Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections oc-currence and respiratory system prognosis in infantile stage of children patients with bronchopulmonary dys-plasia(BPD).Methods Fifty premature infants with lower respiratory tract infection and BPD treated in this hospital from March 2017 to December 2020 were selected as the BPD group and 50 preterm infants with low-er respiratory tract infection without BPD during the same period were selected as the non-BPD group.The clinical data and occurrence situation of respiratory system diseases within 3 years after birth in the two groups were collected and analyzed.Results Compared with the non-BPD group,the incidence rates of tachy-pnoea(48.0%vs.12.0%),wheeze(44.0%vs.10.0%),wheezing rale(44.0%vs.10.0%),three concave sign(28.0%vs.8.0%),cyanosis(20.0%vs.4.0%),severe pneumonia(48.0%vs.12.0%)and respirato-ry failure(20.0%vs.4.0%)in the BPD group were higher,the hospitalization duration[7.5(7.0,10.0)d vs.7.0(6.0,7.0)d]was longer,the reaching peak time ratio[18.20%(14.65%,22.25%)vs.24.85%(19.55%,32.78%)],the reaching peak volume ratio[22.15%(19.43%,23.83%)vs.25.65%(22.40%,34.90%)]and the inspiratory/expiratory ratio(0.70±0.12 vs.0.76±0.11)were lower,the 3-year total lower respiratory tract infection times[5.0(4.0,10.0)times vs.3.0(2.0,5.0)times],wheeze times[2.0(1.0,4.0)times vs.0.5(0,1.0)times],the hospitalization times[3.00(2.00,5.00)times vs.2.00(1.00,2.00)times],severe pneumonia times[2.0(1.0,2.0)times vs.1.0(0,1.0)times]and wheeze times in differ-ent ages were more,total hospitalization duration[29.50(19.50,38.25)d vs.13.00(7.00,17.75)d]was lon-ger,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The children patients with BPD are prone to lower respiratory tract infections,especially 0-<1 years old,the proportion of severe pneumonia af-ter infection is higher and wheezing is easily to develop.

The research of damp-heat syndrome in modern TCM mainly focuses on inflammatory response, water metabolism, lipid metabolism, hemorheology, intestinal flora and so on. Modern omics techniques such as metabolomics and genomics provide a new perspective for the exploration of the micro-mechanism of damp-heat syndrome. The study found that the abnormal expression of aquaporin is closely related to the formation of "dampness" in damp-heat syndrome, and the release of inflammatory factors reflects the pathological characteristics of "heat". Damp-heat syndrome is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, hemorheological changes and intestinal flora imbalance, showing characteristic changes in urine, blood and saliva metabolomics, and there are differences in gene expression between damp-heat constitution and gentleness constitution. In the future, the pertinence and systematicness of research should be strengthened, the relationship between indicators should be deeply explored, build a biomarker system should be built, the immune-metabolic regulation mechanism should be explored, the multi-target mechanism of heat-clearing and dampness-removing Chinese materia medica should be clarified to further improve the damp-heat syndrome system, and provide theoretical support for clinical treatment.

This is a case report of the diagnosis and treatment of atrial flutter with atrial septal aneurysm in a preterm infant. A male neonate born at 35 +2 weeks was delivered by emergent cesarean section due to fetal tachycardia (230-240 bpm) observed during electronic fetal monitoring. The baby was admitted due to tachycardia, tachypnea, and grunting for 15 min after birth. The electrocardiogram demonstrated atrial flutter with the atrial rate of 440 bpm and the ventricular rate of 220 bpm, and 2∶1 atrioventricular conduction. The echocardiography revealed atrial septal aneurysm, patent ductus arteriosus, and patent foramen ovale. Cedilanid and amiodarone were administered firstly. The sinus rhythm was restored after synchronized electrical cardioversion with 4 J (1.8 J/kg). There was no recurrence of atrial flutter during follow-ups till December 18, 2019, with a corrected gestational age of 41 +4 weeks.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with imported corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing City.Methods:A case-control study was performed to retrospectively analyze 69 cases of imported COVID-19 from abroad and 147 cases of domestic confirmed COVID-19 from China as a control group from January 20 to March 20, 2020 admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University.The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared.Statistical analysis were performed by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results:The main sources of the cases in the import group were from the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and other European countries, with 44.9%(31/69) of the overseas students entering the country by air. The age of the imported group (27(21, 40) years) was lower than the domestic group (43 (32, 59)years), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( U=2 828.500, P<0.01). Compared with the domestic group, the proportion of cases with contact history of confirmed cases in the imported group was lower (30.4%(21/69) vs 68.0%(100/147)), the interval between onset and admission ≤seven days was higher (81.2%(56/69) vs 66.0%(97/147)), the proportion of cases with underlying diseases was lower (21.7%(15/69) vs 44.2%(65/147)). The differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=26.935, 5.233 and 10.175, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of mild cases in the imported group was higher than that in the domestic group (42.0%(29/69) vs 10.9%(16/147)). Seventeen cases with olfactory abnormality and 12 cases with taste abnormality were found in the imported group, while no olfactory and taste abnormality was found in the domestic group. The proportions of fever, weakness, muscle soreness and dyspnea were all lower than those of the domestic group, the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=13.851, 8.118, 9.730 and 16.255, respectively, all P<0.01). The proportions of cases with decreased lymphocyte absolute numbers (37.7%(26/69) vs 67.3%(99/147)) and increased C reactive protein level (15.9%(11/69) vs 51.8%(72/139)) were both lower than the domestic group, and the differences between the two groups were both statistically significant ( χ2=18.015 and 24.722, respectively, both P<0.01). The proportions of cases with ground glass shadow and consolidation of chest computed tomography were lower than those of the domestic group and the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=11.961 and 5.099, respectively, all P<0.05). In terms of complications, the proportions of cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute myocardial injury were lower (2.9%(2/69) vs 10.9%(16/147) and 4.3%(3/69) vs 14.0%(16/114), respectively), and there were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=4.017 and 4.335, respectively, both P<0.05). There were no cases received mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the imported group, and the proportions of patients received oxygen therapy and antibiotic treatment were significantly lower than those in the domestic group (13.0%(9/69) vs 26.5%(39/147) and 13.0%(9/69) vs 39.5%(58/147), respectively) and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( χ2=4.942 and 15.797, respectively, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The majority of imported COVID-19 cases are mainly from European countries, mostly young and middle-aged, and mostly mild and ordinary types.The symptoms of olfactory and taste abnormality are found for the first time.

Objective To develop the Dementia Caregivers' Nursing Ability Scale and test its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the model of Caregiver Skill Building/Effectiveness, the item pool was formulated through literature review and semi-structured interview, the items were selected by experts consultation and the pilot survey of 30 dementia caregivers. Totally 293 dementia caregivers in the hospital and the elderly homes were selected for investigation to test the reliability and validity. Results The Dementia Caregivers' Nursing Ability Scale consisted 5 subscales and 36 items, the exploratory factor analysis identified five principal factors which explained 79.44% of the total variance. The item content validity index ranged from 0.857 to 1, the scale content validity index was 0.985. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.936, the split reliabilit was 0.970, and the test-retest reliability was 0.980. Conclusion Dementia Caregivers' Nursing Ability Scale has good reliability and validity, which can be used as a tool to measure the dementia caregivers' nursing ability.

Objective To evaluate the impact of Montessori-based intervention on eating ability of the elderly with dementia.Methods Sixty-four patients with dementia were randomly divided into intervention group(n=32) and control group(n=32).Patients in intervention group were given Montessori-based intervention,and patients in control group received regular care.The effect of Montessori-based intervention on eating ability,eating difficulty and self-eating time were assessed by the simplified Chinese version of EBS (C-EBS),simplified Chinese version of Edinburgh feeding evaluation in dementia scale (C-EdFED) and stopwatch respectively at pre-intervention,post-intervention,1-month and 3-month follow-up.Results Compared with the control group (EBS:(12.42± 3.59);EdFED:(10.48± 3.83);self-eating time:(15.28±6.04) min)),the average scores of EBS(14.31±2.63) increased and the self-eating time ((21.44±7.17)min) increased after 8 weeks intervention in intervention group,while the average scores of EdFED (7.86±4.16) increased.The C-EBS scores and self-eating time in intervention group were significantly higher than that of control group while the C-EdFED scores were lower than that of control at all time points(P＜0.01).The difference in time effect between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05)Conclusion The Montessori-based intervention can improve the eating ability of elderly people with dementia,reduce eating difficulty and increase self-eating time.

Objective To summarize the clinical data of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and analyze the treatment and prognosis.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 66 cases in Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2011 to December 2017.The children were divided into positive and negative auto-antibody groups according to the results of anti-factor H autoantibody test.The clinical characteristics,treatment plan and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results Among the 66 children who met the inclusion criteria,there were 43 cases (65.2％) in the positive group,with an average onset age of (8.0±2.9) years.There were 23 eases (34.8％) in the negative group,with an average onset age of (3.0± 2.6) years.On the basis of plasma treatment,in the positive group,the usage rate of hormone was 83.3％ (35/42) and the usage rate of immunosuppressive agents was 42.9％(18/42),while in the negative group,the rates were 63.6％(14/22) and 13.6％(3/22) respectively.The average follow-up time was 19.3 months.One child in each group was lost to follow-up.In the positive group,8 cases recurred (19.0％)and the average recurrence interval time was 16.1 months.In the negative group,7 cases recurred (31.8％) and the average recurrence interval time was 9.3 months.And the recurrent interval time in the positive group was more longer than the negative group (P ＜ 0.05).A total of 85.9％(55/64) children had complete hemolysis control and complete recovery of renal function,in which the positive group was 85.7％(36/42) and negative group was 86.4％(19/22).However,7.8％(5/64) children had abnormal renal function,in which the positive group was 9.5％(4/42) and the negative group was 4.5％(1/22).And 4.7％(3/64) children died,in which the positive group was 2.4％(1/42) and the negative group was 9.1％ (2/22).The one left (1.6％) showed dialysis dependence,which was positive for the auto-antibody.Multifactor Cox regression analysis showed that the age of less than 3 years old was the risk factor of poor prognosis (HR=4.651,95％CI 0.988-21.898,P=0.047).Conclusions The positive proportion of anti-factor H autoantibody in children with aHUS is high.The age of these children is older.Individualized therapy based on anti-factor H autoantibody and immunosuppressive therapy is of great significance for disease remission,preventing recurrence and improving the prognosis.Age less than 3 years old is the risk factor for poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) in their acute phase and relate the prognostic factors.Methods Twenty-eight patients with aHUS treated in Department of Nephrology,Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2011 to March 2015 were collected,the outcomes of the treatment were summarized.Results All the patients were given plasma exchange (PE)treatment,21 patients with hemodialysis (HD) treatment;13 patients with H factor (FH) antibody were further treated with corticosteroid therapy,and 1 patient was treated with the combination of mycophenolate mofetil.Evaluation of patients' indices were conducted at month 3.Out of the 28 patients,there were 13 patients with complete remission;of the 14 patients showed improvement,6 patients were complicated with hypertension and 4 patients with renal dysfunction.One patient,with ongoing hemodialysis,did not show restoration of renal function.There was no death in children.Statistical analysis showed that the acute phase serum creatinine levels were (430.0 ± 124.7) μmol/L and (265.6 ± 90.8)μmol/L for the group with remaining kidney injury and the group with complete remission,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜0.01).The levels of FH for the 2 groups were (206.5 ± 134.9) mg/L and(415.4-±214.1) mg/L,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01) as well.Statistical analysis showed that differences were no statistically significant between the 2 groups of patients on their age,platelets,complement C3,complement C4,hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase (all P ＞ 0.05).For the group with positive antibody,its average serum creatinine was (346.4 ± 112.5) μmol/L.For the group with negative antibody,its average serum creatinine was (297.0 ± 89.3) μmol/L.The FH for group with positive antibody and group with negative antibody were (307.4 ±187.3) mg/L and (379.8 ± 203.5) mg/L,respectively.The differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞0.05).Conclusions PE is an effective treatment for aHUS at acute phase,and corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy are effective for patients with positive anti-FH antibody.For patients with severe kidney injury at acute phase,the possibility of long-term kidney damage is high.Low concentration of serum FH indicates a poor prognosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of pediatric sepsis with initial symptoms of autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA) and acute renal failure.Methods Ten cases of pediatric sepsis with initial symptoms of AIHA and acute renal failure were selected from January 2000 to January 2014 in Department of Nephrology,Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and long-time follow-up was taken.Results There were 8 boys and 2 girls of the 10 cases.The ages ranged from 8 months to 12.8 years.There were 8 children less than 6 years old having a prevalence of 80％.There were sudden dark urine and progressive anemia in all the cases,jaundice in 9 cases,abdominal pain and vomiting in 6 cases.Urine volume decreased in 7 cases and anuria in 3 cases.Four cases showed disorder of consciousness and 2 developed shock.Respiratory failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation happened in 1 case respectively.In terms of pathogens,2 cases were infected by mycoplasma and 1 case was infected by hemolytic streptococcus.The rest of the pathogen was unknown.The Coomb's test was 3 +-4 + positive.Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine gradually increased.High level total serum bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin were shown in 8 cases and low level complement in 7 cases.Bone marrow films showed hyperplasia in all the cases.Renal biopsy was taken in 3 cases and no microthrombus was found.Corticosteroid was used in all 10 cases for 6 months.Blood purification was taken in 8 cases.Respiratory support was used in 4 cases.Nine recovered and 1 case gave up treatment.Further follow-up was taken for 2.2-8.1 years.Eight cases had normal urine and blood routine test and renal function.Relapse happened in 1 girl 1 year later.One case lost follow-up.Conclusions Once sudden hemoglobinuria,anemia and progressively decreased urine output occur in sepsis cases,the clinicians should consider AIHA and acute renal failure.Based on active infection control,the early use of steroids and blood purification treatment can improve the prognosis.

Objective To translate the Eating Behavior Scale (EBS) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity. Methods The Chinese Version of the scale (C-EBS) was developed through translation, back-translation, cross-cultural adaption and pre-test. A convenient sample of 100 old people with dementia was investigated with C-EBS to test its reliability and validity. Results The Cronbach′s α, Guttman Spilt and test-retest reliability of C-EBS were 0.842, 0.865 and 0.840, respectively. The I-CVIand S-CVI of C-EBS were 1.00, and the score of C-EBS was negatively correlated to the total score of The Chinese Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scale(C-EdFED) (r = 0.727,P < 0.01). Conclusion The C-EBS is reliable and valid and can be used as a valid tool to measure the eating ability among the old people with dementia in China.