With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide,with distant organ metastasis being the leading cause of mortality.The lungs are a common site of metastasis in breast cancer and are associated with significantly poor prognosis.Although notable progress has been made in therapeutic strategies,efficacy remains markedly limited once pulmonary metastasis develops.Therefore,elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive pulmonary metastasis,characterizing the immune microenvironment,and as-sessing therapeutic responsiveness are critical.Recent advances in multi-omics approaches-including genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenetics-have been widely applied to investigate breast cancer metastasis,offering new insights into the complex mo-lecular networks underlying pulmonary dissemination.This review synthesizes current findings on key genes,proteins,metabolites,and epi-genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in the metastatic cascade from a multi-omics perspective.

Objectives:To investigate the physical growth status of pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and analyze the effects of treatment-related and socioeconomic factors on physical growth.Methods:Based on the specialized thalassemia database from gene therapy clinical research at the Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, we collected data on height and weight development, family economic status, and medical records of 338 pediatric patients with TDT from October 2023 to May 2024. The length/height-for-age and body mass index (BMI) -for-age were classified based on the Growth Standard for Children under 7 Years of Age, Standard for Height Level Classification among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years, and Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of family economic status and disease-related treatment on length/height-for-age and BMI-for-age.Results:Among the 338 patients, 118 were children and 220 were adolescents (192 males and 146 females), with a median age of 12 years (range: 0.8-18) and a median diagnosis duration of 10.3 years (range: 0.5-17.9). Subtypes included α-thalassemia [21 cases (6.2%) ], β-thalassemia [288 cases (85.2%) ], and combined αβ-thalassemia[29 cases (8.6%) ]. The monthly household income of patients was concentrated in 3 000-5 000 yuan (39.9%) and 5 001-10 000 yuan (34.9%), whereas 67.2% of the families had monthly medical expenses of <3 000 yuan. Of the patients, 75.5% received their first transfusion before 1 year of age. The proportions of children and adolescents with pretransfusion hemoglobin (HGB) of ≤70 g/L were 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively. Adolescents demonstrated significantly higher rates of transfusion frequency of <4 weeks/session, monthly red blood cell infusion of >2 U, serum ferritin (SF) of ≥5 000 μg/L, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy compared with children (all P<0.05). Of the 338 patients, 26.0%, 22.8%, and 8.9% demonstrated stunted growth, underweight, and concurrent stunted growth with underweight, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the stunted growth rates between children (22.9%) and adolescents (27.7%) ( P=0.402). However, the underweight rate in adolescents (26.8%) was significantly higher than that in children (15.3%) ( P=0.023). The multivariate analysis determined the following risk factors for stunted growth: monthly household income of <10 000 yuan (5 001-10 000 yuan: OR=5.49, 95% CI: 1.48-35.76; 3 000-5 000 yuan: OR=6.87, 95% CI: 1.88-44.60; <3 000 yuan: OR=9.29, 95% CI: 2.20-64.77), pretransfusion HGB of ≤70 g/L ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.07-10.18), and SF of ≥5 000 μg/L ( OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.20-7.70). Longer diagnostic duration was associated with underweight ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) . Conclusions:Children and adolescents with TDT with pretransfusion SF of ≥5 000 μg/L, HGB of ≤70 g/L, low monthly household income, or longer diagnosis duration were significantly more likely to experience delayed physical growth.

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide,with distant organ metastasis being the leading cause of mortality.The lungs are a common site of metastasis in breast cancer and are associated with significantly poor prognosis.Although notable progress has been made in therapeutic strategies,efficacy remains markedly limited once pulmonary metastasis develops.Therefore,elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive pulmonary metastasis,characterizing the immune microenvironment,and as-sessing therapeutic responsiveness are critical.Recent advances in multi-omics approaches-including genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenetics-have been widely applied to investigate breast cancer metastasis,offering new insights into the complex mo-lecular networks underlying pulmonary dissemination.This review synthesizes current findings on key genes,proteins,metabolites,and epi-genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in the metastatic cascade from a multi-omics perspective.

Objectives:To investigate the physical growth status of pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and analyze the effects of treatment-related and socioeconomic factors on physical growth.Methods:Based on the specialized thalassemia database from gene therapy clinical research at the Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, we collected data on height and weight development, family economic status, and medical records of 338 pediatric patients with TDT from October 2023 to May 2024. The length/height-for-age and body mass index (BMI) -for-age were classified based on the Growth Standard for Children under 7 Years of Age, Standard for Height Level Classification among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years, and Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of family economic status and disease-related treatment on length/height-for-age and BMI-for-age.Results:Among the 338 patients, 118 were children and 220 were adolescents (192 males and 146 females), with a median age of 12 years (range: 0.8-18) and a median diagnosis duration of 10.3 years (range: 0.5-17.9). Subtypes included α-thalassemia [21 cases (6.2%) ], β-thalassemia [288 cases (85.2%) ], and combined αβ-thalassemia[29 cases (8.6%) ]. The monthly household income of patients was concentrated in 3 000-5 000 yuan (39.9%) and 5 001-10 000 yuan (34.9%), whereas 67.2% of the families had monthly medical expenses of <3 000 yuan. Of the patients, 75.5% received their first transfusion before 1 year of age. The proportions of children and adolescents with pretransfusion hemoglobin (HGB) of ≤70 g/L were 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively. Adolescents demonstrated significantly higher rates of transfusion frequency of <4 weeks/session, monthly red blood cell infusion of >2 U, serum ferritin (SF) of ≥5 000 μg/L, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy compared with children (all P<0.05). Of the 338 patients, 26.0%, 22.8%, and 8.9% demonstrated stunted growth, underweight, and concurrent stunted growth with underweight, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the stunted growth rates between children (22.9%) and adolescents (27.7%) ( P=0.402). However, the underweight rate in adolescents (26.8%) was significantly higher than that in children (15.3%) ( P=0.023). The multivariate analysis determined the following risk factors for stunted growth: monthly household income of <10 000 yuan (5 001-10 000 yuan: OR=5.49, 95% CI: 1.48-35.76; 3 000-5 000 yuan: OR=6.87, 95% CI: 1.88-44.60; <3 000 yuan: OR=9.29, 95% CI: 2.20-64.77), pretransfusion HGB of ≤70 g/L ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.07-10.18), and SF of ≥5 000 μg/L ( OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.20-7.70). Longer diagnostic duration was associated with underweight ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) . Conclusions:Children and adolescents with TDT with pretransfusion SF of ≥5 000 μg/L, HGB of ≤70 g/L, low monthly household income, or longer diagnosis duration were significantly more likely to experience delayed physical growth.

Surgical innovation is an important part of surgical research and practice. The evaluation of surgical innovation through the stages is similar to those for drug development, but with important differences. The Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up (IDEAL) Framework and Recommendations represent a new paradigm for the evaluation of surgical intervention and devices which was developed in 2009. The IDEAL is a five-stage framework involving the nature stages of surgical innovation, together with recommendations for surgical research pathway. The Framework and Recommendations were updated and published in 2019, which added a pre-IDEAL stage if necessary. The updated IDEAL also underlines the purpose, key question and ethical issues for each stage. In the first paper of IDEAL Framework and Recommendations series, we conducted a comprehensive introduction of IDEAL (e.g. the development, updates and application of IDEAL) to promote the dissemination and application of IDEAL in China.

Adherence to reporting guidelines contributes to report methodology and outcomes of research distinctly and transparently. There are some checklists with specific study types related to surgery on the EQUATOR Network’s website. However, the IDEAL framework focuses on stepwise evaluation of surgical innovation through all stages with some key elements, which those existing guidelines may not mention. This likely results in the inaccuracy in reporting in studies attempting to follow the IDEAL recommendations and suggests a pressing need for IDEAL reporting guidelines. Considering these limitations, the IDEAL developed the IDEAL reporting guidelines between October 2018 and May 2019. The paper aimed to provide interpretation of IDEAL reporting guideline, and promote its understanding and use among Chinese researchers.

The biological role of N 6-methyladenine (m 6A) methylation modification has been gradually identified, and it has shown increasing value in tumor. In recent years, with the accumulated explore of epigenetics in RNA modification, many studies have reported that m 6A methylation modification contributes to development and progression of lung cancer. m 6A-related modified regulator has potential application value as a clinical target for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Objective:To study the clinical effect and hemorheological changes of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with Tuina therapy on patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA).Methods:One hundred and ten patients with CSA, admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019, were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table, with 55 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Tuina therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, while the observation group was treated with HBO based on the treatment of the control group. The clinical effect, hemorheological changes, cervical vertebral movements, the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and urotensin Ⅱ(UⅡ) in plasma were tested and recorded before and after treatment.Results:After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group (94.55%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (81.82%) ( P<0.05). The peak systolic blood flow velocity and the mean blood flow velocity of vertebrobasilar artery in the observation group after treatment were significantly increased as compared with the control group ( P<0.05). The angles to anterior, posterior, left, and right of cervical vertebral movement of the observation group after treatment were significantly larger than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The levels NPY and UⅡ in plasma of both groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P<0.01), and the levels NPY and UⅡ in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HBO combined with Tuina therapy can improve the curative effect on CSA, by improving cervical vertebral movement and hemorheological characteristics, and lowering the levels of NPY and UⅡ in plasma in CSA patients.

Objective:To study the clinical effect and hemorheological changes of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with Tuina therapy on patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA).Methods:One hundred and ten patients with CSA, admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019, were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table, with 55 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Tuina therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, while the observation group was treated with HBO based on the treatment of the control group. The clinical effect, hemorheological changes, cervical vertebral movements, the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and urotensin Ⅱ(UⅡ) in plasma were tested and recorded before and after treatment.Results:After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group (94.55%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (81.82%) ( P<0.05). The peak systolic blood flow velocity and the mean blood flow velocity of vertebrobasilar artery in the observation group after treatment were significantly increased as compared with the control group ( P<0.05). The angles to anterior, posterior, left, and right of cervical vertebral movement of the observation group after treatment were significantly larger than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The levels NPY and UⅡ in plasma of both groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P<0.01), and the levels NPY and UⅡ in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HBO combined with Tuina therapy can improve the curative effect on CSA, by improving cervical vertebral movement and hemorheological characteristics, and lowering the levels of NPY and UⅡ in plasma in CSA patients.