Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide,with distant organ metastasis being the leading cause of mortality.The lungs are a common site of metastasis in breast cancer and are associated with significantly poor prognosis.Although notable progress has been made in therapeutic strategies,efficacy remains markedly limited once pulmonary metastasis develops.Therefore,elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive pulmonary metastasis,characterizing the immune microenvironment,and as-sessing therapeutic responsiveness are critical.Recent advances in multi-omics approaches-including genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenetics-have been widely applied to investigate breast cancer metastasis,offering new insights into the complex mo-lecular networks underlying pulmonary dissemination.This review synthesizes current findings on key genes,proteins,metabolites,and epi-genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in the metastatic cascade from a multi-omics perspective.

Objectives:To investigate the physical growth status of pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and analyze the effects of treatment-related and socioeconomic factors on physical growth.Methods:Based on the specialized thalassemia database from gene therapy clinical research at the Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, we collected data on height and weight development, family economic status, and medical records of 338 pediatric patients with TDT from October 2023 to May 2024. The length/height-for-age and body mass index (BMI) -for-age were classified based on the Growth Standard for Children under 7 Years of Age, Standard for Height Level Classification among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years, and Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of family economic status and disease-related treatment on length/height-for-age and BMI-for-age.Results:Among the 338 patients, 118 were children and 220 were adolescents (192 males and 146 females), with a median age of 12 years (range: 0.8-18) and a median diagnosis duration of 10.3 years (range: 0.5-17.9). Subtypes included α-thalassemia [21 cases (6.2%) ], β-thalassemia [288 cases (85.2%) ], and combined αβ-thalassemia[29 cases (8.6%) ]. The monthly household income of patients was concentrated in 3 000-5 000 yuan (39.9%) and 5 001-10 000 yuan (34.9%), whereas 67.2% of the families had monthly medical expenses of <3 000 yuan. Of the patients, 75.5% received their first transfusion before 1 year of age. The proportions of children and adolescents with pretransfusion hemoglobin (HGB) of ≤70 g/L were 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively. Adolescents demonstrated significantly higher rates of transfusion frequency of <4 weeks/session, monthly red blood cell infusion of >2 U, serum ferritin (SF) of ≥5 000 μg/L, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy compared with children (all P<0.05). Of the 338 patients, 26.0%, 22.8%, and 8.9% demonstrated stunted growth, underweight, and concurrent stunted growth with underweight, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the stunted growth rates between children (22.9%) and adolescents (27.7%) ( P=0.402). However, the underweight rate in adolescents (26.8%) was significantly higher than that in children (15.3%) ( P=0.023). The multivariate analysis determined the following risk factors for stunted growth: monthly household income of <10 000 yuan (5 001-10 000 yuan: OR=5.49, 95% CI: 1.48-35.76; 3 000-5 000 yuan: OR=6.87, 95% CI: 1.88-44.60; <3 000 yuan: OR=9.29, 95% CI: 2.20-64.77), pretransfusion HGB of ≤70 g/L ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.07-10.18), and SF of ≥5 000 μg/L ( OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.20-7.70). Longer diagnostic duration was associated with underweight ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) . Conclusions:Children and adolescents with TDT with pretransfusion SF of ≥5 000 μg/L, HGB of ≤70 g/L, low monthly household income, or longer diagnosis duration were significantly more likely to experience delayed physical growth.

With the widespread adoption of low-dose CT screening and the extensive application of high-resolution CT, the detection rate of sub-centimeter lung nodules has significantly increased. How to scientifically manage these nodules while avoiding overtreatment and diagnostic delays has become an important clinical issue. Among them, lung nodules with a consolidation tumor ratio less than 0.25, dominated by ground-glass shadows, are particularly worthy of attention. The therapeutic challenge for this group is how to achieve precise and complete resection of nodules during surgery while maximizing the preservation of the patient's lung function. The "watershed topography map" is a new technology based on big data and artificial intelligence algorithms. This method uses Dicom data from conventional dose CT scans, combined with microscopic (22-24 levels) capillary network anatomical watershed features, to generate high-precision simulated natural segmentation planes of lung sub-segments through specific textures and forms. This technology forms fluorescent watershed boundaries on the lung surface, which highly fit the actual lung anatomical structure. By analyzing the adjacent relationship between the nodule and the watershed boundary, real-time, visually accurate positioning of the nodule can be achieved. This innovative technology provides a new solution for the intraoperative positioning and resection of lung nodules. This consensus was led by four major domestic societies, jointly with expert teams in related fields, oriented to clinical practical needs, referring to domestic and foreign guidelines and consensus, and finally formed after multiple rounds of consultation, discussion, and voting. The main content covers the theoretical basis of the "watershed topography map" technology, indications, operation procedures, surgical planning details, and postoperative evaluation standards, aiming to provide scientific guidance and exploration directions for clinical peers who are currently or plan to carry out lung nodule resection using the fluorescent microscope watershed analysis method.

With the widespread adoption of lung cancer screening and growing public awareness, the detection rate of pulmonary nodules has increased substantially, posing new challenges for clinical management. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool across the entire management spectrum of pulmonary nodules. Beyond improving detection sensitivity and consistency in chest radiographs and low-dose CT, AI has demonstrated promising applications in malignancy risk assessment, molecular subtype prediction, preoperative 3D planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative monitoring. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of AI to pulmonary nodule screening, longitudinal evaluation, pathology prediction, multi-omics integration, and perioperative management. It also discusses the technical characteristics, clinical performance, current limitations, and future prospects of various AI models. The continuous development of AI is reshaping the clinical pathway of pulmonary nodules toward more efficient and individualized care.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of lobetyolin's intervention in HepG2 cells abnormal cholesterol metabolism.Methods This study used oleic acid(OA)stimulation of HepG2 cells as a model.MTT assay,oil red O staining,biochemical kit assay,qRT-PCR assay,Western blot assay and NBD labeled cholesterol effection assay were used to study the effect of lobetyolin on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells.Results The results showed that lobetyolin could reduce the content of lipid drops,the levels of triglyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)in HepG2 cells stimulated by OA,increase cholesterol effection rate,and up-regulate cytochrome 7A1(CYP7A1),liver x receptor α(LXRα),ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPARγ)and other mRNA or protein expression levels.However,combined intervention with PPARγ antagonist Mifobate(SR-202)can significantly inhibit the promoting effect of lobetyolin on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells.Conclusion This study revealed that lobetyolin can improve the cholesterol effection rate of HepG2 cells stimulated by OA and promote cholesterol catabolism,and the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of PPARγ/CYP7A1 pathway.

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide,with distant organ metastasis being the leading cause of mortality.The lungs are a common site of metastasis in breast cancer and are associated with significantly poor prognosis.Although notable progress has been made in therapeutic strategies,efficacy remains markedly limited once pulmonary metastasis develops.Therefore,elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive pulmonary metastasis,characterizing the immune microenvironment,and as-sessing therapeutic responsiveness are critical.Recent advances in multi-omics approaches-including genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenetics-have been widely applied to investigate breast cancer metastasis,offering new insights into the complex mo-lecular networks underlying pulmonary dissemination.This review synthesizes current findings on key genes,proteins,metabolites,and epi-genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in the metastatic cascade from a multi-omics perspective.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of lobetyolin's intervention in HepG2 cells abnormal cholesterol metabolism.Methods This study used oleic acid(OA)stimulation of HepG2 cells as a model.MTT assay,oil red O staining,biochemical kit assay,qRT-PCR assay,Western blot assay and NBD labeled cholesterol effection assay were used to study the effect of lobetyolin on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells.Results The results showed that lobetyolin could reduce the content of lipid drops,the levels of triglyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)in HepG2 cells stimulated by OA,increase cholesterol effection rate,and up-regulate cytochrome 7A1(CYP7A1),liver x receptor α(LXRα),ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPARγ)and other mRNA or protein expression levels.However,combined intervention with PPARγ antagonist Mifobate(SR-202)can significantly inhibit the promoting effect of lobetyolin on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells.Conclusion This study revealed that lobetyolin can improve the cholesterol effection rate of HepG2 cells stimulated by OA and promote cholesterol catabolism,and the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of PPARγ/CYP7A1 pathway.

Objectives:To investigate the physical growth status of pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and analyze the effects of treatment-related and socioeconomic factors on physical growth.Methods:Based on the specialized thalassemia database from gene therapy clinical research at the Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, we collected data on height and weight development, family economic status, and medical records of 338 pediatric patients with TDT from October 2023 to May 2024. The length/height-for-age and body mass index (BMI) -for-age were classified based on the Growth Standard for Children under 7 Years of Age, Standard for Height Level Classification among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years, and Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of family economic status and disease-related treatment on length/height-for-age and BMI-for-age.Results:Among the 338 patients, 118 were children and 220 were adolescents (192 males and 146 females), with a median age of 12 years (range: 0.8-18) and a median diagnosis duration of 10.3 years (range: 0.5-17.9). Subtypes included α-thalassemia [21 cases (6.2%) ], β-thalassemia [288 cases (85.2%) ], and combined αβ-thalassemia[29 cases (8.6%) ]. The monthly household income of patients was concentrated in 3 000-5 000 yuan (39.9%) and 5 001-10 000 yuan (34.9%), whereas 67.2% of the families had monthly medical expenses of <3 000 yuan. Of the patients, 75.5% received their first transfusion before 1 year of age. The proportions of children and adolescents with pretransfusion hemoglobin (HGB) of ≤70 g/L were 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively. Adolescents demonstrated significantly higher rates of transfusion frequency of <4 weeks/session, monthly red blood cell infusion of >2 U, serum ferritin (SF) of ≥5 000 μg/L, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy compared with children (all P<0.05). Of the 338 patients, 26.0%, 22.8%, and 8.9% demonstrated stunted growth, underweight, and concurrent stunted growth with underweight, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the stunted growth rates between children (22.9%) and adolescents (27.7%) ( P=0.402). However, the underweight rate in adolescents (26.8%) was significantly higher than that in children (15.3%) ( P=0.023). The multivariate analysis determined the following risk factors for stunted growth: monthly household income of <10 000 yuan (5 001-10 000 yuan: OR=5.49, 95% CI: 1.48-35.76; 3 000-5 000 yuan: OR=6.87, 95% CI: 1.88-44.60; <3 000 yuan: OR=9.29, 95% CI: 2.20-64.77), pretransfusion HGB of ≤70 g/L ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.07-10.18), and SF of ≥5 000 μg/L ( OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.20-7.70). Longer diagnostic duration was associated with underweight ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) . Conclusions:Children and adolescents with TDT with pretransfusion SF of ≥5 000 μg/L, HGB of ≤70 g/L, low monthly household income, or longer diagnosis duration were significantly more likely to experience delayed physical growth.

Objective     To identify the potential factors for psychological burdens and to better understand how the patients’ psychological status affect their treatment preferences. Methods     A questionnaire survey was conducted among 996 patients with pulmonary nodules who visited the Thoracic Surgery Clinic of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January to November 2021, including 381 males and 615 females, aged 47.26±11.53 years. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the psychological status of the patients, with a score>7 points of each subscale indicating potential anxiety or depression. Results     Among the 996 patients with pulmonary nodules, the incidence of anxiety was 42.4% and the incidence of depression was 26.4%, while the incidence of both anxiety and depression was 24.7%. There was a significant correlation between anxiety and depression (ρ=0.834, P<0.05). Age, purpose of CT examination, number of pulmonary nodules and symptoms were independent factors for anxiety, while symptoms and number of pulmonary nodules were independent factors for depression (P<0.05). For treatment preferences, there was a statistical difference in educational level, symptoms, nodule size and anxiety level (P<0.05). Conclusion     Anxiety and depression are common in patients with pulmonary nodules. Symptoms are associated with anxiety and depression, which also make an impact on treatment preferences.

Objective     To explore the timing and safety of limited-period lung cancer surgery in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods     Clinical data of of patients infected with COVID-19 undergoing lung cancer surgery (an observation group) in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, the Department of Thoracic Surgery of General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, and the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from December 2022 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with patients who underwent surgery during the same period but were not infected with COVID-19 (a control group), to explore the impact of COVID-19 infection on lung cancer surgery. Results     We finally included 110 patients with 73 patients in the observation group (28 males and 45 females at age of 52.62±12.80 years) and 37 patients in the control group (22 males and 15 females at age of 56.84±11.14 years). The average operation time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group, and the incidence of anhelation was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistcal differences in blood loss, length of hospital stay, moderate or above fever rate, degree of cough and chest pain, or blood routine between the two groups. Conclusion    It is safe and feasible to perform lung cancer surgery early after recovery for COVID-19 patients with lung cancer.