Objective To explore the efficacy of ganoderma lucidum preparation(Ling Zhi) in treating APP/PS-1 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods APP/PS-1 transgenic mice of 4 months were randomly divided into model group,ganoderma lucidum treatment groups,including high [2250 mg/(kg·d)] and middle [750 mg/(kg·d)] dose groups,i.e.LZ-H and LZ-M groups,and the positive control group(treated with donepezil hydrochloride [2 mg/(kg·d)]).In addition,C57BL/6J wild mice were selected as normal group.The animals were administered for 4 months.Histopathological examinations including hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining,immunohistochemistry,special staining,and electron microscopy were applied,and then the pathological morphology and structures in different groups were compared. Results The senile plaques and neurofibrillar tangles in the cerebrum and cerebellum were dissolved or disappeared in LZ-H and LZ-M groups.Decrease of amyloid angiopathy was found in LZ-H and LZ-M groups.The immature neurons appeared more in hippocampus and dentate nucleus of LZ-H and LZ-M groups than those in AD model and donepezil hydrochloride groups(hippcampus:F=1.738,P=0.016;dentate nucleus:F=1.924,P=0.026),and these immature neurons differentiated to be neurons.More Purkinje cells loss occurred in AD model mice than that in LZ-H and LZ-M groups(F=9.46,P=0.007;F=9.46,P=0.010).The LZ-H and LZ-M groups had more new neuron stem cells grown up in cerebellum.Electromicroscopic examination showed the hippocampal neurons in LZ-H and LZ-M group were integrated,the nuclear membrane was intact,and the mitochondria in the cytoplasm,endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi bodies,microtubules,and synapses were also complete.The microglial cell showed no abnormality.No toxicity appeared in the pathological specimens of mice treated with ganoderma lucidum preparation.Conclusion The ganoderma lucidum preparation can dissolve and decline or dismiss the senile plaques and neurofibrillar tangles in the brain of AD mice and also reduce the amyloid angiopathy.

Through a systematic and comprehensive study of domestic and foreign literatures and information, this study aims to trace the herbal origin and the toxicity recorded in ancient and current documents, analyze the safety case reports of Psoralea corylifolia and experimental studies on toxicity in recent years, and make a preliminary summary about the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors of cases related to the safety of P. corylifolia and its preparations. The study involved 84 patients in the safety case reports of P. corylifolia. The adverse events were mainly liver damage (55.95%) and light toxic contact dermatitis (38.10%), sugguesting that P. corylifolia may lead to liver damage and photo toxicity. However, reproductive toxicity and renal damage were only reported in animal studies, but not in clinical reports. Because of its complicated ingredients, the toxic components and mechanisms of P. corylifolia have not been clear at present. Therefore, the authors proposed to strictly apply P. corylifolia in clinic, use it rationally and combine it with other medications. Besides, efforts shall be made to strength the guidance for doctors, the safety monitoring of P. corylifolia and relevant preparations, and actively carry out safety-related basic and clinical studies, so as to give a better guidance to safe medication, full exert the efficacy and avoid the medication risk.

The effect of Qizhi Jiangtang vapsule (QJC) on degree of dermal ulcer cicatrization in 2 type diabetic rats was studied. Except the rats for blank group, other male Wistar rats were used to establish type 2 diabetic model by feeding with high sugar and high fat diet for four weeks and intraperitonally injecting with 30 mg•kg⁻¹ streptozotocin (STZ). After that, the rats were divided into balanced groups according to blood sugar, and received corresponding drugs for treatment for 8 weeks. At the end of week 8, 2 cm diameter circular incision was done on the back of rats. After that, the rats were administered continuously for10 days. Area of ulcer surface was detected every two days. After the last administration, wound granulation tissues were cut down to conduct pathological examination and detect the expression of VEGF, PI3K, p-ERK protein in wound tissues. The results showed that compared with the model group, after application of Qizhi Jiangtang capsule (2.24 g•kg⁻¹), the wound was significantly reduced on day 6 and day 10 of wound formation; inflammation reaction on ulcer surface was significantly reduce; Qizhi Jiangtang capsule can increase VEGF expression in the wound tissues of diabetic rats, and inhibit ERK phosphorylation. It can be concluded that Qizhi Jiangtang capsule can promote skin ulcer healing for diabetes rats, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of VEGA and p-ERK proteins.

OBJECTIVETo study the gene polymorphism distribution characteristics of human platelet HPA-1-5 and 15 blood group antigens and construct a certain scale of platelet HPA database in the north area of Henan Province so as to provide platelet apheresis for clinical departments.

METHODSUsing polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), the genotyping of HPA-1-5 and 15 system was carried out; the periperal blood of 500 healthy Han donors in north area of Henan Province was collected randomly, the gene and genotype frequencies were detected by direct counting method, and the population distribution frequncy of HPA genes was analyzed by Hardy-Weinberg balance test, and compared with other regions and ethnics by using χ(2) test.

RESULTSThere was statistically significant (P < 0.05) of increase HPA-3b and HPA-5a in North area of Henan Province, compared with Chinese Han population; the HPA-3b and 5a increase and HPA-2a decrease were statistically significant (P < 0.05), compared with Ethnic minority of China. There was partly increase of HPA-1a, 2a, 3a and 5a, compared with different regions and ethnic in abroad. HPA allele genes of 500 Han donors in the North area of Henan Province were as follows: 0.985 and 0.015 for 1a and 1b; 0.924 and 0.076 for 2a and 2b; 0.469 and 0.531 for 3a and 3b; 1.000 and 1.000 for 4a and 5a; 0.532 and 0.468 for 15a and 15b, respectively. HPA allele gene frequencies were 1aa0.970, 1ab0.030; 2aa0.848, 2ab0.152; 3aa0.222, 3ab0.494, 3bb0.284; 4aa1.000; 5aa1.000; 15aa0.282, 15ab0.500, 15bb0.218. Compared with other regions and ethnic, HPA gene frequencies partly had statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONDistribution of HPA allele frequencies in the North area of Henan province is in accordence with the Hardy-Weinberg law. There are race and regional differences in HPA allele gene frequencies, compared with other regions and countries. And the HPA systems HPA-3 and 15 display the genetic polymorphisms, which provides a theoretical basis for the relevant research of the same type platelet infusion and alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

Alleles ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; Antigens, Human Platelet ; genetics ; Blood Platelets ; China ; DNA Primers ; Ethnic Groups ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Plateletpheresis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

As a widespread phenomenon in living system, molecular self-assembly has become the meeting point of multidisciplinary research including chemistry, biology, materials science and medicine. In recent years, the rapid development in molecular self-assembly of peptide technology is showing a great potential in the application of tissue engineering, drug delivery, bionic medicine, cosmetology field, optical and electronic product development, etc. Especially, the remarkable hemostatic effect of self-assembling peptides (SAP) on organs, nerves and brain wounds successfully promoted its application to the material science and clinical medicine. This review focuses on the hemostatic effects and characteristics of SAP on different bleeding wound models, action mechanism, its benefits and limitations as well as its adrancing trends.
Drug Delivery Systems ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Peptides ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo investigate Chinese medical features of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with pulmonary infection.

METHODSUsing cluster analysis method, Chinese medical syndromes of 196 AIDS patients with pulmonary infection were analyzed. The distribution features of each syndrome type were analyzed according to the severity and CD4+ numerical analysis.

RESULTSBasic Chinese medical syndrome types could be summed up as three kinds: exterior invasion of wind heat and phlegm heat obstructing Fei syndrome (61 cases, 31.1%), Fei-Pi deficiency and Fei stagnation of phlegm syndrome (64 cases, 32.7%), Fei-Shen deficiency and yin deficiency induced inner heat syndrome (71 cases, 36.2%). There was statistical difference in the severity degree and the distribution of CD4 among the three syndrome types (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAIDS patients with pulmonary infection involve Fei, Shen, and Pi. The pathogenic factors were related to "wind", "heat", "phlegm", and "xu". The Chinese medical syndrome distribution was closely correlated with patients' immunity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cluster Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between HLA gene distribution and allele frequency of the patients with leukemia. PCR-SSP technique was used to detect the HLA genotype of 2994 umbilical cord blood units from healthy newborns (as control), the detecting result of which was compared with HLA genotypes of 1246 patients with leukemia searched in our cord blood bank. The differences between two groups were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that as compared with the control group, the allele frequencies of HLA-B*56 (0.56%), B*70 (0.24%) obviously increased (RR = 2.2546, 6.2598, χ(2) = 5, 5.98, P < 0.05), while the allele frequencies of HLA-A*03 (3.45%), A*30 (4.86%), B*13 (8.75%), B44* (3.25%), B61* (5.70%), DRB1*07 (8.23%), DRB1*15 (14.21%) obviously decreased in patients with leukemia (RR = 0.5889, 0.7187, 0.7359, 0.5713, 0.7127, 0.6242, 0.7976, χ(2) = 19.23, 9.82, 14.33, 20.48, 11.99, 33.21, 11.56, P < 0.01). It is concluded that HLA-B*56, B*70 alleles seem to be characterized by the genetic susceptibility to leukemia and may be served as risk markers for leukemia occurrence, while the HLA-A*03, A*30, B*13, B*44, B*61, DRB1*07, DRB1*15 can be considered as genetic indicators for resistance of leukemia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The aim of this study is to synthesize the ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) as drug carrier to improve release property of insoluble drug and investigate the dissolution profile of insoluble drug from the porous carrier. The OMS was obtained by using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as the template and resveratrol was selected as the model drug. The resveratrol-loaded OMS (Res-OMS) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. In vitro drug release behavior was also investigated. It was found that the synthesized OMS showed a large surface area, a narrow pore size distribution and an important mesoporosity associated to hexagonally organized channels. Compared with physical mixture and crystalline powder, resveratrol was in amorphous or molecular form after loading into OMS. The release rate ofresveratrol from drug-loaded OMS was significantly increased suggesting the great potential application of OMS for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs.
Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Porosity ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of postoperative enteral immunonutrition on inflammatory response and immunologic function in patients with gastrointestinal tumor.

METHODSClinical data of 106 gastrointestinal malignant tumor patients with malnutrition who were treated in the Department of General Surgery, the People's Hospital of Cangzhou in Hebei province from January 2008 to June 2010 were prospectively collected. Patients were randomized into two groups, including enteral immunonutrition group(n=53) and common enteral nutrition group(n=53). Related immunological indices and C-reaction protein were measured on preoperative day 5 and postoperative day 1 and 9.

RESULTSThe general information and preoperative immunological indices were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05). On postoperative day 9, levels of CD4, CD4/CD8, IgG, lymphocyte, NK cells, and complement C3, C4, and CH50 in the enteral immunonutrition group were higher than those in common enteral nutrition group. Serum C-reaction protein level was lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Postoperative infection rate was 3.8%(2/53) in enteral immunonutrition group, significantly lower than that in control group with an infection rate of 15.1%(8/53)(P<0.05). The mean postoperative hospital stay of the two groups were (8.1±1.1) d and (9.2±2.1) d, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor gastrointestinal malignant tumor patients with malnutrition, the use of enteral immunonutrition can alleviate the postoperative trauma and inflammatory response, improve the immune function, thus can reduce the occurrence of postoperative infection, and accelerate patient recovery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Complement System Proteins ; immunology ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; complications ; immunology ; therapy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Male ; Malnutrition ; complications ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

This study was purposed to investigate the frequencies of HLA-Cw* loci in China Northern Han population at gene level and to analyze the population genetic characteristics of HLA-Cw* alleles and distribution difference of gene frequency in regions. The high resolution genotyping for HLA-Cw* loci of 420 cases in China Northern Han population was performed by using PCR-SSP typing technique and their distribution regularity was analyzed statistically. The results showed that 30 HLA-Cw* alleles were detected, among which the frequency of Cw* 0102 (0.1776), 0702 (0.1217), 0602 (0.1150) were highest; other alleles with higher frequency were as follow in proper order: Cw* 0304, 0801, 0303, 0302, 0401, 1402. The rare observed HLA-Cw* 0506, 0810, 1510, 1601 and 1701 were detected firstly in this population. The statistical analysis indicated that the genotype distribution of HLA-Cw* loci coincides with the Hardy-Weinberg test. In conclusion, application of high resolution allele typing can accurately understand the distribution regularity and characteristics of HLA-Cw* alleles in China Northern Han population which provides the basis for research related with HLA-Cw* loci.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-C Antigens ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Young Adult