Background: One of the primary morphological changes in complete edentulism is the resorption of the alveolar bone. Following tooth extraction, the dominance of bone resorption processes leads to a reduction in both the height and width of the alveolar ridge. This process is most intensive during the first year of edentulism. The mandible resorbs faster than the maxilla. In recent years, panoramic radiography has been widely used to assess alveolar bone resorption, particularly by using the mental foramen (foramen mentale) as a stable anatomical landmark to reduce measurement errors and enhance assessment accuracy. Aim: To study the correlation between mandibular alveolar ridge resorption and its contributing factors in completely edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS), focusing on the Central Hospital of Oral and Maxillofacial Dentistry. A total of 50 patients were enrolled. Data collection included an 11 questionnaire and panoramic radiographs. Quantitative values of mandibular alveolar resorption were measured from the radiographs, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results: The mean age of participants was 68.2±9.2 years, with 32% being male (n=16) and 68% female (n=34). Mandibular alveolar ridge resorption was 34.6±14.4 in males and 50.4±11.6 in females, showing a statistically significant difference between genders (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between alveolar ridge resorption and the duration of edentulism in either gender (p=0.288). Similarly, there was no significant correlation between resorption and the duration of denture wear (p=0.133) or the number of prosthetic treatments received (p=0.213). Conclusion Mandibular alveolar bone resorption is more pronounced in females. However, the duration of edentulism, the duration of denture wear, and the frequency of prosthetic treatments do not appear to significantly influence the extent of alveolar ridge resorption.