Background: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and these bone conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We collected complete blood count data from patients with fractures and healthy individuals and analyzed their differences. Then, we conducted a 2-sample, 2-step MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of antibody immune responses on osteoporosis and fractures, using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method. We also explored whether immune cells mediate the pathway between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures. Finally, we analyzed the functions and expression levels of key genes involved. Results: Overall, the fracture group exhibited increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and their respective proportions, while absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count, absolute basophil count, red blood cell count, and their proportions were decreased. We identified 44 causal relationships between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures, with 7 supported by multiple MR methods, and 5 showing odds ratios significantly deviating from 1 in the IVW analysis. Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies had a notable impact on osteoporosis and fractures. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene family, particularly HLA-DPB1, emerged as a significant risk factor. However, immune cells were not found to mediate these effects. Conclusions This study elucidated the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and osteoporosis or fractures. The HLA gene family plays a crucial role in the interaction between antibodies and these bone conditions, with HLA-DPB1 identified as a key risk gene. Immune cells do not serve as mediators in this process. These findings provide valuable insights for future research.

Background: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and these bone conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We collected complete blood count data from patients with fractures and healthy individuals and analyzed their differences. Then, we conducted a 2-sample, 2-step MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of antibody immune responses on osteoporosis and fractures, using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method. We also explored whether immune cells mediate the pathway between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures. Finally, we analyzed the functions and expression levels of key genes involved. Results: Overall, the fracture group exhibited increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and their respective proportions, while absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count, absolute basophil count, red blood cell count, and their proportions were decreased. We identified 44 causal relationships between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures, with 7 supported by multiple MR methods, and 5 showing odds ratios significantly deviating from 1 in the IVW analysis. Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies had a notable impact on osteoporosis and fractures. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene family, particularly HLA-DPB1, emerged as a significant risk factor. However, immune cells were not found to mediate these effects. Conclusions This study elucidated the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and osteoporosis or fractures. The HLA gene family plays a crucial role in the interaction between antibodies and these bone conditions, with HLA-DPB1 identified as a key risk gene. Immune cells do not serve as mediators in this process. These findings provide valuable insights for future research.

Background: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and these bone conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We collected complete blood count data from patients with fractures and healthy individuals and analyzed their differences. Then, we conducted a 2-sample, 2-step MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of antibody immune responses on osteoporosis and fractures, using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method. We also explored whether immune cells mediate the pathway between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures. Finally, we analyzed the functions and expression levels of key genes involved. Results: Overall, the fracture group exhibited increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and their respective proportions, while absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count, absolute basophil count, red blood cell count, and their proportions were decreased. We identified 44 causal relationships between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures, with 7 supported by multiple MR methods, and 5 showing odds ratios significantly deviating from 1 in the IVW analysis. Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies had a notable impact on osteoporosis and fractures. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene family, particularly HLA-DPB1, emerged as a significant risk factor. However, immune cells were not found to mediate these effects. Conclusions This study elucidated the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and osteoporosis or fractures. The HLA gene family plays a crucial role in the interaction between antibodies and these bone conditions, with HLA-DPB1 identified as a key risk gene. Immune cells do not serve as mediators in this process. These findings provide valuable insights for future research.

Background: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and progression of osteoporosis and fractures. However, the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and these bone conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We collected complete blood count data from patients with fractures and healthy individuals and analyzed their differences. Then, we conducted a 2-sample, 2-step MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of antibody immune responses on osteoporosis and fractures, using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method. We also explored whether immune cells mediate the pathway between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures. Finally, we analyzed the functions and expression levels of key genes involved. Results: Overall, the fracture group exhibited increased white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and their respective proportions, while absolute lymphocyte count, absolute eosinophil count, absolute basophil count, red blood cell count, and their proportions were decreased. We identified 44 causal relationships between antibodies and osteoporosis or fractures, with 7 supported by multiple MR methods, and 5 showing odds ratios significantly deviating from 1 in the IVW analysis. Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies had a notable impact on osteoporosis and fractures. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene family, particularly HLA-DPB1, emerged as a significant risk factor. However, immune cells were not found to mediate these effects. Conclusions This study elucidated the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, immune cells, and osteoporosis or fractures. The HLA gene family plays a crucial role in the interaction between antibodies and these bone conditions, with HLA-DPB1 identified as a key risk gene. Immune cells do not serve as mediators in this process. These findings provide valuable insights for future research.

Smart wearable devices play an increasingly important role in physiological monitoring and disease prevention because they are portable, real-time, dynamic and continuous.The popularization of smart wearable devices among people under high-altitude environment would be beneficial for the prevention for heart and brain diseases related to high altitude. The current review comprehensively elucidates the effects of high-altitude environment on the heart and brain of different population and experimental subjects, the characteristics and applications of different types of wearable devices, and the limitations and challenges for their application. By emphasizing their application values, this review provides practical reference information for the prevention of high-altitude disease and the protection of life and health.
Altitude ; Brain Diseases ; Heart ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Wearable Electronic Devices

Objective: To elucidate the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 on orthodontic tooth movement, aiming at providing evidence for improving orthodontic bone modeling and remodeling. Methods: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) models were established in 8-week-old Wistar rats, which were divided into 2 groups: the control group (tooth movement) and the test group (tooth movement with local injection of STAT3 inhibitor stattic). Rats were sacrificed on day 7 and 14. Micro-CT scanning was conducted to measure bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and bone mineral density (BMD), and the amount of tooth movement of the specimens. The mouse preosteoblastic cell line MC3T3-e1 and mononuclear macrophagic leukemia cell line RAW264.7 were cocultured in Transwell® culture plates and divided into the control group (blank) and the test group (STAT3 inhibitor stattic was added). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were carried out to reveal osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation, respectively. qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate mRNA expression levels of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the MC3T3-e1 cells. Results : Compared with the control group, in the test group, the alveolar bone at the OTM site showed a significant decrease in the BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, and BMD indexes and a significant increase in Tb.Sp on day 14, while there was no significant difference in the above indexes between the two groups on day 7. The amount of tooth movement was significantly smaller in the test group on day 7 but showed no difference on day 14. ALP staining and TRAP staining revealed weakened osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation in the test group. qRT-PCR demonstrated the inhibitor inhibited the mRNA expression of RANKL and OPG and increased the mRNA ratio of RANKL/OPG in osteogenic precursor cells. Conclusion Suppression of STAT3 activation leads to inhibition of both osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation, resulting in lowered tooth movement and catabolic effects on alveolar bone. STAT3 may play an important role in orthodontic bone modeling and bone remodeling.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the main pathogen for hospital and community acquired infections. Based on the resistance mechanism of MRSA, this article reviews the reducing and eliminating effect of Chinese herb extracts on bacterial drug resistance, by means of PBP2a protein binding, γ-lactamase, plasmid, efflux system, cell structure and biofilmdamage.

Objective: To study the changes of the sensitivity of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to oxacillin after Chinese herbs. effects, so as to find Chinese medicine that can enhance the sensitivity of MRSA to antibiotics and provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of MRSA infection. Methods: A total of 33 commonly used antibacterial herbs were selected to prepare extracts, which act on clinically isolated MRSA. The broth micro dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin on MRSA before and after the action of Chinese medicine. If there is a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05), the medicine is effective. Results:The MIC of oxacillin on MRSA were 128-512 μg·ml-1, after the effect of Bletilla extracts, the change of MIC showed a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05), which could increase the sensitivity of MRSA (271) to oxacillin. Conclusion:Bletilla extracts can enhance the sensitivity of MRSA (271) to oxacillin and the compatibility with antibiotics is expected to restore the efficacy of antibiotic.

[ Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of preoperative three-dimensional radiotherapy (3DRT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 103 esophageal carcinoma patients who received preoperative 3DRT with or without concurrent chemotherapy from 2004 to 2014 in Cancer Hospital CAMS.The median radiation dose was 40 Gy, and the TP or PF regimen was adopted for concurrent chemotherapy if needed.The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival ( DFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival difference and univariate prognostic analyses were performed by the log-rank test.The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The number of patients followed at 3-years was 54.The 3-year OS and DFS rates were 61.1% and 54.9%, respectively, for all patients.There were no significant differences between the 3DRT and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) groups as to OS (P=0.876) and DFS (P=0.521).The rates of complete, partial, and minimal pathologic responses of the primary tumor were 48.0%, 40.2%, and 11.8%, respectively.There were significant differences in OS and DFS between the complete, partial, and minimal pathologic response groups (P=0.037 and 0.003). No significant difference in pathologic response rate was found between the 3DRT and CCRT groups (P=0.953).The lymph node metastasis rate was 26.5%, and this rate for the complete, partial, and minimal pathologic response groups was 14%, 30%, and 67%, respectively, with a significant difference between the three groups (P=0.001).The OS and DFS were significantly higher in patients without lymph node metastasis than in those with lymph node metastasis (P=0.034 and 0.020).The surgery-related mortality was 7.8% in all patients.Compared with the 3DRT group, the CCRT group had significantly higher incidence rates of leukopenia (P=0.002), neutropenia (P=0.023), radiation esophagitis (P=0.008), and radiation esophagitis ( P=0.023).Pathologic response of the primary tumor and weight loss before treatment were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS (P=0.030,0.024 and P=0.003,0.042). Conclusions Preoperative 3DRT alone or with concurrent chemotherapy can result in a relatively high complete pathologic response rate, hence increasing the survival rate.Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm whether preoperative CCRT is better than 3DRT in improving survival without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective To analyze the clinical value of postoperative radiotherapy for node-positive middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( TESCC ) and to modify the target volume .Methods A total of 286 patients with node-positive middle TESCC underwent radical surgery in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from 2004 to 2009.In addition, 90 of these patients received postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis.The Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.The chi-square test was used for comparing the recurrence between patients receiving different treatment modalities.Results The 5-year overall survival ( OS) rates of the surgery alone ( S) group and surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy ( S+R) group were 22.9%and 37.8%, respectively, and the median OS times were 23.2 and 34.7 months, respectively ( P=0.003) .For patients with 1 or 2 lymph
node metastases (LNMs), the 5-year OS rates of the S group and S+R group were 27.3%and 44.8%, respectively ( P=0.017);for patients with more than 2 LNMs, the 5-year OS rates of the S group and S+R group were 16.7%and 25.0%, respectively (P=0.043).The peritoneal lymph node metastasis rates of N1 , N2 , and N3 patients in the S group were 2.9%, 10.9%, and 20.0%, respectively ( P=0.024) .The S+R group had a significantly lower mediastinal lymph node metastasis rate than the S group ( for patients with 1 or 2 LMNs:8.0%vs.35.3%, P=0.003;for patients with more than 2 LNMs, 10.0%vs.42.3%, P=0.001) , and had a prolonged recurrence time compared with the S group ( 25.1 vs.10.7 months, P=0.000) .However, for patients with more than 2 LNMs, the S+R group had a significantly higher hematogenous metastasis rate than the S group (46.7%vs.26.1%, P=0.039).Conclusions Patients with node-positive middle TESCC could benefit from postoperative radiotherapy.The target volume can be reduced for patients with 1 or 2 LNMs.Prospective studies are needed to examine whether it is more appropriate to reduce the radiotherapy dose than to reduce the target volume for patients with more than 2 LNMs.A high hematogenous metastasis rate warrants chemotherapy as an additional regimen.