Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the payment reform of basic medical insurance on cost,medical behavior and patients′ burden.So as to provide a reference for improving the payment reform in Changsha.Methods Interrupted time-series method was used to analyze the changes of the same-day readmission rate,average hospitalization cost per time and the out-of-pocket proportion before and after the payment reform.Stakeholder interviews were used to investigate suggestions and possible reasons for the change.Results The average hospitalization cost per time and the out-of-pocket proportion of insured patients decreased significantly in early stage of the reform,and then showed an increasing trend.The growth rate of the total number of inpatients and the decrease of same-day readmission rate declined.The results of interrupted time-series analysis showed that the growth rate of total inpatients decreased from 600 per month to 20 per month after the payment reform.The same-day readmission rate increased by 0.237%in the short term after the reform,but showed a downward trend in the long term,with the rate decreasing from 0.014%per month before the reform to 0.003%per month.In the short term after the reform,the average hospitalization cost per time fell by 786.360,and the proportion of out-of-pocket decreased by 2.089%.Conclusion The effects of controlling cost and alleviating patients′ burden were obvious in the initial reform of the basic medical insurance for urban employees in Changsha,but the long-term supervision needs to be strengthened,especially for decomposition of hospitalization and patients′burden relief.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the seasonal impact of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on hospitalization rates for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in middle-aged and elderly adults. METHODS: We collected data on the DTR and hospitalization records of ≥45-year-old patients with ICH in 2019 in Hunan Province, central China. Time-series analyses were performed using a distributed lag non-linear model. RESULTS: Overall, 54,690 hospitalizations for ICH were recorded. DTR showed a non-linear relationship with ICH hospitalization in both middle-aged and elderly populations (45-59 and ≥60 years, respectively). During spring, a low DTR coupled with persistently low temperatures increased ICH risk in both age groups, while a high DTR was associated with an increased risk in the middle-aged group only (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.27). In the summer, a low DTR combined with persistently high temperatures was linked to a higher risk exclusively in the middle-aged group. A high DTR in the autumn was correlated with increased risk in both age groups. In winter, either a low DTR with a continuously low temperature or a high DTR elevated the risk solely in the elderly population (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.69). In the elderly group, the impact of DTR on hospitalization risk manifested within a 5-day period. CONCLUSIONS The impact of DTR on ICH hospitalization risk differed significantly across seasons and between age groups. Elderly individuals demonstrated greater sensitivity to the impact of DTR. Weather forecasting services should emphasize DTR values, and interventions targeting sensitive populations are needed.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the seasonal impact of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on hospitalization rates for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in middle-aged and elderly adults. METHODS: We collected data on the DTR and hospitalization records of ≥45-year-old patients with ICH in 2019 in Hunan Province, central China. Time-series analyses were performed using a distributed lag non-linear model. RESULTS: Overall, 54,690 hospitalizations for ICH were recorded. DTR showed a non-linear relationship with ICH hospitalization in both middle-aged and elderly populations (45-59 and ≥60 years, respectively). During spring, a low DTR coupled with persistently low temperatures increased ICH risk in both age groups, while a high DTR was associated with an increased risk in the middle-aged group only (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.27). In the summer, a low DTR combined with persistently high temperatures was linked to a higher risk exclusively in the middle-aged group. A high DTR in the autumn was correlated with increased risk in both age groups. In winter, either a low DTR with a continuously low temperature or a high DTR elevated the risk solely in the elderly population (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.69). In the elderly group, the impact of DTR on hospitalization risk manifested within a 5-day period. CONCLUSIONS The impact of DTR on ICH hospitalization risk differed significantly across seasons and between age groups. Elderly individuals demonstrated greater sensitivity to the impact of DTR. Weather forecasting services should emphasize DTR values, and interventions targeting sensitive populations are needed.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the seasonal impact of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on hospitalization rates for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in middle-aged and elderly adults. METHODS: We collected data on the DTR and hospitalization records of ≥45-year-old patients with ICH in 2019 in Hunan Province, central China. Time-series analyses were performed using a distributed lag non-linear model. RESULTS: Overall, 54,690 hospitalizations for ICH were recorded. DTR showed a non-linear relationship with ICH hospitalization in both middle-aged and elderly populations (45-59 and ≥60 years, respectively). During spring, a low DTR coupled with persistently low temperatures increased ICH risk in both age groups, while a high DTR was associated with an increased risk in the middle-aged group only (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.27). In the summer, a low DTR combined with persistently high temperatures was linked to a higher risk exclusively in the middle-aged group. A high DTR in the autumn was correlated with increased risk in both age groups. In winter, either a low DTR with a continuously low temperature or a high DTR elevated the risk solely in the elderly population (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.69). In the elderly group, the impact of DTR on hospitalization risk manifested within a 5-day period. CONCLUSIONS The impact of DTR on ICH hospitalization risk differed significantly across seasons and between age groups. Elderly individuals demonstrated greater sensitivity to the impact of DTR. Weather forecasting services should emphasize DTR values, and interventions targeting sensitive populations are needed.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the seasonal impact of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on hospitalization rates for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in middle-aged and elderly adults. METHODS: We collected data on the DTR and hospitalization records of ≥45-year-old patients with ICH in 2019 in Hunan Province, central China. Time-series analyses were performed using a distributed lag non-linear model. RESULTS: Overall, 54,690 hospitalizations for ICH were recorded. DTR showed a non-linear relationship with ICH hospitalization in both middle-aged and elderly populations (45-59 and ≥60 years, respectively). During spring, a low DTR coupled with persistently low temperatures increased ICH risk in both age groups, while a high DTR was associated with an increased risk in the middle-aged group only (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.27). In the summer, a low DTR combined with persistently high temperatures was linked to a higher risk exclusively in the middle-aged group. A high DTR in the autumn was correlated with increased risk in both age groups. In winter, either a low DTR with a continuously low temperature or a high DTR elevated the risk solely in the elderly population (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.69). In the elderly group, the impact of DTR on hospitalization risk manifested within a 5-day period. CONCLUSIONS The impact of DTR on ICH hospitalization risk differed significantly across seasons and between age groups. Elderly individuals demonstrated greater sensitivity to the impact of DTR. Weather forecasting services should emphasize DTR values, and interventions targeting sensitive populations are needed.

Objective:To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition intervention on systemic inflammation and intestinal injury in rats with acute pancreatitis and its mechanism.Method:Rat acute pancreatitis model was established. The rats were divided into sham surgery groups, model group, 12 h nutrition support group, 24 h nutrition support group, 48 h nutrition support group, and 48 h nutrition support group +PMA group according to the random number chart method, with 10 rats in each group. After laparotomy, the rats in sham operation group were closed after gently turning the pancreas. The sham operation group and model group were injected with the same amount of physiological salt. Nutritional support group for 12 h, nutritional support group for 24 h and nutritional support group for 48 h were given enteral nutrition support for 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Nutritional support group for 48 h +PMA group, intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg NF-κB signaling pathway activator PMA was given after modeling, and nutritional support was given for 48 h. The contents of lipase, amylase and creatinine in serum of each group were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and D-lactic acid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The content of diamine oxidase (DAO) was detected by colorimetry. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of intestinal mucosa. Western blot was used to detect the expression of NF-κB pathway-related proteins in pancreatic tissue of rats in each group.Results:(1) Lipase, amylase and creatinine in sham operation group, model group, 12 h nutrition support group, 24 h nutrition support group and 48 h nutrition support group were (4.37±0.61) vs (12.021±1.00) vs (8.77±0.62) vs (6.88±0.63) vs (5.20±0.41) U/ml, (1674.03±172.24) vs (4356.30±229.38) vs (3676.11±382.43) vs (2990.06±251.93) vs (1919.75±179.40) U/L, (32.12±3.37) vs (91.73±9.76) vs (72.38±6.83) vs (53.72±5.98) vs (41.82±4.00) U/L. Compared with sham operation group, the contents of serum lipase, amylase and creatinine in model group were significantly increased. Compared with model group, the contents of lipase, amylase and creatinine were significantly decreased after 12, 24 and 48 h of nutritional support, and were time-dependent ( P<0.05). (2) The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 were (40.26±3.93) vs (123.34±13.19) pg/ml in sham operation group, model group, 12 h nutritional support group, 24 h nutritional support group and 48 h nutritional support group, respectively vs (108.97±12.70) vs (77.36±6.75) vs (49.18±4.97) pg/ml, (77.53±9.95) vs (316.36±23.76) vs (254.79±13.96) vs (177.92±17.20) vs (119.19±13.17) pg/ml, (62.94±5.39) vs (353.16±28.03) vs (275.87±22.11) vs (198.78±24.33) vs (94.60±9.41) pg/ml, (41.21±4.29) vs (6.92±1.01) vs (10.76±0.66) vs (21.24±1.64) vs (35.33±1.69) pg/ml. Compared with sham operation group, the contents of serum inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in model group were significantly increased, while the content of IL-10 was significantly decreased. Compared with model group, the contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased after 12, 24 and 48 h of nutritional support, while the contents of IL-10 were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner ( P<0.05). (3) The intestinal histopathological scores, DAO and D-lactic acid of sham operation group, model group, 12 h nutritional support group, 24 h nutritional support group and 48 h nutritional support group were (0.00±0.00) vs (4.20±0.60) vs (3.00±0.45) points, respectively vs (1.90±0.54) vs (1.30±0.64) points, (4.92±0.42) vs (14.95±1.20) vs (11.87±1.13) vs (9.02±0.53) vs (6.30±0.59) U/L, (2.39±0.22) vs (6.92±0.46) vs (5.21±0.28) vs (3.64±0.39) vs (2.95±0.15) nmol/ml. Compared with sham operation group, intestinal histopathological scores, DAO and D-lactic acid levels were significantly increased in model group. Compared with model group, intestinal histopathological scores, DAO and D-lactic acid levels were significantly decreased after 12, 24 and 48 h of nutritional support ( P<0.05). (4) The protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα were (0.23±0.03) vs (0.94±0.10) vs (0.75±0.06) vs (0.62±0.06) in sham operation group, model group, 12 h nutrition support group, 24 h nutrition support group and 48 h nutrition support group, respectively. vs (0.41±0.06), (1.06±0.12) vs (0.25±0.04) vs (0.47±0.03) vs (0.62±0.08) vs (0.85±0.08). Compared with sham operation group, NF-κB p65 protein level in model group was significantly increased, while p-IκBα protein level was significantly decreased. Compared with model group, the NF-κB p65 protein level was significantly decreased after 12, 24 and 48 h of nutritional support, while the P-iκBα protein was significantly increased ( P<0.05). (5) NF-κB p65, p-IκBα, IκBα, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, lipase, amylase and creatinine were (0.41±0.06) vs (0.82±0.06) in the 48 h group and the 48 h +PMA group, respectively. (0.85±0.08) vs (0.37±0.02), (1.05±0.11) vs (1.10±0.14), (49.18±4.97) vs (105.68±10.69) pg/ml, (119.19±13.17) vs (247.16±23.41) pg/ml, (94.60±9.41) vs (328.24±30.86) pg/ml, (5.20±0.41) vs (10.33±1.01) U/ml, (1919.75±179.40) vs (4023.40±334.56) U/L, (5.20±0.41) vs (10.33±1.01) U/ml, (41.82±4.00) U/L vs (81.33±7.96) U/L. Compared with the 48 h group, the expression level of NF-κB p65 protein, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, lipase, amylase and creatinine in the 48 h +PMA group were significantly increased, while the expression level of P-iκBα protein and the content of IL-10 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Early nutritional intervention can inhibit inflammatory response, reduce intestinal injury and control the development of acute pancreatitis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.

After rice is processed into parboiled rice, it becomes a food with low glycemic index.Due to the effect of parboiled rice-preparing process on the rice, the changed starch structure and digestibility have induced a reduced hyperglycemic response to rice.After changes in starch structure, direct chain starch content increases with the result in digestive rate decrease.Furthermore, the proportion of the slowly digesting-starch(SDS)in the starch, and the content of the resistant starch(RS)go up, which induces an decreased digestive rate.In addition, parboiled rice also confers greater protection against oxidative stress.It also contains high fat and protein with strong sense of satiety, which reduces the level of blood glucose after eating.The parboiled rice is suitable for patients with diabetes and for the individuals with high risk for diabetes, and can also be applied to patients with hypertension, obesity and other metabolic diseases.

Objective:To analyze the current status of referral of stroke inpatients and explore the characteristics of the referral network in Changsha, for the reference to improve and promote the hierarchical medical system of stroke.Methods:Data of the inpatient medical record of stroke patients and the annual reports of medical institutions in Changsha in 2018 were collected from the health statistics network direct reporting system of Health Commission of Hunan province, for analysis of the referrals of inpatients in different medical institutions. Social network analysis was adopted to analyze the density, centrality and K-core of the referral network of stroke inpatients.Results:A total of 82 medical institutions for stroke inpatients were included with 2 859 referrals of patients. Most of the referrals were made between tertiary hospitals(1 515), especially within hospitals of a stroke alliance(1 123). The density of referral network was 0.613.Tertiary hospitals were in the center of the network, the entry points of secondary hospitals were in the center of the network and primary medical institutions were located at peripheral positions. Most of the tertiary hospitals in the 15-core(14, 72.68%), 12 of them were the units of Hunan Stroke Alliance.Conclusions:Tertiary hospitals played an important role in the region, secondary hospitals were able to receive patients referred by tertiary hospitals, but few patients were transferred to primary care institutions; The primary medical institutions failed to play due roles in the referral network. The establishment of stroke alliances could promote the cooperation of hospitals in the alliance, but the division of labor and cooperation among different levels of medical institutions in the region needed to be further optimized.

【Objective】 To study the application effect of gel adsorbent tank in the production of human prothrombin complex concentrate(PCC). 【Methods】 Six batches of PCC were produced from 1000 L cryoprecipitated plasma, using the same gel twice for adsorption within the tank.The number of gel repeated application was examined by retrospective confirmation, and the adsorption rate, specific activity and residue of finished virus inactivation reagent were determined before and after adsorption. 【Results】 All 6 batches of PPC, produced by the same gel, satisfied quality criteria. Both PPC solution and the gel presented good color. The average activities of coagulation Factors Ⅱ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ of six batches of PCC were 118.2%, 157.0%, 140.5% and 176.8%, respectively. The The adsorption capacity of coagulation factor Ⅱ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ were both 100% in the first and second adsorption, while coagulation factor Ⅶ were 75% and 81%, respectively. The average specific activity of coagulation factor Ⅸ was 0.7 IU/mg. The average residues of polysorbate 80 and tributyl phosphate products were 0 μg/mL and 33 μg/mL, respectively. The same batch of gel can be repeatedly used up to 6 times during the PCC process. 【Conclusion】 The gel adsorption tank presents good application value in the production of PCC, which can realize process amplification and automatic control.

Objective: To investigate the effects of sIL-13Rα2 on the apoptosis of goblet cell in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis rats. Methods: Forty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats per group): control group (group A), AR group (group B), sIL-13Rα2 group (group C) and triamcinolone acetonide group (group D). Ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide were used to establish the AR rat model. After the establishment of AR rat models, 50 μl PBS, 100 μg/50 μl IL-13Rα2 and 3.5 μg/50 μl triamcinolone acetonide were respectively dropped into each nasal cavity of every rat two times a week from 4 to 10 week in group B, group C and group D. Group A was operated with saline instead of OVA. The nasal mucosa tissues were collected at 24 h after the final administration. AB-PAS staining method was used to detect the quantity and secretion of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa tissue of all groups. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of Bax proteins.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method.ANOVA analysis was used to compare multiple groups, and LSD-t test was used to compare the two groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the Bax positive cell rate of goblet cells and the rate of apoptotic cells. The difference was statistically significant with P<0.05. Results: Compared with group A, there were more goblet cells and hypersecretion of mucus in the nasal mucosa tissue of rats in group B while fewer in group C. The goblet cells in group C and group D were significantly fewer than that in group B (0.639 00±0.831 vs 0.956 7±0.980, 0.661 90±0.657 vs 0.956 7±0.980, t value was 2.748, 2.767, respectively, all P<0.05). The immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive expression rates of Bax protein in goblet cells of group C and group D were significantly higher than that in group B (0.880 2±0.125 vs 0.568 7±0.953, 0.938 4±0.200 vs 0.568 7±0.953, t value was -2.292, -2.685, respectively, all P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of goblet cell in nasal mucosa of group C and group D were also significantly higher than that in group B (0.516 0±0.079 vs 0.274 0±0.056, 0.535 4±0.829 vs 0.274 0±0.056, t value was -17.671, -2.225, respectively, all P<0.05). The expression of Bax protein and apoptosis of goblet cells were positively correlated (r=0.859, P<0.01). Conclusion sIL-13Rα2 can induce apoptosis of the goblet cells in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis rats, by inhibiting IL-13 and up regulating Bax.