Congenital tongue dysplasia is rare in clinical practice.This paper reports a case of congenital tongue dysplasia,and analyzes its possible mechanism in detail through literature review,so as to provide a basis for the prevention of this disease in the first trimester.Accord-ing to the current development conditions of the discipline,the author tries to put forward palliative care program suitable for this disease,es-pecially the serial treatment and psychological management of aglossia deformity,in order to improve the life quality of the children with this disease and provide a certain reference for clinical workers.

Objective:To investigate the occurrence and predictors of hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury (TBI) .Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 185 patients with severe TBI in the Emergency Department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from Jan. 2020 to May. 2022, of whom 108 were male and 77 were female; age ranged from 18 to 79 years, mean (51.32±9.34) years. Pituitary function was assessed within 3-7 d after the onset of TBI, and the occurrence of hypopituitarism after severe TBI was counted. 41 cases in the hypopituitarism group, 26 males and 15 females, aged (52.76±9.83) years, were divided into the hypopituitarism group (hypopituitarism occurred) and the non-hypopituitarism group (hypopituitarism did not occur) according to whether hypopituitarism occurred. In the non-decompensated group, there were 144 cases, 82 males and 62 females, aged (50.91±9.27) years. The clinical data of the decompensated and non-decompensated groups were compared, and the factors influencing the occurrence of hypopituitarism were analysed, and a logistic prediction model was constructed based on the relevant influencing factors. The value of this model in predicting the occurrence of hypopituitarism after severe TBI was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The prevalence of hypopituitarism in the 185 patients with severe TBI in this study was 22.16%; the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score on admission was lower in the decompensated group than in the non-decompensated group [ (6.36±1.04) vs (7.48±0.59) ], the percentage of hyperbaric oxygen therapy was lower than in the non-decompensated group (21.95% vs 49.31%) , the percentage of intracranial pressure (82.93% vs 49.31%) , midline displacement ≥5 mm (78.05% vs 29.86%) , skull base fracture (34.15% vs. 17.36%) , diffuse cerebral edema (19.51% vs 4.17%) , and serum brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) . Brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) was higher than that in the non-reduced group [ (6.35±1.29) ng/ml vs (4.51±1.06) ng/ml], and neuronal-specific enolase (NSE) was higher than that in the non-reduced group [ (33.06±5.42) μg/L vs (23.15±4.97) μg/L]. (4.97) μg/L]. Vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) was higher than that in the non-reduced group [ (312.07±24.35) pg/ml vs (226.80±20.96) pg/ml], tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was higher than that in the non-reduced group [ (281.24±38.91) ng/L vs (186.91) pg/ml], and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was higher than that in the non-reduced group (186.55±35.72) ng/L (all P<0.05) . Increased intracranial pressure, midline displacement ≥5 mm, diffuse cerebral edema, serum BDNF, NSE, VEGF, and TNF-α levels were all independent risk factors for the development of hypopituitarism after severe TBI, with admission GCS score and hyperbaric oxygen therapy as protective factors ( P<0.05) ; a logistic prediction model was constructed based on the influencing factors as: Logit ( P) = 5.264-0.880×admission GCS score + 1.618×increased intracranial pressure + 1.941×midline displacement ≥5 mm + 1.289×diffuse cerebral edema+1.306×BDNF+1.426×NSE+1.781×VEGF+1.615×TNF-α-0.758×hyperbaric oxygen therapy; the model predicted the occurrence of severe TBI after the area under the curve (AUC) of hypopituitarism was 0.930 (95% CI 0.883-0.962) , with a predictive sensitivity and specificity of 90.24% and 89.19%, respectively. Conclusions:The incidence of hypopituitarism is higher after severe TBI. Increased intracranial pressure, midline displacement ≥5 mm, diffuse cerebral edema, serum BDNF, NSE, VEGF and TNF-α levels are all used as predictors of hypopituitarism.

In recent years, studies have shown that transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) help neural tissues regenerate and return to normal through paracrine action rather than just replacing cells. Exosomes are essential paracrine mediators that can participate in cell communication through substance transmission. This review focuses on NSCs regulated by exosomes and their application in treatment of nervous system diseases, in order to provide important references for further research and clinical application of NSCs exosomes..

Objective: To understand physical activity status of children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, and to provide reference for the intervention model of physical activity of children and adolescents in minority areas. Methods: A cluster sample of 2 466 Tujia pupils from two primary schools in Lichuan City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province was selected to investigate physical activity status of Tujia pupils. The univariate χ 2 test was used to analyze the physical activity status of Tujia children and adolescents and its influencing factors. Results: The median duration of high intensity activity was 49.9 minutes/day in the last week, and 47.93% of participants met the physical activity standard( χ 2=80.47, P <0.01), the median duration of sitting was 396.1 minutes/day in the last week, and the qualified rate of screen time was 78.99%, and the differences of qualified rate between daystudents and residential students were of statistical differences( χ 2=35.12, P <0.01)). Conclusion The children and adolescents in the Tujia community are lack of physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective intervention measures to pay attention to the children and adolescents physical activity.

BACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerges in China, which spreads rapidly and becomes a public health emergency of international concern. Chinese government has promptly taken quarantine measures to block the transmission of the COVID-19, which may cause deleterious consequences on everyone's behaviors and psychological health. Few studies have examined the associations between behavioral and mental health in different endemic areas. This study aimed to describe screen time (ST), physical activity (PA), and depressive symptoms, as well as their associations among Chinese college students according to different epidemic areas. METHODS: The study design is cross-sectional using online survey, from 4 to 12 February 2020, 14,789 college students accomplished this online study, participants who did not complete the questionnaire were excluded, and finally this study included 11,787 college students from China. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 20.51 ± 1.88 years. 57.1% of the college students were male. In total, 25.9% of college students reported depression symptoms. ST > 4 h/day was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.48, 95%CI 0.37-0.59). COVID-19ST > 1 h/day was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.54, 95%CI 0.43-0.65), compared with COVID-19ST ≤ 0.5 h/day. Compared with PA ≥ 3 day/week, PA < 3 day/week was positively associated with depression symptoms (β = 0.01, 95%CI 0.008-0.012). Compared with low ST and high PA, there was an interaction association between high ST and low PA on depression (β = 0.31, 95%CI 0.26-0.36). Compared with low COVID-19ST and high PA, there was an interaction association between high COVID-19ST and low PA on depression (β = 0.37, 95%CI 0.32-0.43). There were also current residence areas differences. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified that high ST or low PA was positively associated with depressive symptoms independently, and there was also an interactive effect between ST and PA on depressive symptoms.
Adult ; COVID-19/psychology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/etiology* ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data* ; Screen Time ; Students/psychology* ; Time Factors ; Universities ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore the changes in miR-3195, miR-328-5p, and miR-6867-5p expressions levels and their relationships with the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy.Methods:A total of 124 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2018 to August 2020 were selected as research subjects. According to the scores of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) six months after onset, patients with traumatic brain injury were divided into good prognosis group ( n=75) and poor prognosis group ( n=49). The expression levels of MiR-3195, miR-328-5p, and miR-6867-5p before HBO treatment (T1) and after one month of HBO treatment (T2) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Logistic regression were used to assess the efficiencies of these three indicators in evaluating the prognosis of patients given HBO therapy for traumatic brain injury and their relationships with prognosis. Results:The Glasgow coma scale(GCS) scores of the good prognosis group were higher than those of the poor prognosis group, and the time from onset to treatment was shorter than that of the poor prognosis group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-3195 at T1 and T2, miR-328-5p at T2, and miR-6867-5p at T1 and T2 in the good prognosis group were lower than those in the poor prognosis group ( P<0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-3195, miR-328-5p, and miR-6867-5p at T2 were all lower than those at T1 in both groups ( P<0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-6867-5p in both groups were all reduced, yet the reduction in the good prognosis group was greater than that in the poor prognosis group ( P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUC) of miR-3195, miR-328-5p, and miR-6867-5p at T2 were bigger than those at T1, and the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05). GCS was an independent protective factor for the prognosis of traumatic brain injury ( P<0.05), while the time from onset to treatment and the expression levels of miR-3195 and miR-6867-5p at T2 were independent risk factors for the prognosis of traumatic brain injury ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression levels of miR-3195 and miR-6867-5p are highly related to the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury after HBO treatment, while the expression level of miR-328-5p is not related to the prognosis.

Objective:To explore the changes in miR-3195, miR-328-5p, and miR-6867-5p expressions levels and their relationships with the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy.Methods:A total of 124 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2018 to August 2020 were selected as research subjects. According to the scores of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) six months after onset, patients with traumatic brain injury were divided into good prognosis group ( n=75) and poor prognosis group ( n=49). The expression levels of MiR-3195, miR-328-5p, and miR-6867-5p before HBO treatment (T1) and after one month of HBO treatment (T2) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Logistic regression were used to assess the efficiencies of these three indicators in evaluating the prognosis of patients given HBO therapy for traumatic brain injury and their relationships with prognosis. Results:The Glasgow coma scale(GCS) scores of the good prognosis group were higher than those of the poor prognosis group, and the time from onset to treatment was shorter than that of the poor prognosis group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-3195 at T1 and T2, miR-328-5p at T2, and miR-6867-5p at T1 and T2 in the good prognosis group were lower than those in the poor prognosis group ( P<0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-3195, miR-328-5p, and miR-6867-5p at T2 were all lower than those at T1 in both groups ( P<0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-6867-5p in both groups were all reduced, yet the reduction in the good prognosis group was greater than that in the poor prognosis group ( P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUC) of miR-3195, miR-328-5p, and miR-6867-5p at T2 were bigger than those at T1, and the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05). GCS was an independent protective factor for the prognosis of traumatic brain injury ( P<0.05), while the time from onset to treatment and the expression levels of miR-3195 and miR-6867-5p at T2 were independent risk factors for the prognosis of traumatic brain injury ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression levels of miR-3195 and miR-6867-5p are highly related to the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury after HBO treatment, while the expression level of miR-328-5p is not related to the prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the changes in the electrical conduction of ventricular myocardium during hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats with arrhythmia.Methods:Healthy clean-grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 200-300 g, were studied.The hearts were removed and retrogradely perfused with oxygenated K-H solution in a Langendorff apparatus. Sixteen isolated hearts were divided into 2 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: normal control group (group C) and hypothermic I/R group (group I/R). In group C, the heart was perfused with K-H solution at 37 ℃ for 120 min.In group I/R, the heart was perfused with K-H solution at 37 ℃ for 30 min, and then perfusion was stopped, cardiac arrest was induced through injecting Thomas solution (4 ℃), the area around the heart was protected with low temperature (4 ℃) Thomas solution, and hearts were perfused with 4 ℃ Thomas solution at 30 min after cardiac arrest and with 37 ℃ K-H solution for 30 min staring from 60 min after cardiac arrest.The rats in group I/R were further divided into high-risk subgroup (I/R-H subgroup) and low-risk subgroup (I/R-L subgroup). The time of spontaneous recovery of heart beat and development of arrhythmia were recorded.At the end of reperfusion, the atrioventricular conduction 2∶1 block point (2∶1B) and ventricular electrical conduction velocity (CV) were measured and recorded by program-controlled electrical stimulation. Results:Compared with group C, CV and 2∶1B were significantly decreased in IR-L and IR-H subgroups ( P<0.05). Compared with IR-L subgroup, the time for restoration of spontaneous heart beat was significantly prolonged, the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and arrhythmia score were increased, and CV and 2∶1B were decreased in IR-H subgroup ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The electrical CV of ventricular myocardium is decreased during hypothermic I/R, which may be the mechanism of reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmia in rats with arrhythmia.

Objective To explore the applicability of the three commonly used CT examination decision rules in Chinese head injured children. Methods This prospective observational study included 1538 children and adolescents (aged < 18 years), who were treated at the Emergency Department of First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University after head injuries. The three clinical decision rules include the Children's Head Injury Algorithm for the Prediction of Important Clinical Events (CHALICE; UK); the prediction rule for the identification of children at very low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injury, that was developed by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN; USA), and the Canadian Assessment of Tomography for Childhood Head Injury (CATCH) rule. Diagnostic accuracy had been evaluated by using the rule-specific predictor variables to predict each rule-specific outcome measure in populations who met inclusion and exclusion criteria for each rule. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and ROC curve were referred to the diagnostic accuracy. Indicators were characterized by 95％ CI. Results Of the 1538 patients, CTs were obtained for 339 patients (22.04％). Forty-nine patients (3.19％) had positive CT results, 8 patients (0.52％) underwent neurosurgery, 2 patients (0.13％) died, and 1 patient (0.07％) may be missed. In this study, CHALICE was applied for 1394 children (90.70％; 95％ CI: 89.24％-92.15％), PECARN for 801 children (52.11％; 95％ CI: 49.62％-54.61％), and CATCH for 325 patients (21.15％; 95％CI: 19.10％-23.19％). The validation sensitivities of CHALICE, PECARN, and CATCH rules were 92.6％(74.2％-98.7％), 100％ (56.1％-100％), and 85.7％ (42.0％-99.2％), respectively; the specificities were 78.1％(75.7％-80.2％), 48.0％ (44.5％-51.5％) and 70.8％ (65.4％-75.6％); positive predictive value were 7.7％ (5.1％-11.3％), 0.9％ (0.4％-1.9％) and 6.1％ (2.5％-13.2％); and negative predictive value were 99.8％ (99.2％-100％), 99.1％ (98.1％-99.6％), and 99.6％ (97.2％-100％), respectively. Conclusions The clinical decision rules of CHALICE, PECARN and CATCH have high sensitivities. The specificity of PECARN rule is lower than those of CHALICE and CATCH rules. The above three clinical decision rules can be used for the decision of CT examination in Chinese children with head injury in practice.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different analgesics combined with propofol of intravenous anesthesia on postoperative analgesia and emotion in patients of artificial abortion. Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients who had underwent painless artificial abortion were selected. The patients were divided into 4 groups by random digits table method: simple propofol group (C group, 29 cases), fentanyl combined with propofol group (F group, 30 cases), oxycodone combined with propofol group (Q group, 30 cases) and sufentanil combined with propofol group (S group, 33 cases). The induced dose of propofol was 2.5 mg/kg. When patients had limb movement during operation, a single addition of propofol 0.5 mg/kg was added until the body movement disappeared. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and respiratory rate before and after operation were compared among the 4 groups. The emotional status was assessed with affective scale before operation and 1 h after operation. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of abdominal pain at 10, 30 and 60 min after palinesthesia. The propofol dose, operation time, recovery time and adverse reaction were recorded. Results No obvious adverse reactions were found during the operation. There was no statistical difference in operation time among 4 groups (P>0.05). The propofol dose, recovery time, body movement and the VAS score at 10, 30, 60 min after palinesthesia in F group, Q group and S group were significantly lower than those in C group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05);but there were no statistical difference among F group, Q group and S group (P>0.05). The MAP, heart rate and respiratory rate at beginning of the surgery and during the surgery were significantly lower than that before anesthesia in the 4 groups, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05); but there were no statistical differences in MAP, heart rate and respiratory rate among 4 groups (P>0.05). The positive affective score after operation in C group, F group, Q group and S group was significantly higher than that before operation: (24.6 ± 5.6) scores vs. (21.7 ± 6.2) scores, (24.6 ± 3.1) scores vs. (20.6 ± 4.6) scores, (28.3 ± 6.3) scores vs. (20.8 ± 5.3) scores and (25.2 ± 5.4) scores vs. (19.9 ± 4.8) scores, and the negative affective score after operation in C group, F group, Q group and S group was significantly lower than that before operation: (17.0 ± 5.3) scores vs. (29.7 ± 7.4) scores, (17.2 ± 3.0) scores vs. (30.8 ± 5.0) scores, (16.1 ± 5.1) scores vs. (30.4 ± 4.9) scores and (17.9 ± 4.0) scores vs. (32.1 ± 5.5) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The positive affective score after operation in Q group was significantly higher than that in C group, F group and S group, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in negative affective score after operation among 4 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The fentanyl, sufentanil and oxycodone combined with propofol of intravenous anesthesia in patients underwent artificial abortion can reduce propofol dose, shorten recovery time, improve positive affective score, decrease negative affective score and strengthen the analgesic effect, and doesn't increase the adverse reaction. The respiratory and circulatory inhibition effects of different analgesics combined with propofol of intravenous anesthesia were similar, but oxycodone can increase positive affective score.