Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the best evidence for the management of oral intake in stroke patients with dysphagia.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in Chinese and English databases and subject-specific professional websites for clinical decisions, best practices, guidelines, systematic reviews, expert consensuses and evidence summaries on the management of oral intake in stroke patients with dysphagia. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to March 31, 2024. The included literatures were screened, quality-evaluated, and evidence was extracted and summarized.Results:A total of 16 articles were included, including three clinical decisions, four guidelines, four expert consensuses, four evidence summaries and one systematic review. A total of 28 pieces of evidence were summarized from eight aspects, namely, swallowing function screening, nutritional risk screening, feeding management, oral medication management, water drinking management, oral care, aspiration management, and training and education.Conclusions:This study systematically summarizes the best evidence for the management of oral intake in stroke patients with dysphagia, providing scientific guidance and strategic support for the improvement of patients' long-term quality of life.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the best evidence for the management of oral intake in stroke patients with dysphagia.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in Chinese and English databases and subject-specific professional websites for clinical decisions, best practices, guidelines, systematic reviews, expert consensuses and evidence summaries on the management of oral intake in stroke patients with dysphagia. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to March 31, 2024. The included literatures were screened, quality-evaluated, and evidence was extracted and summarized.Results:A total of 16 articles were included, including three clinical decisions, four guidelines, four expert consensuses, four evidence summaries and one systematic review. A total of 28 pieces of evidence were summarized from eight aspects, namely, swallowing function screening, nutritional risk screening, feeding management, oral medication management, water drinking management, oral care, aspiration management, and training and education.Conclusions:This study systematically summarizes the best evidence for the management of oral intake in stroke patients with dysphagia, providing scientific guidance and strategic support for the improvement of patients' long-term quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis in children, which is defined in TCM terms as a syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung.Methods:This was a block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.From January 2022 to September 2023, 359 children aged 3 to 7 years old diagnosed as acute bronchitis (lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome) were enrolled from 21 participating hospitals and randomly assigned to the experimental group and placebo group in a 3︰1 ratio, and respectively treated with Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules and its matching placebo.Cough resolution/general resolution rate after 7 days of treatment was used as the primary efficacy outcome for both groups.Results:(1)On the seventh day of treatment, the rate of cough disappearance/basically disappearance in the experimental group and placebo group were 73.95% and 57.61% retrospectively, which had statistically significance ( P=0.001).(2)After 7 days of treatment, the median duration of cough disappearance/basic disappearance were 5 days and 6 days in the two groups , with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.006).The area under the curve of cough symptom severity time was 7.20 ± 3.79 in the experimental group and 8.20±4.42 in the placebo group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.039).(3) After 7 days of treatment, the difference between TCM syndrome score and baseline was -16.0 (-20.0, -15.0) points in the experimental group and -15.0 (-18.0, -12.0) points in the placebo group, with significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.004).In the experimental group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 49.04%, 28.35%, 16.48% and 6.13% severally; and in the placebo group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 38.04%, 26.09%, 29.35%, and 6.52% separately, which had statistically significant ( P=0.014).(4) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events or adverse reactions during the trial between both groups.Moreover, while adverse reactions in the form of vomiting and diarrhea were occasionally reported, no serious drug-related adverse event or adverse reaction was reported.(5)The tested drug provided good treatment compliance, showing no statistically significant difference from the placebo in terms of compliance rate. Conclusions:Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules provides good safety, efficacy, and treatment compliance in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis, and lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome, in children.

Depression is one of the common and serious complications after stroke. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality. The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke recommend that pharmacological therapy should be administered to patients with PSD. This article reviews the pharmacological therapy for PSD.

Androgen receptor (AR) plays a key regulatory role in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and the level of constitutive active variants represented by androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) is increasing during the progress of CRPC, which can be used as a molecular marker of disease progress and prognosis of patients with CRPC. It is an important target to overcome castration resistance and improve the quality of life and survival of patients. In this paper, the function of AR-V7 and its molecular regulation mechanism in CRPC are reviewed. The research shows that the generation of AR-V7 is related to the structural rearrangement of AR gene, gene amplification and the selective splicing of AR gene transcripts, and it is affected by the coordinated regulation of multiple signal pathway molecules such as TGF-β; AR-V7 changes the transport and nuclear localization mechanism of AR protein, and further affects the transcriptional expression of downstream target genes. AR-V7 antagonizes AR activity and blocks the differentiation process driven by AR and androgen, and inhibits the expression of tumor suppressor genes to stimulate the proliferation of tumor cells, thus promoting the progress of Pca. Related targeting studies have revealed AR-V7 targets and CRPC treatment strategies. Currently, they mainly focus on AR-V7 protein degradation, mRNA expression inhibition and N-terminal domain targeting intervention. With the development of in-depth research, the molecular mechanism of AR-V7 in the progress of Pca will be gradually clarified, which will certainly play a greater role in the prevention and treatment of CRPC.

Objective To evaluate the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for genetic evaluation of fetal ultrasound abnormality. Methods A total of 180 pregnant women with fetal abnormality detected by prenatal ultrasound diagnosis in the first trimester during the period from January 2020 through May 2022 were enrolled as the study subjects. All prenatal fetal screening samples were subjected to G-band karyotyping and CMA. Results G-band karyotyping detected normal karyotypes in 168 samples (93.85%) and abnormal karyotypes in 11 samples (6.15%), and CMA detected 17 positive samples (9.44%) and 163 negative samples (90.56%). The seventeen positive samples included 11 pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) and 6 variants of unknown significance (VOUS), and there were 11 CMA-positive results consistent with G-band karyotyping, and 6 additional pathogenic CNVs mainly included microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. The detection rates of pathogenic CNVs were 11.11%, 2.63%, 2.78%, 4.00%, 0, 0, 11.11% and 0 among the fetuses with abnormal structure of the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system, the nervous system, the digestive system, the cranial and face system, the skeletal system, the urinary system, and other system (χ² =8.188, P = 0.316). All eleven fetuses with pathogenic CNVs detected by CMA were all induced for abortion. Conclusion CMA improves the detection of genetic abnormality among fetuses with ultrasound abnormality in relative to G-band karyotyping, which is feasible for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis among fetuses with ultrasound abnormality

Post-stroke dementia (PSD) includes all types of dementia after stroke, which may be the result of cumulative effects of cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and white matter changes. The incidence and prevalence of PSD are high. Its risk factors are mainly vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes. Other risk factors also include various imaging phenotypes of cerebrovascular disease, such as white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy. The clinical evaluation of PSD should be conducted at least 3-6 months after the onset of stroke. The prevention of PSD should focus on controlling vascular risk factors and preventing stroke.

Objective To compare echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods A total of 137 patients suspected of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were recruited. All patients received three-dimensional echocardiogram followed by cardiac MRI, and the detection rate of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was compared. Results A total of 96 eligible patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were finally enrolledin this study, including 70 males (72.9%) and 26 females (27.1%), with a mean age of 48.2 ± 10.2 years. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by echocardiogram (93.8%) and by cardiac MRI (100%) (χ² = 4.30, P = 0.03). Among the 96 subjects, there was no significant difference in the mean value of maximum left ventricular wall thickness measured by echocardiogram and cardiac MRI (22.1 ± 8.9 vs 22.8 ± 9.2 mm; t = 1.23, P = 0.32). There was a significant difference in the mean thickness of the basal anterolateral free wall in the left ventricle (18.2 ± 7.8 vs 13.9 ± 7.1 mm; t = 9.40, P = 0.0007). Conclusion Cardiac MRI scanning is superior to echocardiogram for diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which may be used as an effective supplement to conventional echocardiogram.

Objective:To summarize the problems of nursing information system application in Special Ward and to explore the solutions.Methods:From January to February 2017, we summarized the problems of nursing information system application in Special Ward and analyzed the causes. From March 2017, we implemented the improvements, such as strengthening nursing training and quality control, working with doctors closely, improving the auditing ability to doctor's advice, double checking for doctor's advice, shift by words and building the ward oral drug registration. We compared the indexes of nursing quality before and after improvement.Results:After improvement, the time of daily computer operation by nurses reduced; the number of problematic doctor's advice found and corrected by nurses increased; the times of medication administration error prevention also increased; the differences were all statistical ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Improvements for nursing information system of Special Ward effectively improve nurses' working efficiency, prevent and reduce the nursing errors.

Foodborne Campylobacter is recognized as the leading causes of the bacterial diarrheal illness in both developing and developed countries. C. jejuni and C. coli caused 95% of the human campylobacterisosis. Bacteria culture has been recognized as the "Gold standard" for the diagnosis of the Campylobacter infection. The National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention coordinated the experienced researchers from China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment and other local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to write up the standards for entitled Isolation and Identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli (T/CPMA 006-2019). The standard is drafted with principles of emphasizing the scientific, normative, applicability and feasible nature. This group standard recommended the procedures and steps for the isolation and identification of C. jejuni and C.coli from variant samples. The standard aims to improve the capacity for Campylobacter identification in China.