Objective:To study the effects and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on apoptosis and growth factor of skeletal muscle in rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods:A total of 24 GK rats with blood sugar >16.7 mmol/L, selected from 32 GK rats after 1 week feeding, were divided into model group ( n=8), metformin group ( n=8), and HBO group ( n=8), according to random number table method. The left 8 rats with blood sugar ≤ 16.7 mmol/L were included into control group. The rats in the control group and the model group were irrigated with pure water 5 ml·kg -1·d -1. The rats in the HBO group were given HBO every day on the basis of the treatment of the control group and the model group. After 3 weeks, the rats were executed. The tail blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose. The right gastrocnemius muscle tissues were collected and made into paraffin sections for HE staining. The morphological and structural changes of gastrocnemius muscle in each group were observed under a light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), cytokine, and Caspase-3; and the integrated optical density (IOD) was measured and calculated for comparison. TUNEL method was used to detect gastrocnemius cell apoptosis, and the apoptosis index was calculated. Results:After the rats were executed at 21 d, the 12 h fasting blood glucose of the rats in the model group, the metformin group, and the HBO group were all significantly higher than that of the control group [(7.26±0.78, 6.90±0.74, 6.92±0.95 vs. 4.74±0.53) mmol/L, P<0.05 in each comparison]. The expression of skeletal muscle bFGF in the rats of the control group was the highest, while that of the model group was the lowest. The expressions of skeletal muscle bFGF in the rats of the metformin group and the HBO group were obviously higher than that of the model group, but lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The expressions of skeletal muscle VEGF in the rats of the metformin group and the HBO group were obviously higher than those of the model group and the control group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The expression of skeletal muscle eNOS in the rats of the control group was the highest, while those of the model group, the HBO group, and the metformin group were low. There were no statistical differences among the four groups ( P>0.05). The expressions of skeletal muscle Caspase-3 and the gastrocnemius cell apoptosis indexes of the metformin group and the HBO group were significantly lower than those of the model group, but higher than those of the control group, with statistical difference ( P<0.05) in all comparison. Conclusion:HBO can improve the skeletal muscle structure of the rats with diabetes, improve the expressions of bFGF and VEGF, decrease the expression of Caspase-3, and reduce cell apoptosis; it, therefore, has a certain protective effect on the skeletal muscle in rats with diabetes.

Objective:To study the effects and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on apoptosis and growth factor of skeletal muscle in rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods:A total of 24 GK rats with blood sugar >16.7 mmol/L, selected from 32 GK rats after 1 week feeding, were divided into model group ( n=8), metformin group ( n=8), and HBO group ( n=8), according to random number table method. The left 8 rats with blood sugar ≤ 16.7 mmol/L were included into control group. The rats in the control group and the model group were irrigated with pure water 5 ml·kg -1·d -1. The rats in the HBO group were given HBO every day on the basis of the treatment of the control group and the model group. After 3 weeks, the rats were executed. The tail blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose. The right gastrocnemius muscle tissues were collected and made into paraffin sections for HE staining. The morphological and structural changes of gastrocnemius muscle in each group were observed under a light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), cytokine, and Caspase-3; and the integrated optical density (IOD) was measured and calculated for comparison. TUNEL method was used to detect gastrocnemius cell apoptosis, and the apoptosis index was calculated. Results:After the rats were executed at 21 d, the 12 h fasting blood glucose of the rats in the model group, the metformin group, and the HBO group were all significantly higher than that of the control group [(7.26±0.78, 6.90±0.74, 6.92±0.95 vs. 4.74±0.53) mmol/L, P<0.05 in each comparison]. The expression of skeletal muscle bFGF in the rats of the control group was the highest, while that of the model group was the lowest. The expressions of skeletal muscle bFGF in the rats of the metformin group and the HBO group were obviously higher than that of the model group, but lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The expressions of skeletal muscle VEGF in the rats of the metformin group and the HBO group were obviously higher than those of the model group and the control group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The expression of skeletal muscle eNOS in the rats of the control group was the highest, while those of the model group, the HBO group, and the metformin group were low. There were no statistical differences among the four groups ( P>0.05). The expressions of skeletal muscle Caspase-3 and the gastrocnemius cell apoptosis indexes of the metformin group and the HBO group were significantly lower than those of the model group, but higher than those of the control group, with statistical difference ( P<0.05) in all comparison. Conclusion:HBO can improve the skeletal muscle structure of the rats with diabetes, improve the expressions of bFGF and VEGF, decrease the expression of Caspase-3, and reduce cell apoptosis; it, therefore, has a certain protective effect on the skeletal muscle in rats with diabetes.

Objective To study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO ) preconditioning on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ( IR) rats.Methods The Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion group (n=8), the sham surgical group (n=7) and the HBO preconditioning +MCAO and reperfusion group (n=8).The HBO preconditioning rats were exposed to hyperbaric environment at a pressure of 0.2 MPa with 85％ oxygen concentration , 1 hour a day, for a succession of 7 days.Modified Longa method was used to develop middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) model and reperfusion was performed 2 hours after ischemia .Twenty-fours after termination of reperfusion , the samples were collected to perform TTC staining , and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of HO-1 and ALK.Results HBO preconditioning could significantly reduce the scope of cerebral infarction ( P <0.01).Additionally, the expression levels of HO-1 and ALK in the ischemia and reperfusion group were markedly increased , as compared with those of the sham surgical group , while the expression levels of HO-1 and ALK in the HBO group were considerably decreased , however , the expression level of HO-1 was obviously increased as compared with that of the sham surgical group (P<0.05).Conclusion HBO preconditioning could significantly decrease the down-regulation of HO-1 and ALK in the brain tissue of ischemia and reperfusion rats , which indicated that it might have a protective effect on the brain damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion .

Objective To study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO ) preconditioning on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ( IR) rats.Methods The Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion group (n=8), the sham surgical group (n=7) and the HBO preconditioning +MCAO and reperfusion group (n=8).The HBO preconditioning rats were exposed to hyperbaric environment at a pressure of 0.2 MPa with 85％ oxygen concentration , 1 hour a day, for a succession of 7 days.Modified Longa method was used to develop middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) model and reperfusion was performed 2 hours after ischemia .Twenty-fours after termination of reperfusion , the samples were collected to perform TTC staining , and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of HO-1 and ALK.Results HBO preconditioning could significantly reduce the scope of cerebral infarction ( P <0.01).Additionally, the expression levels of HO-1 and ALK in the ischemia and reperfusion group were markedly increased , as compared with those of the sham surgical group , while the expression levels of HO-1 and ALK in the HBO group were considerably decreased , however , the expression level of HO-1 was obviously increased as compared with that of the sham surgical group (P<0.05).Conclusion HBO preconditioning could significantly decrease the down-regulation of HO-1 and ALK in the brain tissue of ischemia and reperfusion rats , which indicated that it might have a protective effect on the brain damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion .

Background and purpose:As one of the most fatal malignant tumors in China, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer remain high. Early diagnosis and normative treatment is the key to improve the prognosis of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the practice of early lung cancer screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) based on the current situation in community health service, with integration of superior resources of med-ical institutions at all levels in Shanghai.Methods:From Aug. 2013 to Aug. 2014, we screened high-risk population in selected communities of Minhang District, Shanghai, for early diagnosis of lung cancer with low-dose spiral CT combined with multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment models including minimally invasive surgery, exploring the medical service network covering prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up.Results:Screening population is 11 332 (male 7 144, female 4 188); Twenty-nine cases with pathological diagnosis of malignant tumor, including 27 cases of pri-mary lung cancer, 1 case of lung metastasis, 1 case of breast cancer. The morbidity of primary lung cancer is 238.26×10-5. There were 22 cases of Stage 0-Ⅰ lung cancer accounting for 81.48% of all diagnosed primary lung cancer.Conclusion:Based on community health service, screening with low-dose spiral CT could improve the early diagnosis rate of lung can-cer with feasibility and validity, which could be applicable in qualified eligible medical center and community in China.

BACKGROUND:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels (hUC-MSCs) can obviously relieve liver cirrhosis, and thereby repair liver injury. However, the molecular mechanism of hUC-MSCs therapy for liver cirrhosis is limited at present, and especialy the non-coding RNA regulation of hepatic gene changes has not been detailed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the changes of microRNA after hUC-MSCs therapy in rats with liver cirrhosis. METHODS:Liver cirrhosis models were established in rats using carbon tetrachloride subcutaneous injection plus oral administration of alcohol. At 8 weeks after modeling, hUC-MSCs were injectedvia the tail vein once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. At 1 week after the last injection, rat liver tissues were colected for paraffin embedding. Liver RNA was extracted for gene chip analysis. Blood samples were colected and analyzed using an automatic biochemical analyzer to detect the changes of liver function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were improved significantly after hUC-MSCs therapy. Fat lesions and necrosis of hepatocytes were significantly reduced. MicroRNA expression microarray hybridization analysis and PCR results showed that rno-miR-369-5p, rno-miR-3584-5p and rno-miR-153* were down-regulated during modeling and increased after hUC-MSCs therapy. And rno-miR-93, rno-miR-199a-3p, rno-miR-195, rno-let-7a and rno-miR-19a were firstly up-regulated in the process of modeling and then down-regulated obviously after hUC-MSCs therapy. These results suggest that hUC-MSCs may reverse liver cirrhosis and liver cel damage through up-regulation of rno-miR-369-5p, rno-miR-3584-5p and rno-miR-153*, and down-regulation of rno-miR-93, rno-miR-199a-3p, rno-miR-195, rno-let-7a and rno-miR-19a.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the apoptosis and ultrastructure of islet cells in rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods Twenty-four Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with fasting blood glucose of over 16.7 mmol/L were randomly assigned to the 3 groups:the model group,the metformin hydrochloride group,and the HBO group,each consisting of 8 animals.Another 8 healthy male Wistar rats were used as the control group.The control group,the model group and the HBO group were given 5 ml/kg of pure water a day.The metformin hydrochloride group had lavage of 250 mg/kg metformin hydrochloride solution a day,and the HBO group had one session of HBO treatment a day.After 3 weeks,following anesthesia with isoflurane,the pancreas tissue was taken from the rats of all the groups,some of the tissue was made into slides for electron-microscopic observation,and some of them was made into paraffin sections for staining with Hematoxylin-eosin (HE).Apoptosis of islet cells was detected with immunohistochemistry with TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL),and islet cells were labeled with caspase-3 by using immunohistochemistry.Results Electron microscopy revealed that mitochondria in the animals of the model group was markedly swollen with degranulation,and vacuolation.Pathological changes inmitochondria of islet cells for the animals of the HBO group were lighter than those of the model group.Apoptosis of islet cells occurred in all the groups,with the apoptosis index (AI) of the HBO group being (1.57 ± 0.33) ％.IOD for caspase-3 positive cells was 10.22 ± 4.61.On the other hand,AI and IOD for the animals of the model group were (4.88 ± 0.51) ％ and 14.65 ± 4.8 respectively,and statistical significance could be seen,when comparisons were made between the 2 groups(P ＜ 0.05).No statistical significance could be noted,as compared with the data of AI (1.16 ± 0.31)％ and the data of IOD (5.36 ± 2.34) in the control group,and the data of AI(1.72 ± 0.14)％ and the data of IOD (9.37 ± 4.64) in the metformin hydrochloride group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions HBO could protect the mitochondrial membrane,alleviate mitochondrial lesion induced by hyperglycemia,and furthermore could inhibit apoptosis of islet cells in the rats with type 2 diabetes,and the expression of caspase-3 as well.Therefore,it would be beneficial for treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the apoptosis and ultrastructure of islet cells in rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods Twenty-four Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with fasting blood glucose of over 16.7 mmol/L were randomly assigned to the 3 groups:the model group,the metformin hydrochloride group,and the HBO group,each consisting of 8 animals.Another 8 healthy male Wistar rats were used as the control group.The control group,the model group and the HBO group were given 5 ml/kg of pure water a day.The metformin hydrochloride group had lavage of 250 mg/kg metformin hydrochloride solution a day,and the HBO group had one session of HBO treatment a day.After 3 weeks,following anesthesia with isoflurane,the pancreas tissue was taken from the rats of all the groups,some of the tissue was made into slides for electron-microscopic observation,and some of them was made into paraffin sections for staining with Hematoxylin-eosin (HE).Apoptosis of islet cells was detected with immunohistochemistry with TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL),and islet cells were labeled with caspase-3 by using immunohistochemistry.Results Electron microscopy revealed that mitochondria in the animals of the model group was markedly swollen with degranulation,and vacuolation.Pathological changes inmitochondria of islet cells for the animals of the HBO group were lighter than those of the model group.Apoptosis of islet cells occurred in all the groups,with the apoptosis index (AI) of the HBO group being (1.57 ± 0.33) ％.IOD for caspase-3 positive cells was 10.22 ± 4.61.On the other hand,AI and IOD for the animals of the model group were (4.88 ± 0.51) ％ and 14.65 ± 4.8 respectively,and statistical significance could be seen,when comparisons were made between the 2 groups(P ＜ 0.05).No statistical significance could be noted,as compared with the data of AI (1.16 ± 0.31)％ and the data of IOD (5.36 ± 2.34) in the control group,and the data of AI(1.72 ± 0.14)％ and the data of IOD (9.37 ± 4.64) in the metformin hydrochloride group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions HBO could protect the mitochondrial membrane,alleviate mitochondrial lesion induced by hyperglycemia,and furthermore could inhibit apoptosis of islet cells in the rats with type 2 diabetes,and the expression of caspase-3 as well.Therefore,it would be beneficial for treatment of diabetes mellitus.