This study aims to understand the epidemic distribution characteristics,antimicrobial resistance,virulence genes,and biofilm adhesion ability of Enterococcus in yaks on the Tibetan plateau.Three hundred and forty-six fresh yak fecal samples and 311 milk samples were collected from four provinces on the Tibetan plateau(Xizang,Sichuan,Gansu,Qinghai),totaling 657 sam-ples.Bacterial isolation and identification were conducted,followed by 16S rDNA gene detection and the construction of a systematic evolutionary tree.The isolated strains were tested for antimi-crobial resistance and virulence genes using PCR,and sensitivity tests were performed using 18 types of antibiotics.The biofilm adhesion ability of the isolated bacteria was determined using an improved semi-quantitative crystal violet staining method.The results showed that the total isola-tion rate of Enterococcus was 32.27％,with Sichuan having the highest at 60.23％,followed by Gansu,Qinghai,and Tibet autonomous region at 42.70％,23.47％,and 18.31％respectively.In terms of sample types,the isolation rate in fecal samples was 36.71％,and in milk samples,it was 27.33％.Through PCR amplification,bands of approximately 1 400 bp were obtained,and 5 strains were selected for evolutionary analysis,forming a separate cluster.Among the 212 isolated strains,a high resistance to clindamycin,quinupristin-dalfopristin,linezolid,levofloxacin,and erythromycin was observed,with various resistance phenomena,accounting for 60.85％.Only 5 out of 12 resist-ant genes were detected,namely erm(B),tet(L),tet(O),tet(M),and ant(6)-Ia.All 13 virulence genes were detected in Enterococcus,with detection rates in the range of 5.19％to 95.76％,where cpd was 95.75％,gelE was 91.98％,efaA was 86.79％,asal was 86.32％,and the rest ranged from 5.19％to 55.66％.The fsr virulence gene was not detected in Enterococcus from milk sources.Among the isolated strains,3.30％showed medium adhesive ability,48.58％showed weak adhesive ability,and 48.11％showed no adhesive ability.The above research revealed the preva-lence of yak derived Enterococcus,the carrying status of resistance and virulence genes,and the correlation between biofilm phenotypes,laying the foundation for mastering research data on yak-derived Enterococcus in the Tibetan plateau.

Objective:To explore the effect of self-compassion-based writing on prosocial behavior in college students with different self-construals.Methods:A total of 182 college students were recruited,and the Self-Con-structional Scales were used to determine the self-construal types(independent or interdependent).Participants were then assigned to either a self-compassion-based writing group(n=91)or a non-self-compassion daily writing group(n=91)and completed writing tasks according to the respective instructions.Prosocial behavior was evaluated with the Prosocial Tendencies Measure(PTM),situational judgment tests,and donation amounts.Results:The evaluation results from the PTM showed that prosocial behavior was significantly higher in individuals with interdependent self-construal compared to those with independent self-construal(P＜0.001),the main effect of the group type was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The evaluation results from situational judgment tests showed that prosocial behavior was significantly higher in individuals with interdependent self-construal compared to those with independ-ent self-construal(P＜0.001),the self-compassion-based writing group demonstrated significantly more prosocial behavior than the non-self-compassion daily writing group(P＜0.05).The evaluation results from donation a-mounts showed that the main effect of self-construal type was not statistically significant(P＞0.05),the self-com-passion-based writing group demonstrated significantly more prosocial behavior than the non-self-compassion daily writing group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Compared to daily writing,self-compassion-based writing could effectively increase prosocial behavior in college students,regardless of their self-construal type.

Objective:To explore potential categories of disease progression fear and self-management ability in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and their influencing factors.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select MHD patients in the Blood Purification Center of the Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and the Affiliated Huaian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2022 to May 2023 as study subjects. General Information Questionnaire, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-short form (FoP-Q-SF), Hemodialysis Self-management Instrument (HDSMI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used to conduct the survey. Mplus 8.7 software was applied to conduct latent profile analysis, and multiple Logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing the disease progression fear and self-management ability of different MHD patients.Results:A total of 380 questionnaires were distributed, and 364 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.79%. The mean scores of FoP-Q-SF and HDSMI in 364 MHD patients were (2.53±0.84) and (2.81±0.54), respectively. MHD patients' fear of disease progression and self-management ability were manifested in three different potential categories, named high fear-general self-management (59.34%, 216/364), moderate fear-low self-management (24.45%, 89/364), and low fear-good self-management (16.21%, 59/364). Multiple Logistic regression showed that age, education level, marital status, comorbidities, duration on dialysis, and social support were influencing factors in the potential categories of fear of disease progression and self-management ability in MHD patients, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should give appropriate interventions to MHD patients with different types of fear of progression and self-management ability in order to reduce patients' fear of disease progression and improve their self-management ability.

Objective:To explore the trajectories of kinesiophobia in initial hemodialysis patients and their influencing factors.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients undergoing their first hemodialysis treatment at Hemodialysis Center, the Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June to December 2023. Baseline data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Dialysis Patient Symptom Burden Index (DFSSBI), the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The TSK was used to measure kinesiophobia levels at 1, 3, and 6 months post-dialysis. Data were analyzed using a latent class growth mixture model, univariate analysis, and multinomial Logistic regression.Results:A total of 251 patients were surveyed, and 239 completed follow-ups. Three latent classes of kinesiophobia trajectories were identified: persistently high kinesiophobia group (32.22%, 77/239), moderate kinesiophobia-declining group (28.45%, 68/239), and persistently low kinesiophobia group (39.33%, 94/239). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, marital status, presence of sleep disorders, history of falls in the past year, symptom burden, fear of disease progression, and fatigue significantly influenced kinesiophobia trajectory classes ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Kinesiophobia in initial hemodialysis patients exhibits distinct trajectories. Healthcare professionals should implement targeted interventions based on the influencing factors of kinesiophobia trajectory development.

Objective:To explore the effect of self-compassion-based writing on prosocial behavior in college students with different self-construals.Methods:A total of 182 college students were recruited,and the Self-Con-structional Scales were used to determine the self-construal types(independent or interdependent).Participants were then assigned to either a self-compassion-based writing group(n=91)or a non-self-compassion daily writing group(n=91)and completed writing tasks according to the respective instructions.Prosocial behavior was evaluated with the Prosocial Tendencies Measure(PTM),situational judgment tests,and donation amounts.Results:The evaluation results from the PTM showed that prosocial behavior was significantly higher in individuals with interdependent self-construal compared to those with independent self-construal(P＜0.001),the main effect of the group type was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The evaluation results from situational judgment tests showed that prosocial behavior was significantly higher in individuals with interdependent self-construal compared to those with independ-ent self-construal(P＜0.001),the self-compassion-based writing group demonstrated significantly more prosocial behavior than the non-self-compassion daily writing group(P＜0.05).The evaluation results from donation a-mounts showed that the main effect of self-construal type was not statistically significant(P＞0.05),the self-com-passion-based writing group demonstrated significantly more prosocial behavior than the non-self-compassion daily writing group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Compared to daily writing,self-compassion-based writing could effectively increase prosocial behavior in college students,regardless of their self-construal type.

This study aims to understand the epidemic distribution characteristics,antimicrobial resistance,virulence genes,and biofilm adhesion ability of Enterococcus in yaks on the Tibetan plateau.Three hundred and forty-six fresh yak fecal samples and 311 milk samples were collected from four provinces on the Tibetan plateau(Xizang,Sichuan,Gansu,Qinghai),totaling 657 sam-ples.Bacterial isolation and identification were conducted,followed by 16S rDNA gene detection and the construction of a systematic evolutionary tree.The isolated strains were tested for antimi-crobial resistance and virulence genes using PCR,and sensitivity tests were performed using 18 types of antibiotics.The biofilm adhesion ability of the isolated bacteria was determined using an improved semi-quantitative crystal violet staining method.The results showed that the total isola-tion rate of Enterococcus was 32.27％,with Sichuan having the highest at 60.23％,followed by Gansu,Qinghai,and Tibet autonomous region at 42.70％,23.47％,and 18.31％respectively.In terms of sample types,the isolation rate in fecal samples was 36.71％,and in milk samples,it was 27.33％.Through PCR amplification,bands of approximately 1 400 bp were obtained,and 5 strains were selected for evolutionary analysis,forming a separate cluster.Among the 212 isolated strains,a high resistance to clindamycin,quinupristin-dalfopristin,linezolid,levofloxacin,and erythromycin was observed,with various resistance phenomena,accounting for 60.85％.Only 5 out of 12 resist-ant genes were detected,namely erm(B),tet(L),tet(O),tet(M),and ant(6)-Ia.All 13 virulence genes were detected in Enterococcus,with detection rates in the range of 5.19％to 95.76％,where cpd was 95.75％,gelE was 91.98％,efaA was 86.79％,asal was 86.32％,and the rest ranged from 5.19％to 55.66％.The fsr virulence gene was not detected in Enterococcus from milk sources.Among the isolated strains,3.30％showed medium adhesive ability,48.58％showed weak adhesive ability,and 48.11％showed no adhesive ability.The above research revealed the preva-lence of yak derived Enterococcus,the carrying status of resistance and virulence genes,and the correlation between biofilm phenotypes,laying the foundation for mastering research data on yak-derived Enterococcus in the Tibetan plateau.

Objective:To explore potential categories of disease progression fear and self-management ability in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and their influencing factors.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select MHD patients in the Blood Purification Center of the Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and the Affiliated Huaian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2022 to May 2023 as study subjects. General Information Questionnaire, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-short form (FoP-Q-SF), Hemodialysis Self-management Instrument (HDSMI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used to conduct the survey. Mplus 8.7 software was applied to conduct latent profile analysis, and multiple Logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing the disease progression fear and self-management ability of different MHD patients.Results:A total of 380 questionnaires were distributed, and 364 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.79%. The mean scores of FoP-Q-SF and HDSMI in 364 MHD patients were (2.53±0.84) and (2.81±0.54), respectively. MHD patients' fear of disease progression and self-management ability were manifested in three different potential categories, named high fear-general self-management (59.34%, 216/364), moderate fear-low self-management (24.45%, 89/364), and low fear-good self-management (16.21%, 59/364). Multiple Logistic regression showed that age, education level, marital status, comorbidities, duration on dialysis, and social support were influencing factors in the potential categories of fear of disease progression and self-management ability in MHD patients, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should give appropriate interventions to MHD patients with different types of fear of progression and self-management ability in order to reduce patients' fear of disease progression and improve their self-management ability.

Objective:To explore the trajectories of kinesiophobia in initial hemodialysis patients and their influencing factors.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients undergoing their first hemodialysis treatment at Hemodialysis Center, the Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June to December 2023. Baseline data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Dialysis Patient Symptom Burden Index (DFSSBI), the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The TSK was used to measure kinesiophobia levels at 1, 3, and 6 months post-dialysis. Data were analyzed using a latent class growth mixture model, univariate analysis, and multinomial Logistic regression.Results:A total of 251 patients were surveyed, and 239 completed follow-ups. Three latent classes of kinesiophobia trajectories were identified: persistently high kinesiophobia group (32.22%, 77/239), moderate kinesiophobia-declining group (28.45%, 68/239), and persistently low kinesiophobia group (39.33%, 94/239). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, marital status, presence of sleep disorders, history of falls in the past year, symptom burden, fear of disease progression, and fatigue significantly influenced kinesiophobia trajectory classes ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Kinesiophobia in initial hemodialysis patients exhibits distinct trajectories. Healthcare professionals should implement targeted interventions based on the influencing factors of kinesiophobia trajectory development.

Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural anti-tumor compound from cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to induce protective autophagy to cancer cells, which might impair the anti-tumor efficiency of SFN. However, the accurate function and mechanism of SFN inducing autophagy in cancers are still obscure, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of malignancies with high incidence in North China. Here, we mainly explored the potential function of autophagy upon SFN treatment in ESCC and molecular mechanism. We demonstrated that SFN could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by activating caspase pathway. Moreover, we found activation of NRF2 pathway by SFN was responsible for the induction of autophagy and also a disadvantage element to the anti-tumor effects of SFN on ESCC, indicating that SFN might induce protective autophagy in ESCC. We, therefore, investigated effects of autophagy inhibition on sensitivity of ESCC cells to SFN and found that chloroquine (CQ) could neutralize the activation of SFN on NRF2 and enhance the activation of SFN on caspase pathway, thus improved the anti-tumor efficiency of SFN on ESCC

Dysregulation of mTORC1/mTORC2 pathway is observed in many cancers and mTORC1 inhibitors have been used clinically in many tumor types; however, the mechanism of mTORC2 in tumorigenesis is still obscure. Here, we mainly explored the potential role of mTORC2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its effects on the sensitivity of cells to mTOR inhibitors. We demonstrated that RICTOR, the key factor of mTORC2, and p-AKT (Ser473) were excessively activated in ESCC and their overexpression is related to lymph node metastasis and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) phase of ESCC patients. Furthermore, we found that mTORC1/ mTORC2 inhibitor PP242 exhibited more efficacious anti-proliferative effect on ESCC cells than mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001 due to RAD001-triggered feedback activation of AKT signal. Another, we demonstrated that down-regulating expression of RICTOR in ECa109 and EC9706 cells inhibited proliferation and migration as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Noteworthy, knocking-down stably RICTOR significantly suppresses RAD001-induced feedback activation of AKT/PRAS40 signaling, and enhances inhibition efficacy of PP242 on the phosphorylation of AKT and PRAS40, thus potentiates the antitumor effect of RAD001 and PP242 both and . Our findings highlight that selective targeting mTORC2 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for future treatment of ESCC.