Exosomes, serving as nanoscale molecular signals for intercellular communication, possess the ability to induce odontogenic differentiation and to promote pulp regeneration. Research on their roles in cell differentiation induction has gradually emerged as a research hotspot in the field of regenerative oral medicine. The diversity in cellular sources and pretreatment methods can influence the biological properties and functions of exosomes, while the selection of combined factors and optimization of scaffold delivery strategies further regulate the efficacy of exosomes during differentiation induction. In light of this, the present article aims to comprehensively review and delve into the multi-factorial regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in facilitating odontoblastic differentiation, aiming to provide valuable insights for the development of strategies in oral tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

Exosomes, serving as nanoscale molecular signals for intercellular communication, possess the ability to induce odontogenic differentiation and to promote pulp regeneration. Research on their roles in cell differentiation induction has gradually emerged as a research hotspot in the field of regenerative oral medicine. The diversity in cellular sources and pretreatment methods can influence the biological properties and functions of exosomes, while the selection of combined factors and optimization of scaffold delivery strategies further regulate the efficacy of exosomes during differentiation induction. In light of this, the present article aims to comprehensively review and delve into the multi-factorial regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in facilitating odontoblastic differentiation, aiming to provide valuable insights for the development of strategies in oral tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.