BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia experience low quality of life， and internalized stigma is considered an important indicator for quality of life， while the mediating role of self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms in the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life remains underexplored. ObjectiveTo examine the mediating role of self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms in the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life， so as to provide references for improving their quality of life. MethodsA total of 342 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in 6 hospitals in Xiangyang City， Siping City and Changchun City from April to September 2023 were included， and all of whom met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale （ISMI）， Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale （SQLS）， Self-Esteem Scale （SES） and negative symptom subscale of Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） were administered to all patients. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to determine correlations between the different scales. A structural equation modeling was constructed using Amos 28.0， and Bootstrap method was employed to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and negative symptom severity in the association between internalized stigma and quality of life. ResultsA total of 309 patients （90.35%） completed questionnaires in this study. The ISMI score of schizophrenia patients was positively correlated with both SQLS score and the PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=0.612， 0.492， P<0.01）， while was negatively correlated with SES score （r=-0.513， P<0.01）. The SQLS score was negatively associated with the SES score （r=-0.555， P<0.01） and positively associated with PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=0.672， P<0.01）. The SES score was negatively correlated with PANSS negative symptom subscale score （r=-0.433， P<0.01）.The total effect value of internalized stigma on quality of life was 0.746 （95% CI： 0.680~0.806）. Self-esteem and severity of negative symptoms independently mediated the relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life， and the indirect effect values were 0.151 （95% CI： 0.062~0.254） and 0.126 （95% CI： 0.047~0.205）， accounting for 20.24% and 16.89% of the total effect， respectively. In addition， a chained mediation effect of self-esteem and quality of life was also demonstrated， the indirect effect value was 0.102 （95% CI： 0.049~0.165）， accounting for 13.67% of the total effect）. ConclusionInternalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia patients can not only directly affect the quality of life， but also indirectly affect the quality of life of patients through either separate or chained mediation of self-esteem and the severity of negative symptoms. ［Funded by Hubei Provincial Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project （number， S202410519027）］

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections oc-currence and respiratory system prognosis in infantile stage of children patients with bronchopulmonary dys-plasia(BPD).Methods Fifty premature infants with lower respiratory tract infection and BPD treated in this hospital from March 2017 to December 2020 were selected as the BPD group and 50 preterm infants with low-er respiratory tract infection without BPD during the same period were selected as the non-BPD group.The clinical data and occurrence situation of respiratory system diseases within 3 years after birth in the two groups were collected and analyzed.Results Compared with the non-BPD group,the incidence rates of tachy-pnoea(48.0%vs.12.0%),wheeze(44.0%vs.10.0%),wheezing rale(44.0%vs.10.0%),three concave sign(28.0%vs.8.0%),cyanosis(20.0%vs.4.0%),severe pneumonia(48.0%vs.12.0%)and respirato-ry failure(20.0%vs.4.0%)in the BPD group were higher,the hospitalization duration[7.5(7.0,10.0)d vs.7.0(6.0,7.0)d]was longer,the reaching peak time ratio[18.20%(14.65%,22.25%)vs.24.85%(19.55%,32.78%)],the reaching peak volume ratio[22.15%(19.43%,23.83%)vs.25.65%(22.40%,34.90%)]and the inspiratory/expiratory ratio(0.70±0.12 vs.0.76±0.11)were lower,the 3-year total lower respiratory tract infection times[5.0(4.0,10.0)times vs.3.0(2.0,5.0)times],wheeze times[2.0(1.0,4.0)times vs.0.5(0,1.0)times],the hospitalization times[3.00(2.00,5.00)times vs.2.00(1.00,2.00)times],severe pneumonia times[2.0(1.0,2.0)times vs.1.0(0,1.0)times]and wheeze times in differ-ent ages were more,total hospitalization duration[29.50(19.50,38.25)d vs.13.00(7.00,17.75)d]was lon-ger,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The children patients with BPD are prone to lower respiratory tract infections,especially 0-<1 years old,the proportion of severe pneumonia af-ter infection is higher and wheezing is easily to develop.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to update the latest data on the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in the elderly Chinese population and to assess relationships between new anthropometric indices and HTN. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Basic Public Health Service (BPHS) survey for Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 944,760 people aged 65 years and older were included in this study. Blood pressure was measured by trained investigators. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (COI), body roundness index (BRI), and a body shape index (ABSI) were included in the analysis as anthropometric indices. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association of anthropometric indices with HTN. RESULTS: The prevalence of HTN among elderly residents of Jiangsu Province was 64.7% (95% confidence interval, 64.6 to 64.8). After adjusting for multiple covariates, all anthropometric indices except ABSI showed significant non-linear positive dose-response associations with HTN across sex (pnonlinear<0.001). Among participants with BMI <28 kg/m2, abnormal weight, WC, WtHR, BRI, COI, and ABSI were positively associated with HTN. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HTN in the elderly in Jiangsu Province is gradually increasing. It is necessary to consider the combination of ABSI and COI with BMI for screening elderly individuals for HTN in follow-up prospective studies.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the reasons for conversion and elucidate the safety and efficacy of transition to tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/bictegravir sodium (TAF/FTC/BIC) in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-experienced HIV-infected patients in real-world settings. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. The treatment conversion rationales, safety, and effectiveness in 1684 HIV-infected patients with previous HAART experience who switched to TAF/FTC/BIC were evaluated at Beijing Ditan Hospital from September 2021 to Auguest 2022. RESULTS: Regimen simplification (990/1684, 58.79%) was the most common reason for switching, followed by osteoporosis or osteopenia (375/1684, 22.27%), liver dysfunction (231/1684, 13.72%), decline in tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat (TAF/FTC/EVG/c) with food restriction (215/1684, 12.77%), virological failure (116/1684, 6.89%), and renal dysfunction (90/1684, 5.34%). In patients receiving non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-containing regimens, lipid panel changes 1 year after switching indicated a difference of 3.27 ± 1.10 mmol/L vs . 3.40 ± 1.59 mmol/L in triglyceride ( P  = 0.014), 4.82 ± 0.74 mmol/L vs . 4.88 ± 0.72 mmol/L in total cholesterol ( P  = 0.038), 3.09 ± 0.70 mmol/L vs . 3.18 ± 0.66 mmol/L in low-density lipoprotein ( P  <0.001), and 0.99 ± 0.11 mmol/L vs . 0.95 ± 0.10 mmol/L in high-density lipoprotein ( P  <0.001). Conversely, among patients receiving booster-containing regimens, including TAF/FTC/EVG/c and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), lipid panel changes presented decreased trends. We also observed an improved trend in viral load suppression, and alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and serum creatinine levels after the transition ( P  <0.001). CONCLUSION The transition to TAF/FTC/BIC demonstrated good treatment potency. Furthermore, this study elucidates the motivations behind the adoption of TAF/FTC/BIC in real-world scenarios, providing clinical evidence supporting the stable conversion to TAF/FTC/BIC for HAART-experienced patients.
Humans ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects* ; Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Tenofovir/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Emtricitabine/pharmacology* ; Adenine/therapeutic use* ; Lipids

OBJECTIVE：To improve the level of pharmaceutical care，enhance the professional value and social status of pharmacists by clarifying the development process of pharmaceutical care and summarizing the value of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care. METHODS：The development process of pharmaceutical care at home and abroad（service objects，service contents and service methods）was summarized；the current situation of pharmaceutical care in China was analyzed；the value of pharmaceutical care were defined in respects of rational drug use，humanistic value and medical resources. The development of pharmaceutical care in the future was prospected. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：The development of pharmaceutical care can be divided into three stages：“drug supply as the center”“promoting rational drug use as the center”and“patients as the center”，and the service objects，service contents and service methods in different stages are expanding and diversifying. Compared with developed countries，the overall level of pharmaceutical care in China lags behind，and there are differences in level of pharmaceutical care modes in hospitals at different levels. Pharmacists ensure the safety，effectiveness and economy of drug use through pharmaceutical care，and promote rational drug use；the compliance，quality of life and satisfaction of patients have been improved through pharmaceutical care；pharmacists participate in medical quality management to save medical and health resources through pharmaceutical care. Pharmaceutical care，as an important part of the medical and health system，plays an important and irreplaceable role in the medical process，which is suggested that the relevant government departments should fully understand the value of pharmaceutical care and further strengthen their support for pharmaceutical care；pharmaceutical staff should improve their self-cultivation and cooperate with other disciplines to achieve the sustainable development of hospital pharmacy in different regions and medical institutions.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with imported corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing City.Methods:A case-control study was performed to retrospectively analyze 69 cases of imported COVID-19 from abroad and 147 cases of domestic confirmed COVID-19 from China as a control group from January 20 to March 20, 2020 admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University.The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared.Statistical analysis were performed by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results:The main sources of the cases in the import group were from the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and other European countries, with 44.9%(31/69) of the overseas students entering the country by air. The age of the imported group (27(21, 40) years) was lower than the domestic group (43 (32, 59)years), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( U=2 828.500, P<0.01). Compared with the domestic group, the proportion of cases with contact history of confirmed cases in the imported group was lower (30.4%(21/69) vs 68.0%(100/147)), the interval between onset and admission ≤seven days was higher (81.2%(56/69) vs 66.0%(97/147)), the proportion of cases with underlying diseases was lower (21.7%(15/69) vs 44.2%(65/147)). The differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=26.935, 5.233 and 10.175, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of mild cases in the imported group was higher than that in the domestic group (42.0%(29/69) vs 10.9%(16/147)). Seventeen cases with olfactory abnormality and 12 cases with taste abnormality were found in the imported group, while no olfactory and taste abnormality was found in the domestic group. The proportions of fever, weakness, muscle soreness and dyspnea were all lower than those of the domestic group, the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=13.851, 8.118, 9.730 and 16.255, respectively, all P<0.01). The proportions of cases with decreased lymphocyte absolute numbers (37.7%(26/69) vs 67.3%(99/147)) and increased C reactive protein level (15.9%(11/69) vs 51.8%(72/139)) were both lower than the domestic group, and the differences between the two groups were both statistically significant ( χ2=18.015 and 24.722, respectively, both P<0.01). The proportions of cases with ground glass shadow and consolidation of chest computed tomography were lower than those of the domestic group and the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( χ2=11.961 and 5.099, respectively, all P<0.05). In terms of complications, the proportions of cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute myocardial injury were lower (2.9%(2/69) vs 10.9%(16/147) and 4.3%(3/69) vs 14.0%(16/114), respectively), and there were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=4.017 and 4.335, respectively, both P<0.05). There were no cases received mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the imported group, and the proportions of patients received oxygen therapy and antibiotic treatment were significantly lower than those in the domestic group (13.0%(9/69) vs 26.5%(39/147) and 13.0%(9/69) vs 39.5%(58/147), respectively) and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( χ2=4.942 and 15.797, respectively, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The majority of imported COVID-19 cases are mainly from European countries, mostly young and middle-aged, and mostly mild and ordinary types.The symptoms of olfactory and taste abnormality are found for the first time.

OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate the efficacy an d s afety of apatinib combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization（TACE）in the treatment of moderate and advanced liver cancer ，and to provide evidence-based reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS ：Retrieved from Cochrane Library ，Embase，PubMed，Web of Science ，SinoMed， CNKI，Wanfang，VIP database ，RCTs about apatinib combined with TACE （trial group ）versus TACE （control group ）in the treatment of moderate and advanced liver cancer were collected from inception to Sep. 2019. After screening the literature and extracting the data ，the quality of included literatures was evaluated by using bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0 and the modified Jadad scale. Meta-analysis was carried out by using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS：Totally 16 RCTs were included ，involving 1 043 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed that objective response rate [OR ＝3.10，95％CI（2.38，4.03），P＜0.001]，disease control rate [OR ＝3.56，95％CI（2.62，4.83），P＜0.001] and survival rate [OR ＝2.40，95％ CI（1.86，3.10），P＜0.001]，the incidence of diarrhea [OR ＝2.27，95％ CI（1.21，4.24），P＝0.011]， hypertension [OR ＝6.97，95％ CI（1.21，40.15），P＝0.030]， proteinuria [OR ＝12.44，95％CI（2.51，61.71），P＝0.002] and com hand foot syndrome [OR ＝32.50，95％CI（12.03，87.77），P＝ 0.001] of trial group were significantly higher than those of control group. The serum level of VEGF [SMD ＝－ 3.64， 95％CI（－5.06，－2.22），P＜0.001]，MMP-9 [SMD＝－3.21，95％CI（－4.31，－2.10），P＜0.001]，AFP [SMD ＝－3.54， 95％CI（－7.03，－0.06），P＝0.046] after treatment ，the incidence of myelosuppression [OR ＝0.61，95％CI（0.39，0.97），P＝ 0.035]，fever [OR ＝0.63，95％CI（0.42，0.95），P＝0.027]，nausea and vomiting [OR ＝0.70，95％CI（0.51，0.97），P＝0.030] in trial group were significantly lower than those of control group. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of abdominal pain [OR ＝0.87，95％CI（0.54，1.39），P＝0.547] and skin itching [OR ＝1.63，95％CI（0.36，7.50），P＝0.530] between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS：Apatinib combined with TACE can significantly improve clinical efficacy ，prolong survival time ，reduce tumor recurrence and metastasis. It can reduce the occurrence of related ADR as diarrhea after TACE ，but increase the occurrence of apatinib-related ADR as myelosuppression.

Objective: To determine the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources on glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia. Methods: We recruited participants from the diabetes specialist clinic at the Guanlin hospital in Yixing city, Jiangsu Province from February 2017 to March 2017. A total of 180 subjects were randomly assigned to 3 g/day fish oil (FO), perilla oil (PO), or fish oil mixed with linseed oil (FLO) for 6 months. The basic conditions and fasting venous blood sample were obtained from each study subject at baseline, after 6 months of intervention. Serum glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated. Results: A total of 156 subjects aged (62.6±8.6) years completed the final follow-up after 6 months (FO,54 subjects; PO,52 subjects; FLO,50 subjects). Among them,59 patients (37.8%) were male. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C peptide, insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were not significantly different among the three groups after 6 months. Serum triglyceride decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in FO [1.33 (1.05,1.93) mmol/L, (1.36±0.29) mmol/L, respectively] compared with PO [1.71 (1.23, 2.17) mmol/L, (1.23±0.22) mmol/L, respectively] and FLO [1.51 (1.12, 2.22) mmol/L, (1.29±0.30) mmol/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B decreased in PO [(2.60±0.57) mmol/L,(0.96±0.23) g/L, respectively] compared with FO [(2.89±0.76) mmol/L, (1.07±0.30) g/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Serum lipoprotein(a) decreased in FLO [130.7 (63.3,270.6) mg/L] compared with FO [137.4 (58.7,333.2) mg/L] (P<0.05). Serum free fatty acid decreased in FLO [(0.43±0.15) mmol/L] compared with PO [(0.53±0.22) mmol/L] (P<0.05). Conclusion The effects of ω-3 PUFA from different sources on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia are similar. Each of them has a good application prospect in improving lipid metabolism.

Objective To determine the effects of ω?3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources on glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia. Methods We recruited participants from the diabetes specialist clinic at the Guanlin hospital in Yixing city, Jiangsu Province from February 2017 to March 2017. A total of 180 subjects were randomly assigned to 3 g/day fish oil (FO), perilla oil (PO), or fish oil mixed with linseed oil (FLO) for 6 months. The basic conditions and fasting venous blood sample were obtained from each study subject at baseline, after 6 months of intervention. Serum glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated. Results A total of 156 subjects aged (62.6±8.6) years completed the final follow?up after 6 months (FO,54 subjects; PO,52 subjects; FLO,50 subjects). Among them,59 patients (37.8%) were male. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C peptide, insulin and homeostasis model assessment?insulin resistance were not significantly different among the three groups after 6 months. Serum triglyceride decreased, whereas high?density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in FO [1.33 (1.05,1.93) mmol/ L, (1.36 ± 0.29) mmol/L, respectively] compared with PO [1.71 (1.23, 2.17) mmol/L, (1.23 ± 0.22) mmol/L, respectively] and FLO [1.51 (1.12, 2.22) mmol/L, (1.29 ± 0.30) mmol/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Serum low?density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B decreased in PO [(2.60±0.57) mmol/L,(0.96±0.23) g/L, respectively] compared with FO [(2.89 ± 0.76) mmol/L, (1.07 ± 0.30) g/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Serum lipoprotein(a) decreased in FLO [130.7 (63.3,270.6) mg/L] compared with FO [137.4 (58.7,333.2) mg/L] (P<0.05). Serum free fatty acid decreased in FLO [(0.43±0.15) mmol/L] compared with PO [(0.53±0.22) mmol/L] (P<0.05). Conclusion The effects of ω?3 PUFA from different sources on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia are similar. Each of them has a good application prospect in improving lipid metabolism.

Objective To determine the effects of ω?3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources on glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia. Methods We recruited participants from the diabetes specialist clinic at the Guanlin hospital in Yixing city, Jiangsu Province from February 2017 to March 2017. A total of 180 subjects were randomly assigned to 3 g/day fish oil (FO), perilla oil (PO), or fish oil mixed with linseed oil (FLO) for 6 months. The basic conditions and fasting venous blood sample were obtained from each study subject at baseline, after 6 months of intervention. Serum glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated. Results A total of 156 subjects aged (62.6±8.6) years completed the final follow?up after 6 months (FO,54 subjects; PO,52 subjects; FLO,50 subjects). Among them,59 patients (37.8%) were male. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C peptide, insulin and homeostasis model assessment?insulin resistance were not significantly different among the three groups after 6 months. Serum triglyceride decreased, whereas high?density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in FO [1.33 (1.05,1.93) mmol/ L, (1.36 ± 0.29) mmol/L, respectively] compared with PO [1.71 (1.23, 2.17) mmol/L, (1.23 ± 0.22) mmol/L, respectively] and FLO [1.51 (1.12, 2.22) mmol/L, (1.29 ± 0.30) mmol/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Serum low?density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B decreased in PO [(2.60±0.57) mmol/L,(0.96±0.23) g/L, respectively] compared with FO [(2.89 ± 0.76) mmol/L, (1.07 ± 0.30) g/L, respectively] (P<0.05). Serum lipoprotein(a) decreased in FLO [130.7 (63.3,270.6) mg/L] compared with FO [137.4 (58.7,333.2) mg/L] (P<0.05). Serum free fatty acid decreased in FLO [(0.43±0.15) mmol/L] compared with PO [(0.53±0.22) mmol/L] (P<0.05). Conclusion The effects of ω?3 PUFA from different sources on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia are similar. Each of them has a good application prospect in improving lipid metabolism.