Purpose: Prostatic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is an exceptionally rare malignancy that often mimics benign prostatic conditions. Its nonspecific symptoms and the frequent absence of abnormalities on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing or digital rectal examination contribute to delayed or incidental diagnosis. This review summarizes the published literature on prostatic MALT lymphoma and integrates an illustrative case from our institution. Materials and Methods: A PubMed literature search was conducted on 29 November 2025 using predefined free-text terms related to prostatic MALT lymphoma. Human studies published in English were included. A total of 24 articles were screened, of which 10 met eligibility criteria. Given the rarity of the condition and heterogeneity across reported cases, a narrative synthesis was performed. One case from Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca was analyzed separately and incorporated into the results. Results: A total of 25 patients were identified. Clinical presentation was dominated by lower urinary tract symptoms, and nearly half of reported PSA values were within the normal range. Histology consistently demonstrated centrocyte-like B-cell infiltrates with variable lymphoepithelial lesions and a characteristic CD20-positive/BCL2-positive immunophenotype. Most patients presented with localized Ann Arbor stage I disease. Local therapies, including transurethral resection of the prostate or radiotherapy, achieved durable complete remissions, whereas systemic chemotherapy was reserved for disseminated disease. The illustrative case showed typical features of localized prostatic MALT lymphoma and achieved complete remission after low-dose radiotherapy, remaining disease-free at 9 months. Conclusion Prostatic MALT lymphoma is an indolent but highly treatable malignancy when recognized early. Awareness of its nonspecific presentation and characteristic histopathologic profile is essential for timely diagnosis. Organ-preserving treatment strategies offer excellent outcomes in localized disease.

Background/Aims: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the first-line therapy for dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Therefore, cryotherapy has emerged as an alternative treatment option. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of these two techniques based on the rates of complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) and dysplasia (CE-D). Adverse events and recurrence have also been reported. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using the Medline (PubMed), Embase, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases until December 2022. Studies were included comparing cryotherapy and RFA for treating dysplastic BE with or without early esophageal neoplasia. This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Three retrospective cohort studies involving 627 patients were included. Of these, 399 patients underwent RFA, and 228 were treated with cryotherapy. There was no difference in CE-IM (risk difference [RD], –0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.25 to 0.19; p=0.78; I2=86%) as well as in CE-D (RD, –0.03; 95% CI, –0.15 to 0.09; p=0.64; I2=70%) between the groups. The absolute number of adverse events was low, and there was no difference in the recurrence rate. Conclusions Cryotherapy and RFA were equally effective in treating dysplastic BE, with or without early esophageal neoplasia.

Background/Aims: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the most commonly used endoscopic treatment for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has emerged as an alternative therapy. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of APC and EBL for the treatment of GAVE. This is the first systematic review that included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed using electronic databases to identify RCTs comparing APC and EBL for the treatment of GAVE following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results: Four RCTs were included, with a total of 204 patients. EBL was related to higher endoscopic eradication rates risk difference [RD], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.14, 0.44]; I2=0%) and less bleeding recurrence than APC (RD, 0.29; 95% CI [0.15, 0.44]; I2=0%). Patients treated with EBL required fewer blood transfusions (mean difference [MD], 1.49; 95% CI [0.28, 2.71]; I2=96%) and hospitalizations (MD, 0.29; 95% CI [0.19, 0.39]; I2=0%). The number of sessions required for the obliteration of lesions was higher with APC. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events. Conclusions EBL is superior to APC in the treatment of GAVE in terms of endoscopic eradication rates, recurrence of bleeding, and transfusion requirements.

Background/Aims: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the most commonly used endoscopic treatment for gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has emerged as an alternative therapy. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of APC and EBL for the treatment of GAVE. This is the first systematic review that included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed using electronic databases to identify RCTs comparing APC and EBL for the treatment of GAVE following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results: Four RCTs were included, with a total of 204 patients. EBL was related to higher endoscopic eradication rates risk difference [RD], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.14, 0.44]; I2=0%) and less bleeding recurrence than APC (RD, 0.29; 95% CI [0.15, 0.44]; I2=0%). Patients treated with EBL required fewer blood transfusions (mean difference [MD], 1.49; 95% CI [0.28, 2.71]; I2=96%) and hospitalizations (MD, 0.29; 95% CI [0.19, 0.39]; I2=0%). The number of sessions required for the obliteration of lesions was higher with APC. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events. Conclusions EBL is superior to APC in the treatment of GAVE in terms of endoscopic eradication rates, recurrence of bleeding, and transfusion requirements.