Radiotherapy is a primary modality for thoracic malignant tumor treatment; however, it can also induce damage to normal lung tissue. The pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injury remains unclear and is believed to be primarily associated with DNA damage and inflammatory responses. The existing drugs for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury are limited by issues such as modest efficacy, short half-life, and serious adverse reactions. It is urgent to find new effective prevention and treatment methods. Recently, stem cell-based therapies and traditional Chinese medicine have emerged as promising treatment strategies, offering new hope for patients with radiation-induced lung injury. This review outlines the fundamental aspects of radiation-induced lung injury and discusses potential strategies for its prevention and treatment.

Objective To analyze the clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)characteristics of patients with Fabry disease(FD)and evaluate the application value of CMR in the early diagnosis of cardiac involvement in FD.Methods This retrospective study involved nine patients with FD confirmed by renal biopsy pathology and genetic testing at our hospital between January 2021 and October 2024.Their clinical baseline data,laboratory test reuslts,and CMR images were collected.CMR images were analyzed using CVI42 software to generate functional,morphological,and structural parameters.Results In this study,78％of the patients were male,and a high proportion(67％)had a family history of FD.Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in eight patients(89％),while 33％reported acroparesthesia and 22％exhibited cornea verticillata,a characteristic ocular manifestation of FD.Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in four patients,with one case also showing right ventricular hypertrophy.Late gadolinium enhancement(LGE)was positive in one patient,presenting as intermural enhancement.The mean left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was within the normal range.T1 mapping demonstrated that both global and segmental native T1 values in the left ventricular myocardium were below 1 200 ms.Conclusion Multimodal CMR imaging provides crucial imaging evidence for the diagnosis of FD,with native T1 mapping showing significant clinical potential for disease staging.

Objective To investigate the correlation between skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI)and islet β cell reserve function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 100 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were included in this study.All the patients were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology in the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan between June 2022 and November 2023.They were divided into two groups according to their skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI):patients with T2DM accompanied by sarcopenia(Sar,n=50)group,and patients with simple T2DM(T2DM,n=50)group.Additionally,a control(NC)group consisting of 50 healthy participants was selected.Fasting C-peptide levels,liver and kidney function,blood lipid profiles,and other indicators were assessed in all the individuals.The correlation between ASMI and other indicators was analyzed,and the influencing factors for ASMI and T2DM combined with sarcopenia were analyzed respectively.Results The levels of HbA1c,FPG,and TG were higher,while FC-P and Scr levels were lower in the T2DM group and Sar group compared with the NC group(P<0.05).FPG was higher,while ASMI,FC-P,BMI were lower in the Sar group than in the T2DM group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between ASMI and FPG and HbA1c(P<0.05),whereas a positive correlation was observed with BMI,ALT,Scr,SUA and FC-P(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that BMI,HbA1c and FC-P were influencing factors for ASMI(P<0.05).Furthermore,logistic regression analysis demonstrated that BMI,HbA1c,FC-P were influencing factors for T2DM with sarcopenia(P<0.05).Conclusions The level of ASMI may be related to the reserve function of islet β cells.

Objective Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common complication of radiotherapy for the head and neck tumors, and the current treatment methods are limited. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a non-invasive neural regulation technique, has shown great potential in neuroprotection. However, the parameter selection and biological safety of rTMS in the prevention and treatment of RIBI have not been reported. Methods Using a mouse model of RIBI, this study employed three rTMS frequencies (5, 10, and 25 Hz) for intervention. Biochemical and pathological assays were conducted to identify the optimal stimulation parameter. Subsequently, this parameter was used to evaluate the biological safety in normal mice. Results Under the conditions of this experiment, rTMS interventions with all three frequencies could reduce the levels of serum brain injury markers (NSE and S100B) and inflammatory factors in mice (P < 0.001), and alleviate the morphological and structural damage of hippocampal tissue. The 10 Hz rTMS could significantly promote hippocampal neurogenesis in RIBI mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 10 Hz rTMS showed no significant effects on the cognitive function and mood of normal mice. The intervention did not significantly change the morphology and structure of the main organs, blood biochemical indicators, and the level of hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Conclusion The 10 Hz rTMS is optimal for the prevention and treatment of RIBI with high biological safety.

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) shows a different epidemiological trend compared to later-onset colorectal cancer, with its incidence rising in most regions and countries worldwide. However, the reasons behind this trend remain unclear. The etiology of EOCRC is complex and could involve both genetic and environmental factors. Apart from Lynch syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, sporadic EOCRC exhibits a broad spectrum of pathogenic germline mutations, genetic polymorphisms, methylation changes, and chromosomal instability. Early-life exposures and environmental risk factors, including lifestyle and dietary risk factors, have been found to be associated with EOCRC risk. Meanwhile, specific chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, have been associated with EOCRC. Interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors in EOCRC have also been explored. Here we present findings from a narrative review of epidemiological studies on the assessment of early-life exposures, of EOCRC-specific environmental factors, and their interactions with susceptible loci. We also present results from EOCRC-specific genome-wide association studies that could be used to perform Mendelian randomization analyses to ascertain potential causal links between environmental factors and EOCRC.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics*

Objective To analyze the clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)characteristics of patients with Fabry disease(FD)and evaluate the application value of CMR in the early diagnosis of cardiac involvement in FD.Methods This retrospective study involved nine patients with FD confirmed by renal biopsy pathology and genetic testing at our hospital between January 2021 and October 2024.Their clinical baseline data,laboratory test reuslts,and CMR images were collected.CMR images were analyzed using CVI42 software to generate functional,morphological,and structural parameters.Results In this study,78％of the patients were male,and a high proportion(67％)had a family history of FD.Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in eight patients(89％),while 33％reported acroparesthesia and 22％exhibited cornea verticillata,a characteristic ocular manifestation of FD.Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in four patients,with one case also showing right ventricular hypertrophy.Late gadolinium enhancement(LGE)was positive in one patient,presenting as intermural enhancement.The mean left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was within the normal range.T1 mapping demonstrated that both global and segmental native T1 values in the left ventricular myocardium were below 1 200 ms.Conclusion Multimodal CMR imaging provides crucial imaging evidence for the diagnosis of FD,with native T1 mapping showing significant clinical potential for disease staging.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on the changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the intestines of mice.Methods:C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups (0 Gy, 0.1 Gy, 0.2 Gy, and 0.5 Gy; n=10/group) and subjected to single whole-body irradiation using a 60Co γ-ray source at a dose rate of 13 mGy/min. At 20 weeks post-irradiation, jejunal, ileal, and colonic tissues were collected. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to assess mRNA and protein expression of NADPH oxidase components. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) levels and the expression of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a transcriptional regulator of Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2), were also measured. Results:Compared with the 0 Gy group, mice in the 0.5 Gy group exhibited shortened villus length in the jejunum, villus fusion in the ileum, and increased crypt spacing in the colon, with statistically significant differences ( t=2.48, P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in other dose groups compared to the 0 Gy group ( P > 0.05).The expression of H 2O 2 in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of the 0.1 Gy group was significantly elevated compared to the 0 Gy group ( t=4.12, 3.12, 3.12; P < 0.05). In the 0.5 Gy group, H 2O 2 expression in the jejunum and colon increased nearly twofold relative to the 0 Gy group ( t=8.67, 8.69; P < 0.05).At 20 weeks post-irradiation, DUOX2 protein expression levels in the jejunum, ileum, and colon were markedly higher in irradiated mice than in the 0 Gy group ( t=3.03, 10.29, 2.74; P < 0.05). DUOX2 mRNA levels in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of the 0.1 Gy group were significantly upregulated compared to the 0 Gy group ( t=12.75, 4.12, 11.14; P < 0.05). Additionally, NOX4 mRNA expression increased in the jejunum of the 0.2 Gy group ( t=4.54, P < 0.05) and in the ileum of the 0.1 Gy group ( t=4.13, P < 0.05).The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), a transcriptional regulator of DUOX2, showed an upward trend in expression in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of the 0.1 Gy group compared to the 0 Gy group, with statistically significant differences ( t=8.73, 8.18, 7.02; P < 0.05). Conclusion:Low-dose radiation induces long-term effects on the intestinal tract. Specifically, 0.5 Gy irradiation causes mild morphological alterations in the jejunum, ileum, and colon, while 0.1 Gy irradiation promotes the upregulation of DUOX2, a NADPH oxidase, in intestinal tissues.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on the changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the intestines of mice.Methods:C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups (0 Gy, 0.1 Gy, 0.2 Gy, and 0.5 Gy; n=10/group) and subjected to single whole-body irradiation using a 60Co γ-ray source at a dose rate of 13 mGy/min. At 20 weeks post-irradiation, jejunal, ileal, and colonic tissues were collected. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to assess mRNA and protein expression of NADPH oxidase components. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) levels and the expression of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a transcriptional regulator of Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2), were also measured. Results:Compared with the 0 Gy group, mice in the 0.5 Gy group exhibited shortened villus length in the jejunum, villus fusion in the ileum, and increased crypt spacing in the colon, with statistically significant differences ( t=2.48, P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in other dose groups compared to the 0 Gy group ( P > 0.05).The expression of H 2O 2 in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of the 0.1 Gy group was significantly elevated compared to the 0 Gy group ( t=4.12, 3.12, 3.12; P < 0.05). In the 0.5 Gy group, H 2O 2 expression in the jejunum and colon increased nearly twofold relative to the 0 Gy group ( t=8.67, 8.69; P < 0.05).At 20 weeks post-irradiation, DUOX2 protein expression levels in the jejunum, ileum, and colon were markedly higher in irradiated mice than in the 0 Gy group ( t=3.03, 10.29, 2.74; P < 0.05). DUOX2 mRNA levels in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of the 0.1 Gy group were significantly upregulated compared to the 0 Gy group ( t=12.75, 4.12, 11.14; P < 0.05). Additionally, NOX4 mRNA expression increased in the jejunum of the 0.2 Gy group ( t=4.54, P < 0.05) and in the ileum of the 0.1 Gy group ( t=4.13, P < 0.05).The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), a transcriptional regulator of DUOX2, showed an upward trend in expression in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of the 0.1 Gy group compared to the 0 Gy group, with statistically significant differences ( t=8.73, 8.18, 7.02; P < 0.05). Conclusion:Low-dose radiation induces long-term effects on the intestinal tract. Specifically, 0.5 Gy irradiation causes mild morphological alterations in the jejunum, ileum, and colon, while 0.1 Gy irradiation promotes the upregulation of DUOX2, a NADPH oxidase, in intestinal tissues.

Objective To investigate the correlation between skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI)and islet β cell reserve function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 100 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were included in this study.All the patients were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology in the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan between June 2022 and November 2023.They were divided into two groups according to their skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI):patients with T2DM accompanied by sarcopenia(Sar,n=50)group,and patients with simple T2DM(T2DM,n=50)group.Additionally,a control(NC)group consisting of 50 healthy participants was selected.Fasting C-peptide levels,liver and kidney function,blood lipid profiles,and other indicators were assessed in all the individuals.The correlation between ASMI and other indicators was analyzed,and the influencing factors for ASMI and T2DM combined with sarcopenia were analyzed respectively.Results The levels of HbA1c,FPG,and TG were higher,while FC-P and Scr levels were lower in the T2DM group and Sar group compared with the NC group(P<0.05).FPG was higher,while ASMI,FC-P,BMI were lower in the Sar group than in the T2DM group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between ASMI and FPG and HbA1c(P<0.05),whereas a positive correlation was observed with BMI,ALT,Scr,SUA and FC-P(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that BMI,HbA1c and FC-P were influencing factors for ASMI(P<0.05).Furthermore,logistic regression analysis demonstrated that BMI,HbA1c,FC-P were influencing factors for T2DM with sarcopenia(P<0.05).Conclusions The level of ASMI may be related to the reserve function of islet β cells.

The study explores the thermal dose of experimental animals exposed in electromagnetic field.The simulation environment containing electromagnetic and thermal doses is established based on the bioheat equation and the three-dimensional rat model,and the effects of specific absorption rate,metabolic rate and boundary condition on temperature distribution and variation are assessed.The result shows that the core temperature rises with increasing whole body average specific absorption rate(WBASAR).At WBASAR of 4 W/kg,the midbrain and testes have higher specific absorption rates due to the skin effect,resulting in a more significant temperature rise in organ tissues than in the core;and at WBASAR of 0.4 W/kg,the temperature variation of the shallow organs caused by the sudden changes of metabolic and external environment reaches 1℃,which is much larger than that of the core.The experiment demonstrates target organs such as the head and testicles as critical subjects in thermal dose assessment.The experimental conditions should be regulated to reduce the effects of metabolic rate and boundary condition on thermal dose.The study has guiding significance for bioelectromagnetic experimental design and effect evaluation on thermal dose.