Objective Currently, there is no commercially available quantitative detection kit for the main Felis domestic allergen (Fel d 1) in China. To establish a rapid detection method for Fel d 1, this study aims to prepare monoclonal antibodies against Fel d 1 protein. Methods The codon preference of Escherichia coli was utilized to optimize and synthesize the Fel d 1 gene. The prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-28a-Fel d 1 was constructed and used to express and purify the recombinant Fel d 1 protein. Subsequently, the recombinant protein was immunized into BALB/c mice and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared by the hybridoma technique. An indirect ELISA was established using the recombinant Fel d 1 as the coating antigen, and hybridoma cell lines were screened for positive clones. The specificity and antigenic epitopes of the mAbs were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Finally, the selected hybridoma cells were injected into the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c mice for large-scale monoclonal antibody production. Results The recombinant plasmid pET-28a-Fel d 1 was successfully constructed, and soluble Fel d 1 protein was obtained after optimizing the expression conditions. Western blot and antibody titer assays confirmed the successful isolation of two hybridoma cell lines, 7D11 and 5H4, which stably secreted mAbs specific to Fel d 1. Antibody characterization revealed that the 5H4 mAb was of the IgG2a subtype and could recognize the amino acid region 105-163 of Fel d 1, while the 7D11 mAb was the IgG1 subtype and could recognize the amino acid region 1-59. Conclusion The high-purity recombinant Fel d 1 protein produced in this study provides a promising alternative for clinical immunotherapy of cat allergies. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibody prepared in this experiment lays a material foundation for the in-depth study of the biological function of Fel d 1 and the development of ELISA detection.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Cats ; Mice ; Allergens/genetics* ; Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hybridomas/immunology* ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics* ; Female ; Antibody Specificity

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations. Observationally, a history of gallstones without cholecystectomy was associated with a high risk of stomach cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.28), liver and bile duct cancer (aOR=2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.16), kidney cancer (aOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.94), and bladder cancer (aOR=2.23, 95% CI 1.01-5.13) in the general population, as well as cervical cancer (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.56) in women. Moreover, cholecystectomy was associated with high odds of stomach cancer (aOR=2.41, 95% CI 1.29-4.49), colorectal cancer (aOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.18-2.85), and cancer of liver and bile duct (aOR=2.58, 95% CI 1.11-6.02). MR analysis only supported the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer. This study added evidence to the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer, highlighting the importance of cancer screening in individuals with gallstones.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Gallstones/complications* ; Female ; Male ; Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Adult ; Neoplasms/etiology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*

[Objective] To evaluate the feasibility of a novel outpatient infusion model for blinatumomab in two acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, aiming to address challenges of poor treatment tolerance, high healthcare costs, and compromised quality of life, thereby providing clinical insights for broader adoption of this approach. [Methods] Two post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patients undergoing blinatumomab maintenance therapy were selected to evaluate the efficacy of the outpatient infusion model. Patient selection criteria, nursing protocols, standardized workflows, and advancements in infusion practices were systematically analyzed combined with a review of global developments in this field. [Results] Both patients completed outpatient blinatumomab infusion without severe adverse events, demonstrating preliminary feasibility and safety of this model. The novel approach enhanced treatment convenience, reduced hospitalization costs, and improved quality of life. [Conclusion] Despite the limited sample size, this pilot study highlights the potential of outpatient blinatumomab administration as a viable alternative to traditional inpatient regimens.

Objective:To develop and validate clinical predictive models for identifying poor short-term response to recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH) treatment in children with short stature.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 118 children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and two other hospitals between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2024. A poor response to rhGH was defined as a height increase of less than 0.2 standard deviation score(SDS) after 6 months of rhGH treatment. LASSO regression was used to identify predictive variables from baseline and follow-up data. Two logistic regression models were conducted: Model A(incorporating baseline variables only) and model B(incorporating both baseline and follow-up variables), and nomograms were created for visualization. External data and internal resampling were used for dual validation of the models, and their performance was compared.Results:A total of 118 children with short stature were included. Six baseline predictive variables(diagnosis, initial height SDS, bone age, bone age-chronological age difference, rhGH dose, and gender) and one follow-up variable(height SDS after 3 months of rhGH treatment) were identified. Area under the curve values for Model A and Model B were 0.753(95% CI 0.696-0.811) and 0.930(95% CI 0.891-0.975), respectively. Calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and other evaluation metrics demonstrated good discrimination and clinical utility for both models. Model B, incorporating the 3-month follow-up variable, showed superior predictive performance compared to Model A. Conclusions:The clinical prediction models developed in this study(Model A and Model B) are practical and reliable tools for quantitatively, conveniently, and intuitively identifying children with short stature at risk of poor response to rhGH treatment.

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and its microenvironment exhibits immunosuppressive properties. Macrophages and T cells are the main immune cells of glioma, which engage in highly dynamic interactions. Cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-12), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ),and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) determine the direction and intensity of the anti-tumor immune response through finely regulating macrophage polarization and T cell subset differentiation. Co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of T cells are mostly members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF); in addition,co-stimulatory molecules including CD80/CD86, T cell inducible co-stimulatory molecule and its ligand (ICOS /ICOS-L),CD40L/CD40, OX40L/OX40 and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor related protein and its ligand (GITR /GITR-L) are involved in initiating,enhancing or inhibiting T cell activation,and collaboratively shape the overall tumor immune microenvironment. The in-depth understanding of these factors and molecular pathways can help optimize immunotherapeutic strategies for glioma and provide new therapeutic targets.

The endometrial thickness is a crucial indicator for pregnancy success. Thin endometrium is typically related to low clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. Current research indicates that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that recognized as a cytokine and growth factor, which may support the establishment of endometrial receptivity during embryo implantation through promoting angiogenesis, embryo adhesion, and trophoblast invasion, thus increasing the endometrial thickness and clinical pregnancy rate. However, there are still conflicts about the efficacy of G-CSF. Therefore, identifying the pathological mechanism of thin endometrium and how G-CSF promotes endometrial thickness and receptivity has clinical significance. This article will review the progress on clinical research and molecular mechanism of G-CSF in treating thin endometrium.

This article systematically explores the synergistic value of endoscopic evaluation and local resection techniques in diagnosing clinical complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. Endoscopic techniques, including high-definition narrow-band imaging, endoscopic ultrasound, and confocal laser endomicroscopy, significantly improve the detection rate of microscopic residual lesions and provide objective evidence for clinical decision-making through standardized scoring systems. Local resection techniques, serving as both pathological verification and minimally invasive treatment, offer organ preservation opportunities for patients with cCR. The integrated three-step diagnostic pathway of "endoscopic screening-radiological reassessment-local resection confirmation" enhances the specificity of cCR diagnosis while reducing unnecessary radical surgeries. However, standardizing technical implementation, deepening multidisciplinary collaboration, and integrating molecular diagnostics remain critical directions for future development.

The endometrial thickness is a crucial indicator for pregnancy success. Thin endometrium is typically related to low clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. Current research indicates that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that recognized as a cytokine and growth factor, which may support the establishment of endometrial receptivity during embryo implantation through promoting angiogenesis, embryo adhesion, and trophoblast invasion, thus increasing the endometrial thickness and clinical pregnancy rate. However, there are still conflicts about the efficacy of G-CSF. Therefore, identifying the pathological mechanism of thin endometrium and how G-CSF promotes endometrial thickness and receptivity has clinical significance. This article will review the progress on clinical research and molecular mechanism of G-CSF in treating thin endometrium.

This article systematically explores the synergistic value of endoscopic evaluation and local resection techniques in diagnosing clinical complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. Endoscopic techniques, including high-definition narrow-band imaging, endoscopic ultrasound, and confocal laser endomicroscopy, significantly improve the detection rate of microscopic residual lesions and provide objective evidence for clinical decision-making through standardized scoring systems. Local resection techniques, serving as both pathological verification and minimally invasive treatment, offer organ preservation opportunities for patients with cCR. The integrated three-step diagnostic pathway of "endoscopic screening-radiological reassessment-local resection confirmation" enhances the specificity of cCR diagnosis while reducing unnecessary radical surgeries. However, standardizing technical implementation, deepening multidisciplinary collaboration, and integrating molecular diagnostics remain critical directions for future development.