposure (P₉₅) to ZEN via edible vegetable oils among Ningbo residents were 0.001 μg·kg^-1 (normalized to body weight, same below) and 0.060 μg·kg^-1, respectively. However, 1.22% of Ningbo residents had a daily ZEN exposure exceeding the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.25 μg·kg^-1. The hazard quotients (HQ) for the daily average exposure (P₅₀) and daily high exposure (P₉₅) levels were 0.004 and 0.020, respectively, both substantially below 1. Nevertheless, the probability of health risk for Ningbo residents due to ZEN exposure from vegetable oil consumption remained at 1.02%. ConclusionEdible vegetable oils in Ningbo City were contaminated with ZEN, but the probability of ZEN exposure exceeding the TDI through edible vegetable oils was relatively low, and the associated health risk probability were also minimal, indicating an overall insignificant health risk.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

AIM: To investigate the value of maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax), extraocular muscle(EOM)diameter, and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody(TRAb)in evaluating inflammatory activity in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: TAO patients underwent orbital 99mTc-DTPA SPECT/CT imaging at the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University between January 2023 and December 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. According to the clinical activity score(CAS), patients were classified into an active group and an inactive group. SUVmax and EOM were independently measured by three nuclear medicine physicians, and the mean values were used for analysis. Serum TRAb levels from TAO patients were measured using a fully automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Nonparametric tests were used to compare differences between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlations of CAS with SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb. Using CAS as the reference standard, receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb, as well as their combination. Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was used for reliability analysis to evaluate the consistency of SUVmax and EOM among the 3 measurers.RESULTS: A total of 99 patients(198 eyes)with TAO were enrolled in this study, including 38 males and 61 females, aged 16-74(46.92±11.84)y. The active group comprised 46 patients(92 eyes), aged 16-71(48.40±12.02)y, with 25 males and 21 females. The inactive group included 53 patients(106 eyes), aged 17-74(45.46±11.59)y, consisting of 13 males and 40 females. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender and age(P>0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb. Compared with the inactive group, the active group showed higher SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb levels(all P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that CAS was positively correlated with SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb(r=0.734, 0.622, and 0.404, respectively, all P<0.01). ROC curves were plotted using CAS as the reference standard, and the AUCs for SUVmax, EOM, TRAb, and their combined diagnosis were 0.874, 0.797, 0.715, and 0.892, respectively. The ICC of SUVmax and EOM were 0.925(95%CI: 0.901-0.948, P<0.001)and 0.943(95%CI: 0.907-0.964, P<0.001)respectively.CONCLUSION: Beyond CAS, there is a need to identify objective imaging and serological biomarkers. Measurements of SUVmax and EOM provide visualized and quantifiable tools for assessing TAO activity, and their combination with TRAb can further improve the accuracy of activity assessment.

Over 40%of critically ill patients will develop coagulopathy.Once critically ill patients are complicated with coagulopathy,the incidence of bleeding and mortality can increase by more than 4 times.Early identification of coagulopathy and accurate evaluation of coagulation function are essential for correcting coagulopathy as soon as possible.Therefore,Chinese Society of Thrombosis,Hemostasis and Critical Care,Chinese Medicine Education Association,together with Chinese People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine updated the"Chinese expert consensus on standardized assessment of severe coagulopathy(2025 Edition)"on the basis of the"Consensus of Chinese experts on standardized evaluation of coagulation dysfunction in severe patients"formulated in 2022.This consensus includes four parts:classification and typing,etiology and mechanism,assessment methods,and diagnostic criteria of severe coagulopathy,with a total of 14 recommendations,aiming to provide corresponding guidance for clinical practice.

We report a case of anti-IgLON5 disease with a motor neuron disease-like presentation admitted to the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in July 2021. The patient was a 71-year-old female who presented with the chief complaint of limb weakness persisting for 4 months. She showed progressive limb weakness accompanied by muscle atrophy. Electromyography (EMG) revealed extensive neurogenic damage. Initial serum evaluation for neural-specific autoantibodies was positive for IgLON5-Ab (1∶100). Repeat testing confirmed IgLON5-Ab positivity with a titer of 1∶1 000. The patient was diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease and treated with methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin, leading to clinical improvement. We found four relevant articles reporting a total of 11 similar cases. Thus, in this study, we analyzed a total of 12 cases, including our patient. Based on their clinical manifestations, these cases can be categorized into two types: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)type and isolated bulbar type. Six cases—three males and three females—presented with the ALS type. Of these, three cases had diffuse limb weakness accompanied by muscle atrophy(two cases had diffuse hyperreflexia and one had a normal tendon reflex); one case presented with neck extensor weakness and bilateral asymmetric upper extremity weakness and was hyperreflexic at the bilateral patellar tendons; one case displayed asymmetric weakness in both lower limbs with normal deep reflexes, and one case exhibited neck weakness with hyperreflexia. EMG revealed diffuse lower motor neuron disease involving two or three regions. All patients tested positive for serum anti-IgLON5 antibodies. Four were also positive for anti-IgLON5 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid, two were negative, and six were not tested. Among the 11 patients who received immunotherapy, 4 showed partial improvement in clinical symptoms, 2 exhibited transient improvement, 2 remained stable, and 3 showed no improvement. Testing for IgLON5-Ab should be considered among patients presenting with bulbar symptoms or ALS-like features, especially those with acute or subacute onset, rapid progression, autonomic dysfunction, vocal cord paralysis requiring tracheotomy, cognitive impairment, or involuntary movements. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve clinical symptoms and reduce adverse outcomes.

Objective:To improve the understanding of the clinical manifestation of immunoglobulin G 4-related disease (IgG 4-RD) with neurological involvement. Methods:Patients presenting with neurological symptoms and biopsy-confirmed IgG 4-RD were enrolled between March 2014 and March 2024 from the Department of Neurology of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University. Medical record data of all patients were retrospectively reviewed, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiological results, pathology, treatments, and outcomes. RD were enrolled between March Results:Nine patients (five males, four females; median age at onset: 63 years) were included in the study. Neurological manifestations consisted of pachymeningitis in six cases, peripheral nerve involvement in two, and brain parenchyma involvement in one. Four patients displayed isolated neurologic symptoms. The most common clinical manifestations were headache and cranial nerve palsy, each involving five cases. Magnetic resonance imaging showed thickening and enhancement of the dura mater in the six patients with pachymeningitis. Four of these cases involved the posterior cranial fossa, 3 presented with an inflammatory pseudotumor, and 2 involved the spinal cord. Four patients with pachymeningitis had normal serum IgG 4 concentrations. Eight patients exhibited elevated serum C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rates, with some also showing decreased complement C3 and C4 levels. Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin was elevated in all nine cases. In all cases, histopathologic biopsy results showed extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, with the latter displaying IgG 4+abnormalities. All patients received glucocorticoid therapy, with six also receiving immunosuppressants. All patients were followed up for a median of 30 months, with outcomes including two complete remissions, five partial remissions, one unchanged condition, and one death. Six patients experienced a relapse. Conclusions:Isolated hypertrophic pachymeningitis is the most common manifestation of IgG 4-RD, often occurring in the absence of elevated serum IgG 4 levels. Peripheral nerve and brain parenchyma involvement can also be seen. Clinical manifestations are non-specific, and histopathologic biopsy is frequently required for diagnosis. Although the disease responds well to hormone treatment, recurrence is common. Early combined immunosuppressive therapy can improve prognosis.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Over 40%of critically ill patients will develop coagulopathy.Once critically ill patients are complicated with coagulopathy,the incidence of bleeding and mortality can increase by more than 4 times.Early identification of coagulopathy and accurate evaluation of coagulation function are essential for correcting coagulopathy as soon as possible.Therefore,Chinese Society of Thrombosis,Hemostasis and Critical Care,Chinese Medicine Education Association,together with Chinese People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine updated the"Chinese expert consensus on standardized assessment of severe coagulopathy(2025 Edition)"on the basis of the"Consensus of Chinese experts on standardized evaluation of coagulation dysfunction in severe patients"formulated in 2022.This consensus includes four parts:classification and typing,etiology and mechanism,assessment methods,and diagnostic criteria of severe coagulopathy,with a total of 14 recommendations,aiming to provide corresponding guidance for clinical practice.

Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is one of the most common sport injuries, with high incidence, recurrence and disability rates. Currently, exercise rehabilitation-based non-surgical treatment is the primary management approach for ALAS. However, there remain improper practices such as excessive immobilization or uncontrolled activity, which contribute to recurrent sprains and chronic ankle instability, significantly impairing patients′ athletic function and quality of life. To standardize the non-surgical management of ALAS, improve the cure rates, and reduce the recurrence and disability rates, Chinese Sports Rehabilitation Medicine Training Project of Chinese Medical Association, Foot and Ankle Basics and Orthopedics Group, Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Sports Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate Expert consensus on non-surgical treatment for acute lateral ankle sprain ( version 2025), following the principles of scientific vigor, practicality, and innovation. Thirteen recommendations were proposed for standardized treatment protocols across different healing phases, aiming to provide references for standard management of ALAS and improve the therapeutic outcomes.