Schwann cells and macrophages are the main immune cells involved in peripheral nerve injury. After injury, Schwann cells produce an inflammatory response and secrete various chemokines, inflammatory factors, and some other cytokines to promote the recruitment and M2 polarization of blood-derived macrophages, enhancing their phagocytotic ability, and thus play an important role in promoting nerve regeneration. Macrophages have also been found to promote vascular regeneration after injury, promote the migration and proliferation of Schwann cells along blood vessels, and facilitate myelination and axon regeneration. Therefore, there is a close interaction between Schwann cells and macrophages during peripheral nerve regeneration, but this has not been systematically summarized. In this review, the mechanisms of action of Schwann cells and macrophages in each other's migration and phenotypic transformation are reviewed from the perspective of each other, to provide directions for research on accelerating nerve injury repair.
Schwann Cells/metabolism* ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/physiopathology* ; Animals ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology* ; Humans ; Cell Movement/physiology*

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and prognostic influencing factors of endovascular therapy for periprocedural acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion(AIS-LVO)after cardiac surgery,and to analyze the pathological characteristics of thrombi leading to LVO.Methods This study retrospectively and consecutively enrolled patients who experienced AIS-LVO during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery at the Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from June 1,2017,to March 31,2024.The patients were divided into a surgical group and a non-surgical group based on whether they received endovascular treatment.The clinical and imaging data of the patients were collected,including gender,age,hypertension,diabetes,history of smoking,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,cardiac surgical methods(coronary artery bypass grafting,total arch replacement[TRA],cardiac valve replacement,other types of surgery[valve repair,atrial septal repair,ventricular septal repair,heart transplantation]),time from cardiac surgery to AIS onset,location of vascular occlusion(vertebral-basilar artery,right internal carotid artery,left internal carotid artery),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at the onset of stroke,time from stroke onset to puncture,stroke etiology(embolism,arterial dissection,atherosclerotic stenosis),and imaging data including Alberta stroke program early CT score(ASPECTS)of the anterior circulation,ASPECTS of the posterior circulation(pc-ASPECTS)and CT angiography,CT perfusion,etc.The thrombus samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and martius scarlet blue staining.According to the proportion of red blood cells(RBC)in the thrombus,the thrombi were classified as erythrocyte-rich thrombi(RBC proportion≥70%),mixed thrombi(RBC proportion 31%-69%),and fibrin-rich thrombi(RBC proportion≤30%).At 90d after stroke onset,the modified Rankin scale(mRS)was used for both outpatient and telephone follow-up.The mRS score 0-2 indicated a good prognosis,3-6 indicated a poor prognosis,and 6 points indicated death.Factors with P＜0.1 in univariate Logistic regression and those factors may influence the prognosis according to clinical experience were included and further analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the 90 d prognostic influencing factors after stroke onset for AIS-LVO patients during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery.Results A total of 102 patients who experienced AIS-LVO during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery(68 males,34females,with mean age of[58±14]years)were enrolled in this study,50 were in the non-surgery group and 52 in the surgery group.(1)Significant differences were observed between the surgical and non-surgical group in hypertension(32.7%[17/52]vs.54.0%[27/50],P=0.030),NIHSS score at stroke onset(12.3[12.3,21.8]vs.35.0[18.0,35.0],P＜0.01),vascular occlusion site(P=0.048),cardiac surgery type(P＜0.01),ASPECTS/pc-ASPECTS(9[8,9]vs.4[3,6],P＜0.01),favorable90-day prognosis rate(75.0%[39/52]vs.10.0%[5/50],P＜0.01)and 90-day mortality rate(7.7%[4/52]vs.68.0%[34/50],P＜0.01).Other clinical and imaging data showed no significant differences(all P＞0.05).In the surgery group,86.5%(45/52),7.7%(4/52),and 5.8%(3/52)patients were attributed to embolism,arterial dissection,and atherosclerotic stenosis,respectively.(2)Univariate Logistic regression analysis identified NIHSS score at stroke onset,TRA,endovascular therapy,and ASPECTS/pc-ASPECTS score as prognostic factors affecting the 90-day prognosis after stroke.Set the patient's 90-day prognosis(assign favorable prognosis as 1 and poor prognosis as 0)as dependent variable,incorporate factors with P＜0.1 in the univariate Logistic analysis and location of vascular occlusion in a multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The results showed that high NIHSS score on stroke onset(OR,0.86,95%CI 0.78-0.95,P=0.002)and non endovascular therapy(OR,6.93,95%CI 1.05-45.55,P=0.044)were independent risk factors of poor prognosis 90-day after stroke onset for AIS-LVO patients during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery.(3)Among 45 cardioembolic patients,thrombus samples from 33 patients were analyzed.The analysis revealed no erythrocyte-rich thrombi,3 mixed thrombi,and 30 fibrin-rich thrombi,with 12having a fibrin proportion exceeding 90%.Conclusion Endovascular therapy improved the prognosis and reduces mortality rate in patients with periprocedural AIS-LVO after cardiac surgery,and thrombi in these patients are predominantly fibrin-rich.

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on severe acute pancreatitis induced acute lung injury （SAP-ALI） by regulating formyl peptide receptors （FPRs）/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammatory pathway. MethodsSixty rats were randomly divided into a sham group， a SAP-ALI model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose XBJ groups （4， 8， and 12 mL·kg^-1）， and a positive drug （BOC2， 0.2 mg·kg^-1） group. For the sham group， the pancreas of rats was only gently flipped after laparotomy， and then the abdomen was closed， while for the remaining five groups， SAP-ALI rat models were established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate （Na-Tc） via the biliopancreatic duct. XBJ and BOC2 were administered via intraperitoneal injection once daily for 3 d prior to modeling and 0.5 h after modeling. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta 6 h after the completion of modeling， and the expression of interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The amount of ascites was measured， and the dry-wet weight ratios of pancreatic and lung tissue were determined. Pancreatic and lung tissue was taken for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe pathological changes and then scored. The protein expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue were detected by the immunohistochemical method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the SAP-ALI model group showed significantly decreased dry-wet weight ratio of lung tissue （P<0.01）， serious pathological changes of lung tissue， a significantly increased pathological score （P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue （P<0.01）. After BOC2 intervention， the above detection indicators were significantly reversed （P<0.01）. After treatment with XBJ， the groups of different XBJ doses achieved results consistent with BOC2 intervention. ConclusionXBJ can effectively improve the inflammatory response of the lungs in SAP-ALI rats and reduce damage. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of FPRs and NLRP3 in lung tissue， which thereby reduces IL-1β and simultaneously antagonize the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α.

Objective:To explore the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and obesity metabolic phenotypes, as well as metabolic features in children and adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted using the random cluster sampling method from March 2023 to May 2024. Children and adolescents aged 9-17 years in Guangzhou were surveyed through questionnaires, physical measurements, and blood tests. According to BMI and metabolic status, participants were classified into normal-weight groups [metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW)] and overweight/obese groups [metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO/O) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO/O)]. After natural log-transformation of SII values (lnSII), multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between SII and obesity metabolic phenotypes, while binary logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between SII and metabolic phenotypes in the overweight/obese subgroup. Linear regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were employed to examine the relationship between SII and metabolic features among the entire population.Results:A total of 3 749 participants were included. After adjusting for covariates, for every unit increase in lnSII, the risk of MHO/O and MUO/O increased by 93% ( OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.56-2.40, P<0.001) and 156% ( OR=2.56, 95% CI: 2.02-3.25, P<0.001), respectively. In the overweight/obesity subgroup, for every unit increase in lnSII, the risk of MUO/O increased by 37% ( OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.01-1.87, P=0.045). Linear regression model and RCS showed that lnSII was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SBP: β=1.39, 95% CI: 0.67-2.11, P<0.001; DBP: β=1.27, 95% CI: 0.79-1.75, P<0.001). lnSII also had a non-linear relationship with triglyceride ( Pnonlinear=0.032) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Pnonlinear=0.002). Conclusion:Elevated SII levels are associated with unfavorable obesity metabolic phenotypes, higher blood pressure, and altered lipid profiles in children and adolescents. SII may be a potential driving factor for metabolic heterogeneity in children and adolescents.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and prognostic influencing factors of endovascular therapy for periprocedural acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion(AIS-LVO)after cardiac surgery,and to analyze the pathological characteristics of thrombi leading to LVO.Methods This study retrospectively and consecutively enrolled patients who experienced AIS-LVO during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery at the Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from June 1,2017,to March 31,2024.The patients were divided into a surgical group and a non-surgical group based on whether they received endovascular treatment.The clinical and imaging data of the patients were collected,including gender,age,hypertension,diabetes,history of smoking,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,cardiac surgical methods(coronary artery bypass grafting,total arch replacement[TRA],cardiac valve replacement,other types of surgery[valve repair,atrial septal repair,ventricular septal repair,heart transplantation]),time from cardiac surgery to AIS onset,location of vascular occlusion(vertebral-basilar artery,right internal carotid artery,left internal carotid artery),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at the onset of stroke,time from stroke onset to puncture,stroke etiology(embolism,arterial dissection,atherosclerotic stenosis),and imaging data including Alberta stroke program early CT score(ASPECTS)of the anterior circulation,ASPECTS of the posterior circulation(pc-ASPECTS)and CT angiography,CT perfusion,etc.The thrombus samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and martius scarlet blue staining.According to the proportion of red blood cells(RBC)in the thrombus,the thrombi were classified as erythrocyte-rich thrombi(RBC proportion≥70%),mixed thrombi(RBC proportion 31%-69%),and fibrin-rich thrombi(RBC proportion≤30%).At 90d after stroke onset,the modified Rankin scale(mRS)was used for both outpatient and telephone follow-up.The mRS score 0-2 indicated a good prognosis,3-6 indicated a poor prognosis,and 6 points indicated death.Factors with P＜0.1 in univariate Logistic regression and those factors may influence the prognosis according to clinical experience were included and further analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the 90 d prognostic influencing factors after stroke onset for AIS-LVO patients during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery.Results A total of 102 patients who experienced AIS-LVO during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery(68 males,34females,with mean age of[58±14]years)were enrolled in this study,50 were in the non-surgery group and 52 in the surgery group.(1)Significant differences were observed between the surgical and non-surgical group in hypertension(32.7%[17/52]vs.54.0%[27/50],P=0.030),NIHSS score at stroke onset(12.3[12.3,21.8]vs.35.0[18.0,35.0],P＜0.01),vascular occlusion site(P=0.048),cardiac surgery type(P＜0.01),ASPECTS/pc-ASPECTS(9[8,9]vs.4[3,6],P＜0.01),favorable90-day prognosis rate(75.0%[39/52]vs.10.0%[5/50],P＜0.01)and 90-day mortality rate(7.7%[4/52]vs.68.0%[34/50],P＜0.01).Other clinical and imaging data showed no significant differences(all P＞0.05).In the surgery group,86.5%(45/52),7.7%(4/52),and 5.8%(3/52)patients were attributed to embolism,arterial dissection,and atherosclerotic stenosis,respectively.(2)Univariate Logistic regression analysis identified NIHSS score at stroke onset,TRA,endovascular therapy,and ASPECTS/pc-ASPECTS score as prognostic factors affecting the 90-day prognosis after stroke.Set the patient's 90-day prognosis(assign favorable prognosis as 1 and poor prognosis as 0)as dependent variable,incorporate factors with P＜0.1 in the univariate Logistic analysis and location of vascular occlusion in a multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The results showed that high NIHSS score on stroke onset(OR,0.86,95%CI 0.78-0.95,P=0.002)and non endovascular therapy(OR,6.93,95%CI 1.05-45.55,P=0.044)were independent risk factors of poor prognosis 90-day after stroke onset for AIS-LVO patients during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery.(3)Among 45 cardioembolic patients,thrombus samples from 33 patients were analyzed.The analysis revealed no erythrocyte-rich thrombi,3 mixed thrombi,and 30 fibrin-rich thrombi,with 12having a fibrin proportion exceeding 90%.Conclusion Endovascular therapy improved the prognosis and reduces mortality rate in patients with periprocedural AIS-LVO after cardiac surgery,and thrombi in these patients are predominantly fibrin-rich.

Objective:To explore the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and obesity metabolic phenotypes, as well as metabolic features in children and adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted using the random cluster sampling method from March 2023 to May 2024. Children and adolescents aged 9-17 years in Guangzhou were surveyed through questionnaires, physical measurements, and blood tests. According to BMI and metabolic status, participants were classified into normal-weight groups [metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW)] and overweight/obese groups [metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO/O) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO/O)]. After natural log-transformation of SII values (lnSII), multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between SII and obesity metabolic phenotypes, while binary logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between SII and metabolic phenotypes in the overweight/obese subgroup. Linear regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were employed to examine the relationship between SII and metabolic features among the entire population.Results:A total of 3 749 participants were included. After adjusting for covariates, for every unit increase in lnSII, the risk of MHO/O and MUO/O increased by 93% ( OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.56-2.40, P<0.001) and 156% ( OR=2.56, 95% CI: 2.02-3.25, P<0.001), respectively. In the overweight/obesity subgroup, for every unit increase in lnSII, the risk of MUO/O increased by 37% ( OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.01-1.87, P=0.045). Linear regression model and RCS showed that lnSII was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SBP: β=1.39, 95% CI: 0.67-2.11, P<0.001; DBP: β=1.27, 95% CI: 0.79-1.75, P<0.001). lnSII also had a non-linear relationship with triglyceride ( Pnonlinear=0.032) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Pnonlinear=0.002). Conclusion:Elevated SII levels are associated with unfavorable obesity metabolic phenotypes, higher blood pressure, and altered lipid profiles in children and adolescents. SII may be a potential driving factor for metabolic heterogeneity in children and adolescents.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of first-episode and recurrent acute hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was con-ducted. The clinical data of 313 patients with HTGP admitted to 26 medical centers in China in the Chinese Acute Pancreatitis Clinical Research Group (CAPCTG)-PERFORM database from November 2020 to December 2021 were collected. There were 219 males and 94 females, aged 38(32,44)years. Of the 313 patients, 193 patients with first-episode HTGP were allocated into the first-episode group and 120 patients with recurrent HTGP were allocated into the recurrent group. Observation indica-tors: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) comparison of severity and prognosis in the course of disease within 14 days between the two groups; (3) the association between recurrent HTGP and the risk of persistent organ failure (POF); (4) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the cumulative recurrence rate curve and Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. The Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis, and continuous variables were converted into categorical variables according to the mean value or common criteria. Propensity score matching was performed by 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method, with caliper value of 0.02. Paired t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test and McNemar′s test were used for comparison between matched groups. Results:(1) Propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of the 313 patients,208 cases were successfully matched, including 104 cases in the first-episode group and 104 cases in the recurrent group. After propensity score matching, there was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, severity of illness scores and laboratory test between the two groups ( P>0.05). The elimination of gender, acute physiology and chornic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score, computed tomography severity index score, systemic inflammatory response syndrome score, sequential organ failure assessment score, apolipoprotein E, C-reactive protein, creatinine, lactic acid dehydrogenase, procal-citonin confounding bias ensured comparability between the two groups. (2) Comparison of severity and prognosis in the course of disease within 14 days between the two groups. There were signifi-cant differences in POF and local complications between the first-episode group and the recurrent group ( P<0.05). (3) The association between recurrent HTGP and the risk of POF. Results of uncor-rected univariate analysis showed that there was no association between recurrent HTGP and the risk of POF ( odds ratio=0.78, 95% confidence interval as 0.46-1.30, P>0.05). Results of multivariate analysis after adjusting for covariates such as gender, age, APACHE Ⅱ score, C-reactive protein, triglyceride and total cholesterol showed that compared with first-episode HTGP, recurrent HTGP was associated with a higher risk of POF ( odds ratio=2.22, 95% confidence interval as 1.05-4.71, P<0.05). Results of subgroup analysis showed that age<40 years was associated with an increased risk of POF ( odds ratio=3.31, 95% confidence interval as 1.09-10.08, P<0.05). (4) Follow-up. Twelve of the 313 patients died during hospitalization, including 9 cases in the first-episode group and 3 cases in the recurrent group. The rest of 301 surviving patients, including 184 cases in the first-episode group and 117 cases in the recurrent group, were followed up for 19.2(15.5, 21.9)months. Results of follow-up showed that for 184 survived patients of the first-episode group, 164 cases were followed up and 24 cases experienced recurrence, for 117 survived patients of the recurrent group,29 cases experienced recurrence, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=4.67, P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with first-episode HTGP, patients with recurrent HTGP are more prone to POF and local complications, and are more prone to recurrence after discharge. The risk of POF in recurrent HTGP patients is 2.22 times that of those with first-episode, and the risk is higher in patients with age <40 years.

Objective To observe the effect of BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe(BOC2)on the expression of six types of mitochondrial N-formyl peptides(NFPs)in blood and two formyl peptide receptors(FPRs)in pancreatic tissue of rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and to explore its mechanism of alleviating inflammatory damage of SAP.Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:the sham group,the SAP model group,the BOC2 low-dose and the BOC2 high-dose group(0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg),with 10 animals in each group.The SAP model was prepared by retrograde injection of 5%sodium taurocholate(50 mg/kg)into biliary and pancreatic ducts in the last 3 groups.BOC2 was intraperitoneally injected at 0.5 hours after SAP modeling,and samples were taken 4 hours after modeling.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in pancreas.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of NFPs in plasma.IHC staining was used to detect the expression of FPRs in pancreatic tissue.ELISA was used to detect interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α levels in plasma.qPCR was used to detect expression levels of inflammatory factors in local pancreatic tissue.Results Compared with the model group,the BOC2 high-dose group and the BOC2 low-dose group showed improvement in pathological phenomena,such as pancreatic bleeding,acinar cell necrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration and edema.The pancreatic injury score,pancreatic FPRs expression,plasma MT-ND1,MT-ND2,MT-ND3,MT-ND5,MT-ND6 expression,as well as expression levels of three inflammatory factors in plasma and local pancreatic tissue,were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusion BOC2 can reduce the production of inflammatory factors and alleviate SAP inflammatory damage by antagonizing mitochondrial NFPs/FPRs signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the structural characteristics of intestinal microflora in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）and the relationship between intestinal microflora and the occurrence as well as development of NAFLD in children.Methods:Fifteen children with NAFLD diagnosed at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as subjects，and 15 healthy children who received routine physical examinations at the outpatient clinic during the same period were randomly selected as healthy control group.The height，weight，waist circumference，blood pressure，blood biochemistry of all children were collected.At the same time，the fresh fecal samples of all children were collected，and the biological information of intestinal flora was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.Results:In the NAFLD group，there were eight males and seven females，with an average age of（11.13±1.77）years.In healthy control group，there were seven males and eight females，with an average age of（9.73±2.25）years.There were no significant differences in sex，age，blood pressure between two groups.Compared with the healthy control group，the levels of body mass index，waist circumference，waist-to-height ratio，alanine aminotransferase，aspartate transaminase，gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase，total bilirubin，direct bilirubin，unconjugated bilirubin，low density lipoprotein cholesterol，uric acid and serum insulin significantly increased and high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased in NAFLD group（ P<0.05）.The results of species diversity analysis showed that chaol index and observed-species index in NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group（ P<0.05）.Species diversity analysis showed that the species with increased abundance in NAFLD group included：Proteobacteria，Gammaproteobacteria，Enterobacteriaceae，Klebsiella，Escherichia-Shigella，Escherichia-Shigella-unclassified.Differential species with increased abundance in the healthy control group included：Bifidobacterium species，Bifidobacterium，Bifidobacteriaceae，Bifidobacteriales，Actinobacteria，Actinobacteriota，Bacteroidia，Bacteroidales，Streptococcus-thermophilus. Conclusion:There are metabolic abnormalities and obvious changes in the structure of intestinal flora in children with NAFLD.Exogenous supplementation of Bifidobacterium，Streptococcus thermophilus and Bacteroides may prevent the occurrence of NAFLD，delay the progression of disease and improve fat deposition in the liver.

OBJECTIVE Based on the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor(TGR5)/nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3(NLRP3) signaling pathway, to explore the mechanism of Huoxue Qingjieling in improving the inflammatory response of rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). METHODS A total of 70 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 20 rats in the control group, 20 rats in the model group, 10 rats in each of the atorvastatin positive drug group, the high-dose and low-dose groups of Huoxue Qingjieling. The control group was given normal feed, and the rest of the groups were given high-fat diet. Through model evaluation, it was determined that the NASH rat model was successfully established at the end of the 20th week. After successful modeling, the control group and the model group were given with normal saline by intragastric administration, the atorvastatin positive drug group, and the high and low dose groups of Huoxue Qingjieling were given corresponding drugs once a day for 4 weeks. At the end of the 24th week, the rats were killed, and the changes of body weight, wet liver weight and liver index was calculated. The serum was taken to test the triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and aspartic acid aminotransferase(AST) levels by automatic biochemical analyzer. Pathological changes of liver tissues were observed by HE staining and oil red O staining. The expression levels of TGR5 and NLRP3 proteins were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA detected the content of interleukin-18(IL-18) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in liver tissue. RESULTS Huoxue Qingjieling could significantly improve the general state of NASH rats. Every dose group could significantly reduce the body weight, liver wet weight and liver index of rats(P<0.01), and TG, TC content and ALT, AST activity levels of serum significantly decreased(P<0.01). The pathological results showed that Huoxue Qingjieling could significantly improve liver steatosis, inflammation and balloon-like. The expression of TGR5 protein was significantly increased(P<0.01), the expression of NLRP3 protein and the content of IL-18, IL-1β were significantly decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Huoxue Qingjieling can significantly improve the state of NASH rats, inhibit liver steatosis and inflammation, and its mechanism may be closely related to the inhibition of TGR5/NLRP3 signaling pathway.